3 - Critical reading is a more ACTIVE way of reading. It is a deeper and more complex engagement with a text.

Critical reading is a process of analyzing, interpreting, and, sometimes, evaluating.

4 - When we read critically, we use our critical thinking skills to QUESTION both the text and our own reading of it.
Different disciplines may have distinctive modes of critical reading (scientific, philosophical, literary, etc).

6 - Critical reading is important because it allows you to read and analyze a text critically,
breaking it down into its component parts and assessing its strengths and weaknesses. It
also helps you understand the author’s purpose in writing the text and how it relates to your
own life. As the process of reading texts with a focus on understanding and evaluating the
arguments and evidence presented, critical reading involves asking questions about the
text, making connections to other texts, and thinking critically about the author’s argument.

7 - Critical Thinking involves a series of complex thought processes that allows you to make
reasoned judgments, assess the way you think, and solve problems effectively

FLOW OF CRITICAL THINKING

8 - Components of Critical Thinking

1. Getting the Main Idea involves identifying the general idea in a text which may be explicitly or
implicitly stated

*Main idea is usually found in the beginning, middle, or end of the text.

2. Summarizing includes recalling all pertinent information and thinking about how to compact
them all in a summary

* Incorporate all important ideas and be guided by the WH questions.

3. Inferring is a process used by a reader to understand an idea that the author does not state
explicitly done by combining the reader's knowledge and background with details and clues
stated by the author

4. Drawing Conclusions is figuring out much more than what an author says directly and it is
usually done after reading the whole text

5. Analyzing sequence considers the order of arrangement of events present in the text

6. Determining Fact from Opinion

A remark that can be proven accurate or untrue is referred to be a fact. Facts shall be unbiased
as well and do not advocate a single point of view and offer facts objectively.

Opinion is an unverified idea; it may or may not prove to be true. Can be founded on facts or
emotions, and they sometimes can also be used to deceive people.

7. Understanding Cause and Effect involves identifying the event that causes another event

8. Comparing and Contrasting

Comparing is determining how things are the same.

Contrasting is what determines how things are different.

9. Identifying the problem and solution issues involves discussing complex and identifying
the solution. It is the process of identifying problems and their causes, developing and
evaluating possible solutions, and implementing an action or strategy based upon the analysis
in order to achieve a desired goal or outcome.

Recognizing the Explicit

- Explicit information is any idea that is stated. With explicit information, you see the text
explained! Since you are looking for explicit information in what is read, the explicit information
will be written in the text. There is no need to look for clues. Just read. If the information is
written, it is explicit.

Processing the Implicit

- Implicit information is understood but not stated. To find implicit information in what is read,
you will have to think about what you read. Look for clues as you read. Implicit information is not
written down.

Difference between inference and implicit information.

• Imply - If a speaker or writer implies something, they are suggesting it in an indirect way rather
than making an explicit statement. As a reader or listener, you are left to draw your own
conclusions from what has been said or hinted.
• Infer - When someone infers something, they reach a conclusion or decide that something is
true on the basis of the evidence available. If they are listening to or reading another person's
words, they come to a conclusion about what is meant even though the writer or speaker has
not stated this explicitly.

• He implied that the General had been a traitor.

[presented from the writer's or speaker's perspective]

• I inferred from his words that the General had been a traitor.

[presented from the listener's perspective]

• In the first sentence, the writer or speaker doesn't actually claim that the General had betrayed
his country, but his words (or even his tone) have suggested that this is the case.

• In the second sentence, whatever was said about the General has enabled the listener to
deduce that he was in fact a traitor (without the writer or speaker having risked a charge or libel
or slander).

CLAIM

-a single statement.

- the topic of an argument.

-not a question.

-phrased against the status quo.

- the central argument or thesis statement of the text. It is what the writer tries to prove in the
text by providing details, explanations, and other types of evidence.

Claim of Fact

Is a statement of something that has existed (past), exists (present) or will exist (future)

Claim of Value
A claim of value is based on preference such as likes /dislikes (good or bad)

Claim of Policy

Is a statement that indicates that an action must be taken in specific policies.

Characteristics of good claims

1. A claim should be argumentative and debatable.

2. A claim should be specific and focused.

3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.

4. A claim should be logical.

SHORT QUIZ!

1. This kind of claim is arguable since it is based on one’s subjective opinion, judgment,
appraisals, and evaluations. It can either be explicit or implicit. CLAIM OF VALUE.
2. This type of reading reflects on what the text does by making judgment. CRITICAL
READING.
3. It is identifying and recognizing the meaning of a text. SIMPLE READING.
4. Which statement is explicit: “If you don’t give me a pay rise, I’ll leave.” or “If you don’t
show more appreciation, I’ll review my options.” FIRST STATEMENT
5. Identify the kind of claim: “That debater is by far the best speaker in the competition.”
CLAIM OF VALUE.
6. This includes bringing to mind all relevant details and considering how to simplify them
into a summary. Summarizing
7. is understanding a lot more than what an author expresses directly. Usually, it is carried
out after reading the entire text. Drawing Conclusion

8-10. how does understanding the flow of critical thinking help in becoming a good critical
reader