YUSI, Reyne L.

A-223

Read, understand, and analyze the problem carefully. Work on the problem and follow
the step-by-step procedure in solving it -- from null hypothesis to
recommendation. Round off FINAL ANSWER to THREE (3) decimal places.

1. The research director of a leading beverage conducted a research to measure the

effectiveness of a new flavoring of its beverage compared to beverage with classical
flavoring. A sample of 20 persons tasted the beverage with the classical flavoring,
and 30 persons tasted the one with new flavoring. The participants were asked to
rate their enjoyment on the beverage, the highest score is 20 and the lowest is
0. The summary result of the study is shown below. Assuming equal variance and
at a .01 level of significance, is there significant difference between the enjoyment
level of the two differently flavored beverages?

Flavoring Sample Average enjoyment Variance

New 30 16.75 8.97

Classical 20 15.95 8.75

Null hypothesis:
There is no significant difference between the enjoyment level of the two
differently flavored beverages.
Alternative hypothesis:
There is a significant difference between the enjoyment level of the two
differently flavored beverages.
Level of significance:
.01/2 = 0.005 (two-tailed)
df = n1 – 1 + n2 – 1
= 30 – 1 + 20 – 1
= 48
Critical Value:
±2.682
YUSI, Reyne L.
A-223
Normal Curve:

-2.682 2.682
Decision rule:
Reject the null hypothesis if t <-2.682 or t > 2.682; otherwise, do not reject the
null hypothesis.
Computation:

2
(𝑛1 − 1)𝑠12 + (𝑛2 − 1)𝑠22 𝑥̅1 − 𝑥̅2
𝑠 𝑝= 𝑇=
(𝑛1 − 1) + (𝑛2 − 1) 1 1
√𝑠1 𝑃 ( + )
𝑛1 𝑛2
(30 − 1)8.97 + (20 − 1)8.75
𝑠2𝑝 = 16.75 − 15.95
(30 − 1) + (20 − 1) 𝑇=
260.13 + 166.25 √8.88 ( 1 + 1 )
2
𝑠 𝑝= 30 20
29 + 19
0.80
260.13 + 166.25 𝑇=
𝑠2𝑝 = 0.8602
29 + 19
𝑇 = 0.92998
𝑠 2 𝑝 = 8.88
Conclusion:
Do not reject the null hypothesis, 0.92998 > 2.682; which means there is no
significant difference between the enjoyment level of the two differently flavored
beverages.
Recommendation:
Based on the results, there is no difference between the enjoyment level
of the two differently flavored beverages. We can say that, despite the new flavor
of the beverage, consumers like it as much as they like the classic flavor. And for
me, it is a good result but can still be improved, especially if the main goal is to
increase the sales of the beverage company.
YUSI, Reyne L.
A-223
2. Two medical researchers looked into the effectiveness of a treatment for
hypertension or high blood pressure. In a clinical trial, 45 patients with hypertensions
were randomly assigned to either Group A (placebo control) or Group B (treatment);
and were closely monitored for three months. After which, the researchers
measured and recorded the changes in the blood pressure of the patients in each
group. The summary of the results is shown below. Assuming unequal variance
and at .01 level of significance, is there evidence of significant difference on the
change in blood pressures of the two groups of patients?

Average change in blood

Groups Sample variance
pressure

A (placebo control) 21 -0.218 16.81

B (treatment) 24 3.359 21.19

Null hypothesis:
There is no significant difference on the change in blood pressures of the two
groups of patients.
Alternative hypothesis:
There is a significant difference on the change in blood pressure of the two
groups of patients.
Level of significance:
0.01/2 = 0.005

𝑠 2 2 𝑠 2 2
( 1 ) +( 2 )
𝑛1 𝑛2
ⅆ𝑓 = 𝑣 = 2 2 2
𝑠 𝑠2
(𝑛1 ) (𝑛2 )
1 2
+
(𝑛1 −1) (𝑛2 −1)

16.81 2 21.19 2
( ) + ( 24 )
ⅆ𝑓 = 𝑣 = 21 2
16.81 21.19 2
( 21 ) ( )
+ 24
(21 − 1) (24 − 1)
ⅆ𝑓 = 𝑣 = 42.98 𝑜𝑟 42
YUSI, Reyne L.
A-223
T-test critical:
±2.698
Decision Rule:
Reject the null hypothesis if t <-2.698 or t > 2.698; otherwise, do not reject the
null hypothesis.
Normal Curve:

-2.698 2.698
Calculate the t-test value:
𝑥̅1 − 𝑥̅2
𝑇=
𝑠2 𝑠2
√( 1 ) + ( 2 )
𝑛 1 𝑛 2

−0.218−3.359 −3.577
𝑇= =
16.81 21.19 1.2975
√( )+( )
21 24

𝑇 = −2.7569
Conclusion:
Reject the null hypothesis, -2.757 < -2.698; which means that there is a
significant difference on the change in blood pressures of the two groups of
patients.
Recommendation:
Placebo is like setting a person’s mindset instead of treating the sickness
through having medications. Given the results, we can say that having a
treatment is better than placebo effect. But we can also say that placebo plays a
role in the efficacy of the treatment. I can recommend that having placebo and
treatment at the same time could make the treatment more efficient and faster.