Title: Characterizing line and load regulation: 78XX series

Module name: Power Electronics

Module Code: EE301

Introduction

In this practical, we will experimentally reproduce line-regulation and load-regulation

performance for a 7805 line regulator. The 7805 is a three-terminal linear voltage regulator
integrated circuit with a fixed output voltage of 5V that can be used in a variety of applications. It
is in the 78XX family of linear voltage regulators.

Figure 1: Pinout diagram of LM7805

Reference: https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/766812/ThinkiSemiconductor/LM7805/1

Line regulation

Line regulation refers to a power supply's ability to maintain a constant output voltage despite
changes in input voltage while maintaining a constant output current drawn from the power supply.
It can be defined as the percentage change in the output voltage for a given change in the input
voltage for a given load current.
Load regulation

Load regulation ensures programmed output voltage remains constant despite load variations. It
can be defined as the percentage change in output voltage for a given change in load current. One
way to express load regulation is as a percentage change in output voltage from no-load (NL) to
full-load (FL).

Apparatus
1. LM7805 IC
2. Bread Board
3. Regulated power supply (RSP)
4. Multimeters
5. Rheostat
6. Resistors
7. Wires

Experimental Setup

Q:1) What are the input and output capacitors specified by the manufacturer?
Input Capacitance: ………………………..
Output Capacitance: ……………………..
 Vin Cin Cout Vout

Figure 2:Experiment Setup

Procedure
I. Line Regulation

I. Note down below parameters by referring the datasheet.

Test Current for the line regulation: ……………….

V in range 1: ……………….. to ……………………

∆𝑉 out(Typical) : ……………… ∆𝑉 out(Maximum) : …………………

V in range 2 : ……………….to …………………….

∆𝑉 out(Typical) : ……………… ∆𝑉 out(Maximum) : …………………

II. Based on the datasheet list the line regulation performance and plot them in a graph.
 Vout

Figure 3: Plot 1 -Vin Vs Vout Vin

III. Set the circuit to be able to draw the test load current and vary Vin in the given voltage
range in the datasheet.

V in (V)

Vout (V)

IV. Plot the experimental line regulation data performance on the same graph (Figure 3) using
a different color.
V. Calculate the percentage agreement of the experimental values to the datasheet values.

% Offset ∆𝑉out for Vin range 1= ………………………

% Offset ∆𝑉out for Vin range 2 = ……………………….

 II. Load regulation

I. Based on the datasheet list the line regulation performance and plot them in a graph.
II. Note down below parameters by referring the data sheet in load regulation section.

Specified input Voltage: ……………….

I out range 1: ………………..

∆𝑉 out(Typical) : ……………… ∆𝑉 out(Maximum) : …………………

I out range 2 : ………………..

∆𝑉 out(Typical) : ……………… ∆𝑉 out(Maximum) : …………………

Vout (V)

Iout (mA)

Figure 4: Plot 2 – Treashould Vs experimental values of load regulation.

III. Set up the same experiment setup used in line regulation.

IV. supply the specified Vin in the data sheet.
V. Change load current in the specified range by varying the rheostat (The big variable
resistor) and measure Vout .

Vin =……………………………
 I out
(mA)
V out
(V)

VI. Plot the experimental load regulation data performance on the same graph (Figure 4)
using a different color.
VII. Calculate the percentage agreement of the experimental values to the datasheet values.

% Offset ∆𝑉out for I out range 1= ……………..

% Offset ∆Vout for I out range 2= …………………

III Electrical characterization curves

Next, we will try to reproduce peak output current as a function of input-Output differential
voltage.

I. From the data sheet find the thermal resistance of the T0 220 package

𝜃𝐽𝐶 = ……………………………….

𝜃𝐶𝐴 = …………………………………

Figure 5: Thermal resistances

II. For this experiment we will try to maintain the junction temperature at 85 Co. Using
thermal resistors calculate the case temperature when the junction is at 25C0 .
III. Set input output differential voltage to one specific value (e.g. 4V to start with) while
observing the case temperature of the regulator, try to draw the maximum current Vs
Vdropou from the regulator without exceeding the set temperature of 85C0 at the junction.
IV. Plot experimental data by referring the data sheet (Iout Vs Vdropout @ Tj=85C0)
V. Plot the experimental graph based on your results from the lab experiments 3 (Note: Keep
Tc =77C0)
Iout

Voltage dropout (Vdrop)

Figure 6: plot3- Vdrop Vs Iout

VI. Plot the graph for ∆𝑉dropout = (𝑉out − 𝑉in ) Vs percentage mismatch by calculating
percentage mismatch between experimental data from the data sheet and actual data.

% Offset theoretical to experimental

(∆𝑉)
Figure 7: Plot4- ∆𝑉 Vs % offset theoretical to experimental