3. Chemical Bonding DPP-1 Ionic Bonds and Fajans’ Rule () Sublimation, heat of sublimation; (iii) Dissociation, bond energy; (v) Lattice formation, lattice energy 3. (i) ionic, (i) ionic, (ii) covalent, (iv) covalent 4. 91.55% 5.c 6a Te &b oe ed Wb) Od a Wb GM Ta wad 19d Md abd Wad 23 ab 24 b Ba Ba MB i Ionisation, ionisation energy; (iv) Electron gain, electron gain energy; Scanned with CamScanner3. Chemical Bonding DPP-1 lonic Bonds and Fajans’ Rule 1, Plan in jonio compounds, there is exchange of electrons 0 ‘complete dupiet or octet ‘Charge cn cation = electrons lst ‘Charge on anion = electrons gained Cations and anions are joined by electrostatic force of attraction (F) 2 ze a k = constant, 2e = charge an cation, 23¢ = charge on anion, ‘rm internuclear distance, D = deectic constant of medium Nats? 25? 2p° as!) —sNa*[ts? 25*2p4] +e" oxgescmgena ano, ‘at cemee Flis? 2s? 2p%}+ 0” —+ F'tts* 2s* 2p") Fek faqaae See na®YEs Nat F Naloss one elcton hence, ins + ve charge ena gains ne lecvon nonce gang ve charge, {i Migl1s? 25? 208 as®] —+Mg* ts? 28° 2p) +207 “SSIs conan eis 28 2pF 38° Sp*] +07 Electrons lost by Mg are gained by two Cl atoms (one each). Or fas? 3p] i Li [is?2s') pt Pemba oe econ Ofts*2s*2p']+2e°—> of tis"2s%2p"] Hepes oon (O gains two electrons lost by two atoms. Su Tis te" ‘ise conte Ly, ur a ()_KE~-98%@p%4s"] okt [-38°9p8] +07 OnescStBesare econ” Cost eoree Br. 434 4p] 407 9 B.A 4p] Srecieenattece erates 2, Plan Steps given () t0 (4) Involve formation of lattice M*X"(s) {fom M(s}and X,(9)~a part of Born-Haber cycle Process aH 1 [™Ms) —> Mla) | Sudimaton |S teat of subimation leneray) (0 }uia) —s1"(g) +0" lirisaton | Gorsaioneneray) io |Xl@) 2x19) | Dissociation |O ond eneray) ()|xtg)+e-— X(@)_ [Becton |-E etcton gain energy) gain alr oro Latice | -U ¢atice eneroy) mt x) ration 3. Plan | atomic numbers are known, then based on valence electrons, type of bonding can be decided. foment z Group a A 3 WA(e) | Ongen 8 8 via) | Fucrine c 10 vac) Neon D " acy Sodium {) Oxygen Is more eectronegative and sodum is moe electropostve = ionic @ Asin @)-Ionic ( Simiar elements - covalent (i) Sitar elements ~ covalent 4. Plan lonic bond strength isthe force of attraction between cation ‘and anion given by 1%, = 22 = charge on cation and anion (+ ton cation and — 1 on arin) D = dialectic constant of medium ‘r= bond lencth 9185 “FKF) (0.278 ‘Thus, ionic bond strength of NaCl is 91.5596 that of KF. 5. (0)Csly = Cs! +15 IF dissolves, forming Csi electropositive element hence, it forms Cs* fon, Hence, no covalent bonding, Cs, + Ost +0 oie” Bay 03" has stable inet gas configuration thus, Cs™ isnot formed 6 Ma — Mg +20; ae 0420" —> o*; ‘Smaller the IE of Mg, easier the formation of Mg, Greater the EA of O, easier the formation of 7. (6) Clie anionic compound. Force of atvacton (F) between” andr" is aif = EA Fa kB 2 Zp = charge (+ 1 for KC) ‘D « dielectric constant of solvent (maximum forH,0) Fal D Greater the value of D, smaller th value of F, hence larger the ato =(8 +h g-e-u) solubily. 2 ‘Note 0 for CHOCH, is least out of given solvents, thus solubility Processes () and (are exothermic rin 6 DPP - ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL BONDING ‘Scanned with CamScanneroy Mats 23% 2p%3s") Is an el 6. ©) Ios? 2p" 35? 3p%is an oe ge iat oy 2 a" eile? : okoatane 1098068 cothraion ie] 33°36" Ga) prow sibaceron cig +20> = 'ectropos netestenth i) (fats stable ne gs configuration a ++ 3 (Valency) fice dectons ona than Oc, ican donate hee chats) electrons short 6f octet, itcan ree sin tree we aimee leton) ‘ompound is WZ. 1.0080. SHO chal [OULD I80,.Ho, | abonds inH.O nclecules 4-20.24 ° Ie 1, bonds in SOTO”. +o te 4 Coordinate bond in complex| HO—scu?* «ou, 0H, On, Iv. Bectrostatc force of attraction between (CUH,O),|* and 80%. 1. H) molecules joined together by cipole-cipole interaction, ‘VL Outer H,0 molecule joined to SO%” by ion-dipole interaction. TH) L KylFe(CN] == aK" + FFeiCNel ‘erie wen alone een {Fe(CN}]*" has (C = N) covalent bond. CN" is coordinated toFe* . 4 tam, oF on, HAH ‘Covalent and coordinate bond. H 2 iH", S0% ionic, 6—$—O [Covalent and coordinate bond. 1 o 12 (gay Fejans ie, ‘Smale the size of cation, larger the sizeof aon. Larger Ha ‘hxge on cation or anion, larger the polarising Power N° T8" ‘eater the covalent nature. Sapatcatons Na* >Mg2* > Al* >Si* Chaige on cations Nat Mgi > AP* >Si* (smallest cation) Charge en cations: Na? a deers 0 CcuF* due to siesng etect causes more screening than Zr “Thus, polatising pover oNa* <2 < Cy hence onic nature and slut in water isin dr us <2ns Mg* (size) +142 (charge) creo (za) n1<-2 (charge) [MgO > KCI atice energy) tus, comes. (AM 42 (charge) NE>O® (ze) =8>-2 (charge) [AIN > MgO (atic energy) thus, comet. ()Be% MgCO, (ltioe energy) thus, omer (0) Thus, incorrect, om 16. 167 EXPLANATIONS, ‘Scanned with CamScanner17. (2) By Fajans' ue, Smaller the size of cation, larger the charge, thon larger th polarising power nature, moans low molting point ‘Smaller the ionic nature, means low melting Pot Lit (eame) Fo Na*and Ait >Na* Thus, LICI and AICI, have covalent nature and extracted into ether UC! due tod-slectrons has covalent nature. (Polatising power of cut > Na") Thus, only NaCl (ionic) remains in water. 20. (2) Cut = [41] 29, Cut has inner 18-electrons shell. Shielding effect is decreased. Thus, electronegativity is increased. This results in greater polarising power of Cut. Hence, CuCl is covalent. 21. (a,b,c) Born Haber cycle involves Process Energy ‘Sublimation s lonisation 1 Electron affinity -E Lattice energy -u Als) — Alg) Ag) —> AYig) +e", Big) + e°—> B(g), At (g)+ B(g) —> ABS) Ais) + Bg) —> APB). ItAsHP (AB) =Q Then AH aH=! aH= aH=-u aH=S+1-E-U Q=S+/-E-u | | 22. ta (2) InSbF, (expansion of ate rom $ 10 10 and further 0 1 (©) NH BF, both have complete octet. NHy iS election rch donates tone pa to BF» (©) ACCIy is electron decent, accepts lone pai rom (@) InSF,, expansion of actet or 8 to 10 and futher to 12, 23. (a,b) A At +0" is favourable since, IE of Ais ow. 8 +e" —s 6s tavourable since, EAC! Bis high. Thus, A*8" is favoured by ow IE of Aand high EA of 4 | 24. (b)|HN +H] Cr bond absent 4 2 nat] | aatponds are present Y o% So 9 2 tH 6-2-0" |arbonds except coorrat(-»)bone ° Na* -N=N=N(.)All bonds except coordinate (+) bond. Explanations for Q. Nos. (25-26) Ag) — AYg) +e aH =580v 8g)+e" —> 8) { aHe 158 AH = 408 Alg) + B(g) —> ATE: Faia 222 21.44 222 F (oe F=400V 28. (2) 27. (8) F (strength of ionic bond) = 222" Dr? 421A) 2B" Bt asda 22 aria o(5) 22,(A) 2,(Bp? sy =a e2UA) 2e(BE? aon ea Then ‘Thus, ionic strength becomes 8 times. ut of these, one parameter, J, EU can be calculated, ‘Scanned with CamScanner