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Pedia Notes PDF
Pedia Notes PDF
WATERLOWE CLASSIFICATION
STUNTING WASTING
NORMAL >95% >90%
MILD 87.5% - 95% 80-90%
MODERATE 80% - 87.5% 70-80%
SEVERE <80% <70%
STUNTING = . Actual height . x 100
Ideal height
WASTING = . Actual weight . x 100
Ideal weight
CLINICAL FEATURES OF DEHYDRATION
PARAMETERS NO SIGNS SOME SIGNS SEVERE
Condition Well, alert Restless, irritable Lethargic or unconscious
Eyes Normal sunken Very sunken and dry
Tears Present Absent Absent
Mouth/ tongue Moist Dry Very dry
Thirst Drinks normally, Thirsty, drinks eagerly Drinks poorly or not able
not thirsty to drink
Skin pinch Goes back quickly Goes back slowly Goes back very slowly
Heart Rate Normal Slightly increased Rapid, Weak
Systolic BP Normal Normal to Orthostatic, Hypotension
>10mmHg change
Urine output Decreased Moderately decreased Marked decrease, Anuria
Anterior Normal Normal to sunken Sunken
Fontanel
PNEUMONIA MALARIA (high risk)
Severe pneumonia - Any general danger sign Very Severe - Any general danger sign
or Very Severe - Chest indrawing Febrile Malaria - stiff neck
disease - Stridor in calm child Malaria - Blood smear (+)
Pneumonia - Fast breathing - If clood smear not done:
No Pneumonia - No signs of pneumonia OR No runny nose
Coughs and Colds - Very severe disease No measles
No other cause of fever
DENGUE No fast breathing/
Severe Dengue - Bleeding nose, gums, pneumonia
vomitus, stool MALARIA (low risk)
- Petechiae in the skin Very severe - Any general danger sign
- Signs of shock febrile Malaria - stiff neck
- Cold clammy extremities Malaria - No runny nose
- Slow capillary refill - No measles
- Persistent abdominal pain - No other cause of fever
- Persistent vomiting FEVER; Malria - Presence of:
- Tourniquet test positive unlikely Runny nose
FEVER: DHF - No signs of severe dengue Measles
unlikely hemorrhagic fever Other causes of fever
MEASLES EAR INFECTION
Severe - Any general danger sign Mastoiditis - Tender swelling behind
Complicated - Clouding of cornea the ear
Measles - Deep extensive mouth Acute Ear - Pus is seen draining from
ulcer Infection the ear and discharge is
Measles w/ Eye or - Pus draining from the eye reported for less than 14
mouth - Mouth ulcer days
complication - Ear pain
Measles - Measles now or within the Chronic Ear - Pus is seen draining from
last 3 months Infection the ear and discharge is
reported for 14 days or
MALNUTRITION more
Severe - Visible severe wasting No Ear Infection - No ear pain and No pus
Malnutrition - Edema of both feet seen draining from the
Very LOW weight - Very low weight for age ear
NOT very low - Not very low weight for
weight age and no other signs or ANEMIA
malnutrition Severe Anemia - Severe palmar pallor
Anemia - Some palmar pallor
NO Anemia - No palmar pallor
WONG-BAKER FACES PAIN RATING SCALE
APGAR SCORE
0 1 2
APPEARANCE Blue Pink Completely Pink
PULSE RATE (-) <100 >100
GRIMACE (-) Grimace Cry,Cough
ACTIVITY Limp Some Flexion Active
RESPIRATION (-) Slow, irregular Good, Strong Cry
AT I MINUTE – Need for resuscitation
AT 5 MINUTES – adequacy of resuscitation SCORE:
CYANOTIC BABY: 7-10 Good
If CR < 80/min, do chest compressions, if still <80/min: intubate 4-6 Borderline
If still <80/min: Lidocaine, Atropine, Naloxone, Epinenphrine (LANE) 0-3 High Risk
BALLARD SCORE
MATURITY RATING
SCORE WEEKS SCORE WEEKS SCORE WEEKS
-10 20 15 30 40 40
-5 22 20 32 45 42
0 24 25 34 50 44
5 26 30 36
10 28 35 38
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
PHILIPPINES EPI VACCINES
1. BCG 5. OPV/IPV
2. Hepatitis B 6. Rotavirus
3. DPT 7. Measles/MMR
4. Hib
BCG
ROUTE: ID (deltoid)
After birth w/in first 2 months of life
PPD is recommended:
o Suspected congenital TB
o Hx of close contact to known or suspected infectious cases of TB
o Clinical findings suggestive of TB and/or CXR suggestive of TB
0.05ml <12 months and 0.1ml =/>12 months
HEPATITIS B
ROUTE: IM (0.5ml)
1st dose within the first 12 hours of life.
Subsequent doses are given at least 4 weeks apart, with the 3rd dose preferably not
given earlier than 24 weeks of age
4th dose is needed for the following:
o Paientss using EPI schedule of birth, 6 and 14 wks
o Preterms <2kgs whose 1st dose was given at birth
If mother HBsAg (+), administer HBV and HBIg (0.5ml) within 12 hours of life.
MILK FORMULA
PT: 0.8 cal/ml 24/30cc
T: 0.6 cal/ml 20/30cc
LUDAN’S
<2yo or <10kg >2yo or >10kg
Mild 50/8 30/8
Moderate 100/8 60/8
¼ PLR x 1 h ¼ PLR x 1h
¾ 0.3 x 7h ¾ 0.3 x 7h
Severe 150/8 90/8
1/3 PLR x 1h 1/3 PLR x 1h
2/3 0.3 x 7h 2/3 0.3 x 7h
>1kg – D10
2nd day <1kg – D5 0.3 or D5IMB
0.3 or D10IMB
ELECTROLYTES
CREATININE CLEARANCE: =. (140 - Age) x BW .
0.72 or 0.85 x Creatinine
SERUM OSMOLARITY (mmol/L): = 2 Na + BUN +RBS
Na DEFICIT: = 0.6 or 0.5 x (Weight in kg) x (Desired Na – Actual Na)
TIME NEEDED TO INFUSE: =. Desired Na – Actual Na .
0.5 meqs/L/hr
TIME NEEDED TO CORRECT (SC): =. Desired Na – Actual Na .
10 meqs/L/hr x 24 hours
AMOUNT OF PNSS NEEDED: =. Computed Na Deficit .
154
DRIP RATE: =. Amount of PNSS needed .
Time Needed
K DEFICIT: =. Desired K – Actual K .
0.27
REMEMBER:
We can only correct 10 – 12 meqs Na deficit per day
If with severe hyponatremia, we can correct by 0.5 – 1 meq/L/hour
SODIUM CORRECTION
Na Correction M: 2-3 meqs/day
= Desired – Actual x 0.6 x wt + (wt x 2)
Ex. 15kg Na: 128 TFR 30/8 (56cc/hr)
Na deficit: 15 x 0.6 x (135-128) = 63
Na maintenance (2 x BW) = 30
93
Using D5 0.9NaCl: If using D5 0.3 NaCl: Better using D5 0.45 or
93 x 1000 = 603 cc of D5 93 x 1000 = 1823 cc decrease the IV rate.
154 0.9NaCl 51 CORRECTION IDEAL:
Minimal in >24 hours
133 meq: 24hrs = 5.5 meq/hour
Correction will be finished Correction will be finish in 180: 5.5meq = 32 hours
in: 603 / 56 =10hrs (too 32hrs (too slow) CORRECTION IDEAL:
fast) Minimal in >24 hours
POTASSIUM CORRECTION
K Correction 3.5-5.5 = N
3 – 3.4 = 5%
2.5 – 2.9 = 10%
2 – 2.4 = 15%
<2.0 = 20%
K Infusion Rate: 0.2-0.5 meqs/k/h Ex. 15 kg K: 1.2 TFR 75 (46cc/hr)
Wt x 50 = ____ meqs K deficit: 15 x 0.20 x 50 = 150
Def: vol x % = cc K maintenance 2 x BW = 30
M: wt x (2-3) = cc 180
Try to compute with max dose of KCl
K Infusion Rate: 0.02-0.04 meq/k/h incorp 6 meq/100cc IVF (Peripheral line)
M: 2- 4 mkd K Infusion Rate: 0.2 – 0.5 meq/kg/hr
Peripheral 6 meqs 46cc x 24 x 6 = 66 meq/day
Central 8 meqs 100
(KIR = 66: 24hr: 15kg = 0.18) if using mild
hydration
ELECTROLYTE COMPONENT
Dextrose Na (mEq) K (mEq) Cl (mEq) Lactate Other (mEq)
LRS 130 4 109 28 Ca -3
NSS 154 154
D5 IMB 50 25 20 22 23 Mg – 3;
PO4 - 3
D5 NM 50 40 13 40 16 Mg – 3;
Acetate - 26
D5 NR 50 140 5 98 50 Mg – 3;
Acetate – 26;
Gluconate - 23
D5 LRS 50 130 4 109 28 Ca - 3
D5 0.3% NaCl 50 51 - 51 -
D5 0.45% NaCl 50 77 - 77 -
D5 0.9% NaCl 50 154 - 154 -
CONTINUOUS FEVER –daily fluctuation exceed 1 C (<1.5 F)
REMITTENT FEVER – daily fluctuation exceed 2C (>1.5 F) but never touch normal
INTERMITTENT FEVER – temperature touching normal for a part of the day