Mathematics 22

Differentiation and Integration Formulas

Recall (differentiation rules). Let f and g be differentiable functions of x and c a real constant.

1. Dx c · f (x) = c(Dx f (x)) = c · f 0 (x)

2. Dx f (x) ± g(x) = Dx f (x) + Dx g(x) = f 0 (x) + g 0 (x)

3. (Product Rule) Dx f (x) · g(x) = Dx f (x) · g(x) + f (x) · Dx g(x) = f 0 (x) · g(x) + f (x) · g 0 (x)

g(x) · f 0 (x) − f (x) · g 0 (x)

 
f (x) g(x)Dx f (x) − f (x)Dx g(x)
4. (Quotient Rule) Dx =
2 =
2
g(x) g(x) g(x)

5. (Chain Rule) Dx f (g(x)) = f 0 (g(x)) · g 0 (x)

For powers of x and exponential func- For hyperbolic functions

tions
13. Dx sinh x = cosh x
1. Dx (c) = 0 for any constant c
14. Dx cosh x = sinh x
2. Dx xr = rxr−1 for any r ∈ R 15. Dx tanh x = sech2 x
3. Dx ex = ex
16. Dx coth x = − csch2 x
4. Dx ax = ax ln a for any a > 0
17. Dx sech x = − sech x tanh x

18. Dx csch x = − csch x coth x

For logarithmic functions
1
5. Dx ln |x| =
x For inverse trigonometric functions
1 1
6. Dx loga x = for any a > 0 19. Dx sin−1 x = √ = −Dx cos−1 x
x ln a
1 − x2
1
20. Dx tan−1 x = = −Dx cot−1 x
1 + x2
For trigonometric functions
1
7. Dx sin x = cos x 21. Dx sec−1 x = √ = −Dx csc−1 x
2
x x −1
8. Dx cos x = − sin x

9. Dx tan x = sec2 x

10. Dx cot x = − csc2 x

11. Dx sec x = sec x tan x

12. Dx csc x = − csc x cot x

1
Recall. The following antidifferentiation formulas hold.

For polynomials and exponential func- For inverse trigonometric functions

tions Z
1 u
 n+1 13. √ du = sin−1 + C
u 2
a −u 2 a
+ C, if n 6= −1
Z 


1. un du = n + 1 Z
1 1 u
 14. 2 2
du = tan−1 + C
a +u a a

ln |u| + C, if n = −1
Z
Z
au 1 1 u
2. au du = + C, 1 6= a > 0 15. √ du = sec−1 + C
ln a
2
u u −a 2 a a

For hyperbolic functions

For trigonometric functions
Z
Z
16. sinh u du = cosh u + C
3. sin u du = − cos u + C
Z
Z
17. cosh u du = sinh u + C
4. cos u du = sin u + C
Z
sech2 u du = tanh u + C
Z
18.
5. sec2 u du = tan u + C
Z
csch2 u du = − coth u + C
Z
19.
6. csc2 u du = − cot u + C
Z
Z
20. tanh u sech u du = − sech u + C
7. tan u sec u du = sec u + C
Z
Z
21. coth u csch u du = − csch u + C
8. cot u csc u du = − csc u + C
Z Z
9. tan u du = ln |sec u| + C 22. tanh u du = ln |cosh u| + C*

= − ln |cos u| + C
Z
Z 23. coth u du = ln |sinh u| + C
10. cot u du = − ln |csc u| + C Z
24. sech u du = 2 tan−1 (eu ) + C
= ln |sin u| + C
Z Z
11. sec u du = ln |sec u + tan u| + C 25. csch u du = ln |csch u − coth u| + C
Z
12. csc u du = ln |csc u − cot u| + C
*Note that cosh u > 0 for all u ∈ R, so |cosh u| =
cosh u.

Note: The indefinite integral / antiderivative is a family of functions that all differ by an arbitrary
constant C.

2
Recall (Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus). Let f be a function continuous on [a, b] with a partic-
ular antiderivative F on [a, b]. Then
Z b
f (x) dx = F (b) − F (a).
a

Note: The definite integral is a real number and does not include an arbitrary constant C.

Example. Evaluate the following integrals.

Z Z 3
1.
x
5x etanh(5 ) sech2 (5x ) dx 2x
3. dx
3/2 4x2 − 12x + 18
Z p Z p
2. x3 x2 + 1 dx 4. sin(4x) 1 + cos2 (2x) dx

Exercise. Evaluate the following integrals.

1
Z
ln(5x)
Z
1
1. dx 7. √ dx
x 0 1+ x
√
Z
2. 1 − 2x dx Z 0
8. 2 cosh[ln(1 − 2x)] dx
Z π/2 −1
cos x
3. dx
0 sin x + 1 Z
5x6 + 10x4 − 6x2 − 4
√ 9. dx
e x x3 + 2x
Z
4. √ dx
x Z
x
10. dx
Z
πx x x2 + 2x + 2
5. 2 π dx
Z
Z 2 ln x + 3
6. x |x − 1| dx 11. p dx
0 x 5 − 4 ln x − (ln x)2