INTRODUCTION

The national symbols of the Philippines consist of symbols that represent Philippine
traditions and ideals and convey the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity of the
Filipino people. Some of these symbols namely the national flag, the Great Seal, the coat of
arms, and the national motto are stated in the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines, which is
also known as Republic Act 8491. In the Constitution of the Philippines, the Filipino language is
stated as the national language of the Philippines. Aside from those stated symbols in the
Constitution and in Republic Act 8491, there are only six official national symbols of the
Philippines enacted through the law, namely Sampaguita as the national flower, narra as the
national tree, the Philippine eagle as the national bird, Philippine pearl as a national gem, arnis as
national martial art and sport and the Filipino Sign Language as the national sign language. Thus,
there is a total of twelve official national symbols passed through Philippine laws.

There are symbols such as the carabao (national animal), mango (national fruit), and
anahaw (national leaf) that are widely known as national symbols but have no laws recognizing
them as official national symbols. Even Jose Rizal, who is widely considered a national hero, has
not been declared officially a national hero in any existing Philippine law according to historical
experts. Although in 2003, Benigno Aquino Jr. was officially declared by President Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo as a national hero by executive order. A National Artist of the Philippines is a
rank or a title given to a Filipino citizen in recognition of the recipient's contributions to
Philippine arts and letters and they are not considered a national symbol that represents traditions
and ideals.

Through the years, there were attempts to make those traditional symbols official. One of
them is House Bill 3926, a bill proposed on February 17, 2014, by Bohol First District
Representative Rene Relampagos of the Philippine House of Representatives that sought to
declare, re-declare or recognize a number of national symbols. House Bill 3926 ("Philippine
National Symbols Act of 2014"), aimed to encourage nationalism and unity; guarantee respect,
preservation, and promotion of national symbols; and correct the "unofficial" status of the
symbols. Among the national symbols listed in the measure is Jose Rizal as the only historical
Filipino to be recognized as a national hero, adobo as the national food, and jeepney as the
national vehicle. It also includes the previous official national symbols, which were eleven

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during the filing of the bill. As of February 2014, the bill is still pending with the Committee on
Revision Laws of the House of Representatives and is not yet a law that would make the
proposed symbols official national symbols.

A Philippine national symbol will be considered official once it is declared through law
or a proclamation. National symbols such as the cariñosa, carabao, bangus (milkfish), and
anahaw (footstool palm) that are circulating through various sources have no official status and
have not been established by law. According to Nestor Castro, a Filipino cultural anthropologist,
most of these unofficial symbols were passed on as a tradition in schools at the start of the school
year when students were asked to buy posters containing the supposed national symbols. While
official national symbols are declared through the law, Castro and National Historical
Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) Section Chief Teodoro Atienza considered that the
public must be consulted first before the declaration of a national symbol.

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL TREE

Known as the National Tree of the Philippines,

Narra is a majestic reddish hardwood tree reflecting the
same resiliency and strength as that of the Filipino people.
It is an enormous tree with an asymmetrical corrugated
trunk growing up to 40 meters high, two meters in
diameter, or can even get larger as it grows older (up to 50-150 years). This trunk is vast, firm,
Figure 1. Narra Tree and durable, producing valuable timber for furniture
(Pterocarpus indicus) making. Narra has a thin flaky bark making it likely to
have limited fire tolerance. It has well-developed near-surface lateral roots that grow massive as
the tree matures. Narra’s leaves are compound-pinnate, bearing about 12 alternate leaflets. Each
leaflet is ovate to elliptic in shape with a semi-pointed tip and develops up to 55 centimeters
long, and 11 centimeters wide. Narra produces countless small fragrant yellow flowers usually in
April or May, but these flowers are normally short-lived and fall off nearly all at once creating a
bright and vibrant yellow surface in the surrounding area. Sturdy and strong, Narra symbolizes
the indomitable spirit and character of Filipinos. It became the national tree of the Philippines
during the time of Gov. Gen. Frank Murphy in 1934.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL LEAF

The Filipino word "Anahaw" (ana-how) are nice-

looking, tropical palm known for its round fan-shaped
leaves. Its leaf has some uses like fanning yourself during
hot days. The Tagalogs of Quezon Province even use it to
wrap their brown and delicious tikoy. Anahaw leaves are
also a widespread symbol in the Philippines that is often
Figure 2. Anahaw Leaf (Saribus used in awards and medals to represent high achievement,
rotundifolius) strength, and loyalty. The Anahaw leaf features a large,
round outline and is glossy green in color. It spreads out grandly from the center of the shaft and
opens to a full crest divided shallowly at the ends and is known to be one of the most beautiful
plants in the Philippines

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FRUIT

Succulent, meaty, sweet, nutritious, and deliciously

tempting, are just some words to describe Philippine
Mangoes. Mango or mangga in Filipino is the national
fruit of the Philippines and is the third most important fruit
crop of the country next to banana and pineapple. In the
Philippines alone, different varieties of mangoes grow which locals enjoy tremendously. The
Figure 3. Mango Fruit most common variety of mango in the Philippines is what
(Mangifera indica) Americans refer to as champagne mango. It is also called
Manila mango, Ataulfo mango (named after its Mexican grower), and Honey mango. For
Filipinos, it is managing kalabaw (carabao mango) while for commercial trade, the Philippine
government refers to it as ‘Manila Super Mango’ and is the country’s top export variety and is
considered one of the best mango varieties in the world.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANIMAL

The national animal of the Philippines is the

carabao. Its scientific name is Bubalus bubalis
carabanesis. It is found mostly in the southern part of the
country and is used for farming, transportation, and
pulling carts. The carabao is also known as a water buffalo
or wild water buffalo. The term carabao also refers to the name given to an ox-like beast in
Figure 4. Carabao (Bubalus Philippine mythology. The Philippines animal carabao is
bubalis carabanesis) basically a water buffalo that has been domesticated for
use as a working animal. They are also used to produce meat and milk products in Southeast
Asia. Carabao is a large bovine animal that is native to the Philippines. It also belongs to the
family of water buffalo and has a large body with a dark grey or brown coat. It has a big head
with thick horns and long ears. The male carabao is called a bull while the female carabao is
called a cow. Carabaos are very strong animals, but they’re also gentle and calm. They have long
horns that curve back over their heads and down to the ground behind them. The horns are
typically white or black, but sometimes they’re red or yellowish-brown in color as well.

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL DISH

Lechon is a very popular and famous food among

Filipinos. Lechon (litson in tagalong) is roasted whole pig
cooked over burning charcoals. It is a dish that is almost a
fixed part and menu centerpiece of any Filipino
celebration which is usually prepared for fiestas, family
celebrations (like parties and marriages), and also a favorite dish during Christmas. Lechon is the
Spanish name for pig, in the Philippines, it means a spit-
Figure 5. Roasted Pig
roasted pig. Lechon is prepared by filling the inside of the
animal pig with herbs and vegetables. The pigs are slowly hand roasted on top of charcoal for
hours till their skin turns reddish brown and the inside flesh becomes tender. Philippine Lechon
is often served with a thick liver sauce cooked with
vinegar, sugar, and herbs.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BIRD

The Philippine eagle has a distinctive look with an

impressive headdress of brown-streaked white feathers
that encircle the head. The chest feathers are bright white
and the wings are dark brown with a cream-colored
border. A strong black beak with a curved sharp end helps the birds devour their prey. The
females are actually a little larger than the males, sometimes by 10%. The Philippine eagle used
to be called the monkey-eating eagle because natives
Figure 6. Philippine Eagle
(Pithecophaga jefferyi) thought that these massive eagles only ate monkeys, but
that is untrue. They eat a variety of small mammals, birds,
and reptiles like flying squirrels, snakes, bats, other birds of prey, and even small deer. Philippine
eagles also eat monkeys like macaque and researchers have studied how they hunt together in
pairs with one creating a distraction and the other swooping down to catch the prey. The
Philippine Eagle is a symbol of strength and bravery. Its nickname is the “lord of the skies”. This
unique eagle only lives in the Philippines, making it a national treasure and worthy
representative of the national bird of the Philippines. In 1995, President Fidel V. Ramos signed

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 an official proclamation making the Philippine Eagle their
national bird.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FISH

The National Fish of The Philippines is the bangus.

It is closely related to the mullet but has a more rounded
body. The best season for Bangus is summer, but you can
also find them between January and March. Bangus can be
found in the Philippines and most countries around it. The most popular way of cooking bangles
is fried with garlic and onions. They are served whole or cut up into small pieces on hot rice or
Figure 7. Bangus (Chanos noodles. The bangus” is classified into 3 major regions in
chanos) the Philippines. “Albay, Iloilo, and Negros”. Here”s some
of the most popular types of bangus found in the
Philippines. It is a flatfish that has thin, oblique scales and fin rays. Bangus juveniles have few or
no scales. Bangus is usually taken between April and May, but the best season for Bangus is
summer. It can be found throughout the Philippines and most countries around it. Bangus
originally came from the Western Pacific and Indonesia.
Bangs can live up to 27 years.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HERO

The reformist writer Jose Rizal, today generally

considered the greatest Filipino hero and often given as
the Philippine national hero, has never been explicitly
proclaimed as the (or even a) national hero by the
Philippine government. Besides Rizal, the only other Filipino currently given implied
recognition as a national hero is Andrés Bonifacio, based on the Philippine government's policy

Figure 8. Portrait of José on national holidays. While other historical figures are
Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso commemorated in public municipal or provincial
Realonda
holidays. Only Rizal and Andrés Bonifacio to date are
commemorated in full or "regular" national holidays- the only ones, based on this metric. The
National Heroes Committee recommended Jose Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo,
Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, Juan Luna, Melchora

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 Aquino, and Gabriela Silang to be recognized as national
heroes on November 15, 1995.No action was taken on the
recommendation.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL SPORT OR MARTIAL

ARTS

Arnis enjoys the status of the de jure national sport

of the Philippines. It is a martial art characterized by the
use of “swinging and twirling movements, accompanied by striking, thrusting and parrying
techniques for defense and offense.” Having been handed down from generation to generation
for centuries, the discipline hones the skill, speed, accuracy, and agility of its practitioners. Arnis
Figure 9. Students practicing was developed by the indigenous populations of the
Arnis Philippines, who used an assorted range of weaponry for
combat and self-defense. Encompassing both simple impact and edged weapons, arnis
traditionally involved rattan, swords, daggers, and spears. In 1521, equipped with nothing more
than bladed weapons and their fearsome arnis abilities,
Filipino islanders defeated Ferdinand Magellan’s armored,
musket-bearing Spanish conquistador forces when they
tried to invade.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL CLOTHING FOR MEN

The barong tagalog, more commonly known simply

as barong (and occasionally baro), is an embroidered long-
sleeved formal shirt for men and a national dress of the Philippines. Barong Tagalog combines
elements from both the precolonial native Filipino and colonial Spanish clothing styles. It is
traditionally made with sheer textiles (nipis) woven from piña or abacá; although in modern
times, cheaper materials like organza silk, ramie, or polyester are also used. It is a common

Figure 10. Barong Tagalog formal or semi-formal attire in Filipino culture and is
worn untucked over an undershirt with belted trousers and
dress shoes. Baro't saya is the feminine equivalent of barong Tagalog, with the Maria Clara gown
being the formal variant of the latter. Barong Tagalog was also known as camisa fuera ("outer
shirt") in Philippine Spanish. Barong Tagalog is a formal shirt usually made of sheer lightweight

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 but stiff fabric known as nipis (usually woven from piña or
abacá fibers). When using sheer fabrics, it is worn over an
undershirt known as the camisón or camiseta, which can
have short or long sleeves.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL CLOTHING FOR

WOMEN
The baro’t saya or baro at saya (literally "blouse and
skirt") is a traditional dress ensemble worn by women in
the Philippines. It is a national dress of the Philippines and combines elements from both the
precolonial native Filipino and colonial Spanish clothing styles. It traditionally consists of four
parts: a blouse (baro or camisa), a long skirt (saya or
Figure 11. Baro at Saya falda), a kerchief worn over the shoulders (pañuelo, fichu,
or alampay), and a short rectangular cloth worn over the
skirt (the tapis or patadyong). The baro't saya has multiple variants, known under the collective
term Filipiniana, including the aristocratic traje de mestiza
(also called the Maria Clara); the Visayan kimona with its
short-sleeved or poncho-like embroidered blouse paired
with a patadyong skirt; as well as the unified gown known
as the terno, and its casual and cocktail dress version, the
balintawak. The masculine equivalent of the baro't saya is
the barong tagalog.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL DANCE
Tinikling is a traditional Philippine folk dance
which originated during the Spanish colonial era. The
dance involves at least two people beating, tapping, and sliding bamboo poles on the ground and
against each other in coordination with one or more dancers who step over and in between the
poles in a dance. It is traditionally danced to rondalla music, a sort of serenade played by an
ensemble of stringed instruments which originated in Spain during the Middle Ages; that is why
unlike other bamboo dances found around the world, Tinikling is the only bamboo dance that has
Spanish influence. The locomotor movements used in this
Figure 12. Tinikling Dance dance are hopping, jumping, and turning. Two or four
Performance parallel pairs of bamboo poles, each around 6 to 12 ft (1.8
to 3.7 m) long, are held by two or more sitting or kneeling
people ("clappers" or "clickers"). The poles are used as percussive instruments accompanying
rondalla music played with string instruments (usually bandurrias, guitars, laúdes, octavinas, or
ukuleles). They produce clapping sounds as they are struck against the ground (or two raised
pieces of wood) and each other in a triple meter pattern. Traditionally, the poles are tapped twice
on the ground on the first two beats, then brought together on the third beat.

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 When performed by dance troupes or in cultural shows, Tinikling is typically performed
in the "Rural Suite," which includes dances originating from Filipino Christians that have a
“folksier” character. These dances originate mostly from the islands of Visayas and Luzon and
imitate the simplicity and joy of the lifestyle of the Filipino villagers living in those regions
during the Spanish period. Other Filipino folk dances of this category include Sayaw sa Bangko,
Maglalatik, and Pandanggo sa Ilaw.

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FLOWER

The national flower of the Philippines is the

Sampaguita. It’s commonly known as Asian jasmine,
Arabian jasmine, sacred jasmine, or Asiatic jasmine.
Although it has many names, it’s the only official national
flower of the Philippines. Sampaguita sits in the Oleaceae
family, and although it’s the national flower of the
Figure 13. Sampaguita Philippines, it’s not a native. Scientists aren’t sure exactly
(Jasminum sambac) where sambac jasmine originates because it’s been traded
and cultivated for thousands of years. Jasmine Sampaguita was chosen as the national flower of
the Philippines when the United States controlled the area. In February 1934, the American
Governor-General Frank Murphy chose it to represent the people because it’s a Filipino symbol
of purity, simplicity, humility, and strength, and it’s also the subject of many Filipino legends.
This shrub is super tough, as we can see from the ease it has colonized so many landmasses, but
it’s also fragrant and beautiful.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL VEHICLE

Kalesa (from the Spanish word calesa) was first

introduced to the Philippines in the 1700s by the Spanish.
It became the major public and private form of transport in
the Philippines up until the early 20th century. It was also
used to transport goods. They were manufactured by
traditional workshops known as karoserya. The use of the

Figure 14. Kalesa on the road kalesa declined in the mid-20th century when mass public
transportation was largely taken over by motorized
jeepneys and tricycles. Pressure to phase out kalesa began in the 1940s when the 7000 or so
kalesa’s still operating in Manila started holding up motorized traffic. Kalesa in modern times is
largely only used as a tourist attraction. They are still preserved in some areas of the Philippines,
such as in San Fernando, Pampanga, Vigan, and Laoag.

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL ANTHEM

"Lupang Hinirang" ("Chosen Land"),

originally titled in Spanish as "Marcha Nacional
Filipina" ("Philippine National March"), and
commonly and informally known by its incipit
"Bayang Magiliw" ("Beloved Country"), is the
national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was
composed in 1898 by Julián Felipe, and the lyrics
were adopted from the Spanish poem "Filipinas",
written by José Palma in 1899. The composition
known as "Lupang Hinirang" was commissioned on
June 5, 1898, by Emilio Aguinaldo, head of the
Dictatorial Government of the Philippines, as a
ceremonial and instrumental national march without
lyrics, similar to the status of the "Marcha Real" in
Figure 15. Lupang Hinirang lyrics Spain. It was first performed in public during the
proclamation of Philippine independence at
Aguinaldo's residence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898. It was re-adopted as the national
march of the Philippine Republic (Spanish: República Filipina) in 1899.

Following the defeat of the First Republic in the Philippine–American War and the
subsequent colonial rule of the United States, the Flag Act of 1907 prohibited the public display
of flags, banners, emblems, or devices used by the Philippine Republican Army during the war.
Under the Flag Act, public performance of the national march was prohibited. Upon repeal of the
Flag Act in 1919, the national march regained its popular status as the national anthem of the
Philippines. Following the establishment of self-rule under the Commonwealth of the
Philippines, Commonwealth Act No. 382, approved on September 5, 1938, officially adopted the
musical arrangement and composition by Julián Felipe as the national anthem.

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL GEM

The color of south sea pearls is white to golden.

Their extraordinary sizes are normally large which is
between 9mm to as much as 19mm which made Philippine
pearls very expensive. South Sea Pearl is very valuable. Its
beauty and elegant gleam honor its reputation as "the
queen of pearls". There are two basic groups of Philippine
Figure 16. Philippine Pearl or South Sea cultured pearls: white and black. Their colors
South Sea Pearl range from white and silvery blue to pale gold. The
golden or light-yellowish varieties abound in Philippine and Indonesian waters while white or
silvery hues occur mainly in Australian waters. The passing of decades has documented the
majestic presence and relevance of the pearl as this precious gem is deeply rooted in the heart of
the nation’s history.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL LANGUAGE

Filipino is a language under the Austronesian

language family. It is the national language (Wikang
Pambansa / Pambansang wika) of the Philippines, and one
of the two official languages of the country, English. It is a
standardized variety of Tagalog based on the native
dialect, spoken and written, in Metro Manila, the National
Figure 17. Ticket on Celebrating Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the
Wikang Filipino Event
archipelago. The 1987 Constitution mandates that Filipino
be further enriched and developed by the other languages of the Philippines, Filipino is only used
as a tertiary language in the Philippine public sphere. Filipino, like other Austronesian languages,
commonly uses verb-subject-object order, but can also use subject-verb-object order as well.
Filipino follows the trigger system of morphosyntactic alignment that is also common among
Austronesian languages. It has head-initial directionality. It is an agglutinative language but can
also display inflection.

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 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FLAG

The national flag of the Philippines (Filipino:

Pambansang watawat ng Pilipinas) is a horizontal bicolor
flag with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red, with a
white, equilateral triangle at the hoist. In the center of the
triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays,
each representing a province. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow star,

Figure 18. Philippine Pearl or each of which represents one of the country's three main
South Sea Pearl island groups—Luzon, Visayas (though originally
referring to the island of Panay), and Mindanao. The
white triangle at the hoist represents liberty, equality, and fraternity. A unique feature of this flag
is its usage to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top, which is
effectively achieved by flipping the flag upside-down. The idea of coming up with a new flag
was reached during the preparation of the second phase of the Philippine Revolution. It was
personally conceived by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the Revolutionary Government,
and sewn at 535 Morrison Hill Road, Hongkong by Mrs. Marcela Marino Agoncillo - wife of the
first Filipino diplomat Felipe Agoncillo, with the help of her daughter Lorenza and Mrs. Delfina
Herbosa Natividad, niece of Dr. Jose Rizal and wife of
Gen. Salvador Natividad.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL FOOTWEAR

Bakya or wooden clogs footwear is made from local

light wood like santol and laniti. It is cut to the desired
foot size before being shaven until smooth. The side of the
bakya is thick enough to be carved with floral, geometric
or landscape designs. Afterward, the bakya could then be painted or varnished. Uppers of plastic
or rubber will then be fixed firmly using clavitos or tiny nails and the bakya is now ready to

Figure 19. Bakya Sandals wear. The word bakya may also be used in the Philippines
to indicate something that is of "low class",
"unsophisticated" or "cheap".

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CONCLUSION

Throughout the history of legislation in the Philippines, attempts were made to expand
the list of official national symbols. In February 2013, the Philippine Senate passed a bill
declaring waling-waling (Vanda sanderiana) as the national flower alongside Sampaguita. A
similar bill in the House of Representatives had already been passed in 2012. Normally, the bill
would become law after being signed by the President. However, it was vetoed by President
Benigno Aquino III. The veto did not grant the waling-waling as the second national flower due
to the confusion that it would create.

Concluding based on my research some political personnel are using their power to
publish symbols based on their liking. A year later, on February 17, 2014, Representative Rene
Relampagos, a congressman from the First District of Bohol, introduced legislation in the
Philippine House of Representatives that sought to declare, re-declare or recognize a number of
national symbols. House Bill 3926 or the "Philippine National Symbols Act of 2014" aimed to
encourage nationalism and unity; guarantee respect, preservation, and promotion of national
symbols; and correct the "unofficial" status of the symbols. It listed 26 symbols including the
previous eleven official national symbols. The bill is not yet a law that would make those
symbols official because it is still pending with the House of Representatives Committee on
Revision Laws. In February 2016, the House of Representatives approved the final reading of
House Bill 6366, which declared the ancient boat balangay as the national boat of the
Philippines. In April 2018, the House Committee on Basic Education and Culture approved
House Bill 1022, seeking to declare baybayin, a pre-Hispanic writing system used in the
Philippines, as the country's national writing system. As of 2019, both pieces of legislation are
still unresolved as Senate concurrence and a presidential signature is pending.

The national symbols of the Philippines consist of symbols that represent Philippine
traditions and ideals and convey the principles of sovereignty and national solidarity of the
Filipino people. It should be respected and well-decided. It depicts our heritage, history and
nationalism.

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