ASSIGNMENT 5: SUMMARY OF CHAPTERS 11- 15 CHAPTER 11: IN HONG KONG AND MACAO, 1888 Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888. He was 27 years old and a practicing physician. The Trip to Hong Kong. February 3, 1888, after a short stay in Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He did not get off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy on February 7. For three reasons; (1) He was not feeling well, (2) It was raining hard, and (3) He heard that the city was dirty. February 8 - he arrived in Hong Kong. February 16, 1888 - He wrote a letter to Blumentritt, expressing his bitter and sadness. Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel, he was welcomed by the Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte. A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Veranda, who was a former secretary of the Governor General Terrero shadowed Rizal in Hong Kong Scanned with CamScannerThere are some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly, they were rich mechanics, industrialists and financiers Visit to Macao. February 18 - Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer Kiu-Kiang for Macao. Rizal, wrote in his diary, that Macao, “is small, low and gloomy... It looks sad and is almost dead.” In Macao, Rizal stayed at the home of Don Juan Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady. Evening of February 19 - he witnessed a Catholic procession, in which the devotees were dressed in blue and purple carrying unlighted candles. February 20 - Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the same streamer. Experiences in Hong Kong. . Noisy celebration of the Chinese New Year. . Boisterous Chinese theatre, with noisy audience and noisier music. . The marathon lauriat party. . The Dominican Order was the richest religious order in Hong Kong. . Of the Hong Kong cemeteries belonging to the Protestants, Catholics, and Muslims. vRwne Departure From Hong Kong. Scanned with CamScanner* February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hong Kong on board the Oceanic, an American steamer, his destination was Japan. CHAPTER 12: ROMANTIC INTERLUDE IN JAPAN, 1888 One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land of the Cherry Blossoms for one month and a half. (February 28 - April 13, 1888). He was enchanted by the beauty of Japan, the charming manners of the Japanese people and the picturesque shrines. Moreover, he fell in love with a Japanese girl. Rizal Arrives in Yokohama. + February 28, 1888 - Rizal arrived in Yokohama. He registered at the Grand Hotel. * He was impressed by the city of Tokyo, where he described it in a letter to BLumentritt: “Tokyo is more expensive than Paris. The walls are built in cyclopean manner. The streets are large and wide.” Rizal in Tokyo. * In Tokyo, he was visited at his hotel by Juan Perez Caballero, secretary of the Spanish Legation. The latter invited him to live at the Spanish Legation. * Due to Rizal being an intelligent man, he realized that the Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed to monitor his movements. He accepted the invitation for two reasons: (1)He could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation and Scanned with CamScanner(2)He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities. Rizal’s Impression of Japan. (1)The beauty of the country (2)The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people (3)The picturesque dree and simple charm of the Japanese women. (4)There were very few thieves in Japan so the house remained open day and night. In the hotel room one could safely leave money on the table. (5)Beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and other cities. One thing he did not like in Japan, was the popular transportation by means of rickshaws drawn by men. Romance with O-Sei-San. Rizal made inquiries among the legation employees and learned from one of them that she was Seiko Usui, who lived in her parents’ home and that she used to pass by the legation during her daily afternoon walks. Seiko-san was midly amused at the gallant gentleman from Philippines. She replied in English and she also knew French. Thus eliminating the language barrier. O-Sei-San’s beauty and affection almost tempted Rizal to settle down in Japan. At the same time, he was offered a good job at the Spanish Legation. If he were a man of lesser heroic mould, of lesser power, he would have lived permanently in Japan; but then the world, in general, and the Philippines, in particular, would have lost a Rizal. Scanned with CamScannerSayonara, Japan. April 13, 1888 - Rizal boarded the Belgic, an English steamer, at Yokohama, bound for the United States. Rizal and Tetcho. Tetcho Suehiro- a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of human rights, who was forced by the Japanese government to leave the country; passenger which Rizal befriended on board the Belgic. April 13. to December 1, 1888- eight months of intimate acquaintanceship of Rizal and Tetcho. December 1, 1888- after a last warm handshake and bidding each other “goodbye”, Rizal and Tetcho, parted ways—never to meet again. Scanned with CamScannerPTER 1 IZAL'S VISIT TO UNITED S (1888) Rizal first saw America on April 28, 1888. His arrival in this great country was marred by racial prejudice, for he saw the discriminatory treatment of the Chinses and the Negroes by the White Americans. Arrival in San Francisco. * On April 28, 1888 - The streamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San Francisco. All passengers were not allowed to land. American health authorities placed the ship under quarantine although clearance were given by the American consul in Japan and Hong Kong. Rizal in San Francisco. + Friday afternoon, May 4, 1888 - the day he was permitted to go ashore. + Rizal registered at the Palace Hotel, which was then considered a first class hotel in the City. Across the American Continent. * May 6, 1888 - Rizal Left San Francisco for Oakland, nine miles across San Francisco Bay, by ferry boat. Scanned with CamScannerRizal in New York. * May 13, 1888 - Rizal reached New York, thus ending his trip across the American continent. * He called New York the “big town". + He was awed and inspired by the memorial to George Washington, He wrote to Ponce: “He is a great man who, | think, has no equal in this country”. * May 16, 1888 - He left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome. Rizal’s Impression of America. * Good Impressions: 1. The material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries, and busy factories; The drive and energy of the American people; The natural beauty of the land; The high standards of living and; The opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants. * One bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of Racial Equality. * “America is land par excellence in freedom but only for the Whites.” - yPrey sp Rizal Scanned with CamScannerCHAPTER 14: RIZAL IN LONDON (1888-1889) Rizal lived in London from May, 1888 to March, 1889. He chose this English city to be his new home for three reasons; (1) to improve his knowledge of the English Language, (2) to study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a rare copy of which he heard to be available in the British Museum and (3) London was a safe place for him to carry on his fight against Spanish Tyranny. Trip Across the Atlantic. « Rizal entertained the American and European passengers with his marvelous skill with the yo-yo. + May 24, 1888 - Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England. Life in London. * May 25, 1888 - a day after docking, Rizal went to London. For a short time, he stayed as a guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, an exile of 1872, and a practicing lawyer. + Later on he transferred to a boarding house owned by the Beckett family. + Met Dr, Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Dr. frost called Rizal “a pearl of man”. Scanned with CamScanner+ Dr. Rost was impressed by Rizal's learning and character, and he gladly recommended him to the authorities of the British Museum. News from Home, Good and Bad. * Bad news, were the injustices committed by the Spanish Authorities on the Filipino people and the Rizal Family. (1)The persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the Anti-Friar Petition of 1888 2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants. (2)Persecution of the Calamba tenants, including Rizal’s family and relatives, (3)Furious attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish Cortes and by Desenganos in the Spanish newspapers. (4)Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina, was exiled by Governor General Weyler to Bohol without due process of law. (5)A friend of Rizal, Laureano Viado, a medical student at the University of Santo Tomas, was arrested and jailed in Bilibid Prison because copies of the Noli were found in his house. * One good news cheered Rizal and that was Rev. Vicente Garcia's defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars, which he was deeply gratified. Annotating Morga’s Book. + Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Events in the Philippine Islands) published in Mexico, 1609 - Rizal considered it the best among the other books on Philippine History written by others. * Rizal said Morga is a modern scholarly explorer. He does not have the exaggeration and superficiality of the Spanish writers Scanned with CamScanner* For 10 months (May 1888-March 1889), he was deeply immersed with his historical studies. Short Visit to Paris and Spain. + Early September, 1888 - he visited Paris for a week, in order to search for more historical materials in the Bibliotheque Nationale. * December 11, 1888 - he went to Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona. Christmas in London (1888). + Rizal spent Christmas with the Becketts. * Gave Bust of Emperor Augustus to Blumentritt as a gift. + Bust of Julius Caesar to Dr. Carlos Czepelak as Christmas gift. + Mrs, Beckett gave Rizal a book entitled The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist. Rizal Becomes leader of Filipinos in Europe. + December 31, 1888 - Filipino in Barcelona were planning to establish a patriotic society which would cooperate in the crusade for reforms. This society, called Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association). * By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was chosen honorary president. * January 28, 1889 - Rizal, wrote a letter addressed to the members of the Asociacion La Solidaridad. In this letter, he expressed his thanks for the honor of making him honorary president. Rizal and The La Solidaridad Newspaper. Scanned with CamScannerFebruary 15, 1889 - Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona. The Propaganda Movement aims were as follows: (1)To work peacefully for political and social reforms; (2)To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that Spain may remedy them; (3)To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism; (4)To advocate liberal ideas and progress (5)And to champion the legitimate aspirations of the Filipino people to life, democracy, and happiness. He advised Jaena that great care should be taken in publishing only the truth, not to publish exaggerations or lies. First Article in La Solidaridad. March 25, 1889 - Rizal’s first article which appeared in La Solidaridad was entitled Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers). Writings in London. La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray Rodriguez) - in defense of the unabated attack on his Noli. It demonstrated two things: (1)His profound knowledge of religion and, (2)His biting satire. Letter to the Young Women of Malolos (Feb. 22, 1889) - to praise young ladies of Malolos for their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish. The main points of this letter were: (1)A Filipino mother should teach her children love of God, fatherland and mankind; Scanned with CamScanner(2)The Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan mother, to offer her sons in the defense if the fatherland; (3)A Filipino woman should know how to preserve here dignity and honor; (4)A Filipino woman should educate herself, aside from retaining her good racial virtues; and (5)Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, but rather it is living the real Christian way, with good morals and good manners. * In request of Dr. Rost, Rizal contribute some articles. > Specimens of Tagal Folklore (May, 1889). > Two Eastern Fables (June, 1889). Romance with Gertrude Beckett. * Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the three Beckett sisters - Gertrude (Gettie) He could not marry Gettie for he had a mission to fulfill in life * Before leaving London, he made 4 sculptural works: (1)Prometheus Bound. {2)The Triumph of Death. {3)The Triumph of Science Over Death. (4)Craving of the Heads of the Beckett Sisters. Adios, London. * March 19, 1889 - Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett Family and left London for Paris. Scanned with CamScannerCHAPTER 15: RIZAL'S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889. Rizal, fresh from London, was caught in the whirl of gay Parisian life. Despite the social parties and the glittering lights of the city. He published his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos; founded three Filipino societies, the Kidlat Club, the Indios Bravos, and the R.D.L.M.; and wrote Por Telefono, a satire against Fr. Salvador Font. Difficulty of Finding Quarters. * Cost of living spiraled high because the French landlords raised the rents of their rooms. * He stayed at the house of Valentin Ventura and move from one hotel to another. + He finally lived with Capitan Justo, a former gobernadorcillo and Jose Albert, a student from Manila. Life in Paris. * Spent most of his time at the Bibliotheque Nationale Annotation of Morga’s book (polishing) Scanned with CamScannerHe met his friends Pardo de Tavera, Ventura, Bousted, Luna, etc. Met Juan Luna, his wife and children Andres and Maria de la Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda, Juana Luna y Pardo de Tavera. June 24, 1889 - a baby girl was born to Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Travera. Rizal and Paris Exposition of 1889. May 6, 1889 - Rizal fascinated by the Universal Exposition of Paris which opened. The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower. Another feature is the International Art Competition where Felix Hidalgo won the 2nd prize, Luna and De Tavera the 3rd prize Rizal's entry got no prize. Kidlat Club. March 19, 1889 - Rizal organized his paisanos (compatriots) into a society called Kidlat Club. Members were Antonio and Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas. It was founded by Rizal simply to bring together the young Filipino in the French capital so that they could enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of the Universal Exposition. Indios Bravos. Scanned with CamScannerRizal was amazed to see the Buffalo bull show which featured the American Indians proudly riding their sturdy ponies, elegantly dressed in their native attire and wearing their war feathers and paints. Rizal said, why “should we resent being called Indios? Look at those Indios from North America. They are not ashamed of their names.” The society pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess in order to win the admiration of the foreigners. R.D.L.M. Society. Redencion de los Malayos was founded by Rizal in Paris. The aim of the secret society was the propagation of all useful knowledge -scientific, artistic, literary. He was inspired by a book, Max Havelaar by E.D. Dekker tackling about the miserable condition of the oppressed. Annotated Edition of Morga Published. This was Rizal's outstanding achievement in Paris Dedicated it to the Filipino people. He annotated the book because it was the best of the many histories of the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers. In this historical work, Rizal proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent of the Spaniards. They had clothes, government, laws, writing, literature, religion, arts, sciences and commerce. Spaniards claimed that the early Filipinos were savages and were of low mentality. Rizal as Historian. Scanned with CamScanner+ Rizal's research studies in the British Museum (London) and in the Blibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical knowledge. His splendid annotation to Morga’s book showed his familiarity with the basic principles of historiography. The pines Within a Century. + In this article Rizal expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in the Philippines and predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain's sovereignty in Asia. + Toward the last paragraph of the Article, he peered into the future and warned Spain of what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if she would not adopt a more liberal and enlightened policy toward the Philippines. The Indolence of the Filipinos. * Rizal made a critical study of the causes why Filipino people did not work hard during the Spanish regime. International Association of Filipinologists. * Aim of the association: Study the Philippines from the scientific and historical point of view. * Meeting was set but did not materialize because the French government discouraged the holding of conferences by private organizations during period of the international exposition. Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong. Scanned with CamScannerRizal planned to establish a modem college in Hong Kong “to train and educate men of good family and financial means in accordance with the demands of the modern times and circumstances” Mariano Cunanan of Mexico, Pampanga promised to help him raise 40,000 as initial capital for the college. Por Telefono. In the fall of 1889 he wrote another satirical work entitled Por Telefono as a reply to another slanderer, Fr. Salvador Font, who masterminded the banning of his Noli. Por Telefono - This satirical pamphlet under the authorship of “Dismas Alang” is a witty satire which ridicules Father Font. It describes in comical vein a telephone conversation between Father Font who was in Madrid and the father provincial of the San Agustin Convent in Manila. Rizal predicted much ahead of his times that people could carry on overseas telephonic conversations. Scanned with CamScanner