Topic: Algebra Grade 9

Chapter 15: Linear Sequences

+6 6 +6
Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Linear Sequences

Each number in the sequence

is called a term
This is a linear sequence...

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, (18

+3 +3+3 +3 +3
It is called a linear sequence because the differences are always the same
Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Linear Sequences

You can refer to terms by their position 9n the sequence

1 2 33 5 6

3,m6, 9, 12, 15, 18,

This is the third term in the sequence
Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Term-to-term rule

The term-to-term rule tells us how we find the next term in the sequence

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,

+3 +3 +3 +3 +3

The term-to-term rule for the above sequence is "add three"

Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Term-to-term rule

Write down the term-to-term rule for the following sequences

3,6,9, 12, 15, 18, .. Add 3 Unrl-Uh +3

5, 9,13, 17, 21, 25, . Add 4

17, 11, 5, -1, -7, -13, .. Subtract 6

5,7, 9, 11, 13... Add 2

Una1 h t+2
Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Term-to-term rule

What is the 100th term in the foll owing sequence?

3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18,

We could carry on the sequence until we got to the 100th term but that
would take along time.
Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Finding the 'nth term

What would the

O term be?
The 'nth term' rule +3n +1 Gth 3 (6) +1
18 t)
1 2 3
19
4 5 6

14, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19,.

-3

+3)+3 +3 +3 +3
Tuesday, 15 March 2022 Finding the 'nth term

What would the

O term be?
The 'nth term' rule
-4n+24 = 24-4n

1 2 3 5

24) 20, 16, 12, 8, 4,.

+4

-4)-4 -4 -4 -4
 Tuesday, 15 March 2022

Exercise 15.1
1 For each arithmetic sequence:

i deduce the common difference d

ii write the term-to-term rule in its general form using the notation 4,, and
u,
ii give the formula for the nth term
iv calculate the 50th term.

a 711,15, 19
avdd
...[1]
ii n = Un + 14
** ******
.[1]
iii Hn+2
**********st*eseesuoeo***

.1]
iv
4 (50) + 203
serns

.. [1]
 Tuesday, 15 March 2022

Exercise 15.1
1 For each arithmetic sequence:

i deduce the common difference d

ii write the term-to-term rule in its general form using the notation , and u,
ii give the formula for the nth term
iv calculate the 50th term.

b 74,1,-2
subrack 3
.

..|1]
ii
qtl Un -3 es***

1]
iii
-3n + 0
ausosi
.1]
iv
-350)+0 -4O
o*3tsso*resotaasegseas*escrnx6s.
 Tuesday, 15 March 2022

Exercise 15.1
1 For each arithmetic sequence:

i deduce the common difference d

ii write the term-to-term rule in its general form using the notation , and u,
iii give the formula for the nth term
iv calculate the 50th term.
-4,-3.5,-3, -2.5
add D.S
...1
Un+H = n + 0.5
... |1

iii 05n-45
... ..1
iv
O550)-4.5 =
25 -45 .1
 Topic: Algebra
Chapter 15.2 : Quadratic Sequences Grade 9
Page 157-158

+6
+9 +15 +21 27
3, 12, 27, 48, 75..
 Sequences: Quadratic, Formulas
U2 U3 =
an + + bn +tc
Un
-U, U-U2 U-U3 2a =2nd difference
(U,-U,)-(U-U,) (U,-U,}-(U,-U,) 3a+b =
2nd term-1st term
a+b+C =1st term

n=1 n 2 n 3
Term a+b+c)4a+26+c 9a+3b + c
1st Difference 3a +b Sa+b
2nd Difference
2a
 Wednesday, 16 March 2022 Quadratic Sequence

a +b+C= 4 12 24 40 60 84..
3a +b = 12 16 20 24
2a 4 A
4nth term = an2 + bn + c
= 2n2+2n
2a 4 3a+b =8 a+ b+c=4
4 3x2+b=8 2+2+c=4
a=
2 2 6+b-8 4 +C =4
b-8-6-2 C-0
 Sequences: Quadratic, Formulas
Example 1 an+bn + C
a+b+C= 5 9 15 23 33 45.
3a+ b =
+4 +6 +8 +10 +12
2a = +2 +2
+2
2a-2 3a+b =4 a +b+C = 5
a=1 3(1)+b = 4 1+1+C =5
3+b=4 C = 3
b 1
So, nth term is 1n2+1n +3
a=1 5 9 15 23 33 45
4 +6 +8 +10 +12
+2=1
Sequence has
In2
+2-2a +2 +2 +2
term 5 9 15 23 33 45

1n2n 1 4 9 16 25 36
subtract 4 ,5 6 8 9Unea

+1
+1

i n +3 +n+3
 5 14 29 50 77
50 77
atetC
3+0t C -5
C 3)
3a +b
9 15 21 27
=

33)b
9tb - b=O
M
6+2-3
Sequence
a 3
ea 6 6 6 has 3n2

3nOn+2 term 5 14 29 50
3n2
3+2 =U
3 12 27 48
subtract 2) 2 2 2
Sequence is 3n2+2
 Topic: Algebra Grade 9
Chapter 15.3 : Cubic Sequences
Page 158-159
 Nth Term of Cubic Sequence
We know that a given sequence is a cubic sequence if
the third difference is a constant.
The nth term of the cubic sequence will be of the form:
an +bn + cn+d
We can derive the formulas fora, b,c and d

n 1 n 2 n 3 n 4

Term a+b+c+d8a+4b+2c +d 27a+9b+3c+d 64a+16b+4c +d

1st Difference 7a+3b+c 19a+5b+c 37a +7b +c
2nd Difference 12a+2b 18a+2b

3rd Difference 6a
6a = 3rd difference
12a+2b = 1st term of 2nd difference

7a+3b +c = 2nd term -1st term

a+b+c+d =1st term
Thursday, 17 March 2022

an3+bn2+ cn+ d
a+b+c+d=12 3 14 138
7a+3b+C=+{00 +40 +64
6a = 6
12a+2b =+12 +18 +24
6a+6 +6 a+b+C+d=2
a =1
1+0+3+d 2
7a+3b+C = 10
d=-2
12a + 2b = 12 7x1+3x0+ c= 10
12x1+2b 12 C 3
2b 0
1n3+On2+3n+ -2
n3+3n -2
Thursday, 17 March 2022
an3+bn2+ cn + d
a+b+c +d = -6 6 6 34
7a +3b+ C =-2 +2 +12 +28
6a = 6
12a+2b =+4 +10 +16
6a=+6 +6 a+b+C+d=-6
a =1
1+-4+3+d - 6
7a+3b +C= -2
d= -6
12a+2b =4 7x1+3x-4+ C = -2
12x1+2b 4 C3
2b - 8
1n3+-4n2
-2
+3n+ -6
t-12+C
b =-4 n3-4n2+3n -6
 Friday, 18 March 2022
Exercise 15.2-15.3
Using a table if necessary, find the formula for the nth term for each sequence.

10,726,63,12Ctd=0 1 2 63 2
"2]
0+3b+C =f 37
20+2b = |2 18
60o
Un-n-1
 Friday, 18 March 2022
2 3,10,29, 66, 127
On-+2 ...3]
 Topic: Algebra Grade 9
Chapter 15.3 Exponential Sequences
Page 160-161
Friday, 18 March 2022
Exponential Sequence

So far we have looked at sequences where there is a common difference

between successive terms.
There are, however, other types of sequences, e.g. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32.
is
There clearly a pattern to the
way the numbers are generated as each term is
double the previous term, but there is no common difference.
A sequence where there is a common ratio (r) between successive terms is
known as an exponential sequence (or sometimes as a geometric
sequence)
4 8 16 32

X2 X2 X2 X2 r=2

27 9 3

x x x x r=