En et Y

-They are adverbial pronouns and replace both nouns and

places, quantities & objects of propositions
-Adverbial pronouns precede the verb in all tenses and moods
except the imperative
-En most commonly replaces de (or du) plus a noun, though can
replace just a noun or even a phrase
-Y most commonly replaces a preposition of place, usually à, +
its place but can also replace à + its indirect object

Exemples:

J’en ai deux -) I have two of them

J’y suis allé hier -) I went (there) yesterday

Je n’en sais rien -) I don’t know anything about that

Il y en a beaucoup -) There are a lot of them

Exercise Three
Mon journal prèféré, c’est le Monde Diplomatique. Je l’achète
tous les mois. Quand je le ai lu, je le apporte à ma mere. Je
le lui donne car elle collectionne les numéros. Elle les
classe par thèmes. Les journalistes sont très disponsibles:
quand je n’aime pas un article, je l’écris et ils me répondent
toujours.

Exercise Four
A. Utilise-en pour ta présentation
B. J’ai l’habitude de le lire
C. Achètes-en demain
D. Pense j’y

Sujet (performing the action) + Verbe (the action) +

Complément (finishes the sentence) = Sentence.

COD

COD - Complément d’objet direct:

-Answers the question of qui (who) & quoi (what)
-Never introduced by a proposition (à, de, après, à côté de,
au sujet de)
-Verb is a direct verb

Le chat (sujet) mange (verbe) la souris (complément) -) What

did the cat eat? The mouse. Therefore, the mouse is COD.

Arthur (sujet) cherche (verbe) son frère (complément) -) What

was Arthur searching for? His brother. Therefore, his brother
is COD.

When is COD used?

-Completing the sentence
-With compound tenses like passé composé the place of the COD
determines if the past participle will change or not
(agreement)

Marie a acheté des fleurs = Marie bought those flowers

Les fleurs que Marie a achetées = The flowers that Marie

bought

That COD (in this case, les fleurs) can also be in the form of
a direct object pronoun:

Marie les a achetées = Marie bought them

COI

COI - Complément d’objet indirect:

-Shows the object of the action but is introduced by a
preposition
-Answers the question of à qui (to who), à que(to what), de
qui (of who) and de quoi (of what), depending on the
proposition

Marie (sujet) parle (verbe) à sa soeur (complément) -) Who did

Marie talk to? Her sister. Therefore, “à sa soeur” is COI.

Arthur pense à son travail -) What did Arthur think of? His
work. Therefore, “à son travail” is COI.

Lucie parle de sa maison -) What did Lucie talk of (about)?

Her house. Therefore, “de sa maison” is COI.

When is COD used?

-Completing the sentence
-When the verb is used in the compound tenses like passé
composé, the place of the COI has no effect on the agreement
of the past participle

Arthur a pensé à une amie = Arthur thought about a friend

L’amie à qui Arthur a pensé = The friend who Arthur thought

about

Here, the past participle “pensé” stays unchanged.

If you know it’s a COI, you don’t need to agree the past
participle with the object of the verb.

Past participle signals either a compound verb or adjective

that is in the past tense. It is also used to form the passive
voice.

https://www.lawlessfrench.com/grammar/past-participle/
Réfléchis Pronoms:
-Reflexive pronouns
-Used to refer back to the original pronoun or the same person
in a sentence
-1st and 2nd person singular pronouns use “me” & “te” (normal)
as well as “m’” and “t’” (contracted) for use in front of
vowels or silent h
-3rd person singular & plural pronouns use “se” (normal) and
“s’” (contracted) for use in front of vowels or silent h

Exemples:
“Je me lève à 8h” -) “I get myself up at 8am”

“Nous nous connaissons” -) “We know each other”

Toniques Pronoms:
-Stressed pronouns
-Used to emphasise a point
-Sometimes refers back to the original pronoun/same person,
like reflexive pronouns
-Must agree with the subject or object in amount and gender so
two singular pronouns use their plural conjugation
-E.g. toi et moi would use the nous conjugation avons
-Can only refer to people

Exemples:
“Ça ne marche pas pour moi” - “It doesn’t work for me”
“Je ne sais pas, moi” - “I don’t know, me” (you wouldn’t
translate the me part but for the purpose of revision, I
included it)

“Il l’a fait lui-même” -) “He did it himself”

1. Nous nous levons à 7h tous les matins. Qu'en pensez-vous?

2. J’ai lui ai dit à temps
3. Si vous l'oubliez, vous ne pouvez pas étudier
4. Ils adorent aller au Japon et ils y vont très souvent
5. J'ai besoin d'ajouter le sel. Pouvez-vous m'en donner?

1. C'est de la publicité
2. Un bateau de croisière sur l’ocean, il y a les battements,
il y a l’ocean
3. Un croisière