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PEDIATRIC DRUGS

DRUG DOSE PREPARATION


IV: 30 mkD q8 x 7 – 10 days
PO: 80 mkD QID x 5 days
ADULT: 800 mg 5x/D for 7 days 200mg cap
Acyclovir
CHILDREN: > 6 YRS OLD: 800 mg 200mg/5ml
2 - 6 YRS OLD: 400 mg
< 2 YRS OLD: 200 mg
30mg tablet
Ambroxol Hydrochloride 1.2-1.6 mkD
15mg/5ml
50mg/ml
Amikacin 15-22.5 mkD q8 125mg/ml
250mg/ml
LD: 6 mkDose
Aminophylline
MD: 2.5 mkDose q12
250mg cap
Amoxicillin 25-50 mkD q8 500mg cap
125/250mg/5ml
<3 MONTHS: 30 mkD q12 TID: 125/31.25
Amoxicillin-Clavulanic 250/62.5mg
>3 MONTHS: 20-40mkD q8 or
Acid
25-45 mkD q12 BID: 200/28.5
(Co-amoxiclav)
IV: 30 – 50 mkD q8 400/57mg
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
100-200 mkD q6
250mg vial
Ampicillin MENINGITIC DOSE:
500mg vial
200-400 mkD q4-q6
375mg:
IV-IM:
125mg sulbactam
100-200 mkD q6
Ampicillin-Sulbactam 250mg ampicillin
MENINGITIC DOSE:
750mg: 250/500
200-400mkD q4-q6
1.5g: 500/1000
250mg tab
Azithromycin 10 mkD OD x 3 days 500mg tab
100mg/5ml
1 cc/k/d
Calcium gluconate < 3 YRS OLD: 2-5 tsp
4-12 YRS OLD: 2-3 tbsp
250mg cap
Cefaclor 500mg cap
20-40 mkD q8
(2nd Generation) 50mg/ml drops
125mg/5ml 250mg/5ml
500mg
Cefazolin 50-100 mkD q8
1g vial
100 mkD q12
Cefepime 500mg
th MENINGITIC DOSE:
(4 Generation) 1g vial
150 mkD q8
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
Cefixime 8 mkD q12-24 20mg/ml
(3rd Generation) TYPHOID: 20 mkD 100mg/5ml
250mg
Cefazidime 500mg
90-150 mkD q8
(3rd Generation) 1g
2g
Cefotaxime
rd 50 - 100 mkD q12
(3 Generation)
250mg
Ceftriaxone 50-75 mkD q12-24
500mg
(3rd Generation) NEONATES: 20 - 50 mkD
1g vial
125mg/5ml
Cefuroxime IV: 75-150 mkD q8 250mg/5ml
(2nd Generation) PO: 20mkD q12 250mg
500mg
Cefalexin
25-100 mkD q6 125/250/5ml
(1st Generation)
6 MONTHS - 2YRS OLD:
2.5mg OD 5mg tab
1 – 5 YRS OLD: 10mg tab
Cetirizine 5mg/5ml
2-5mg OD/ 5 drops BID
> 6 YRS OLD: 2.5mg/ml drops
5-10mg/ 10 drops BID
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
IV: 50-75mkD q6
MENINGITIC DOSE:
75-100 mkD q6 125/5ml susp
Chlorampenicol FULL TERM – 2 WEEKS 1g vial
20-50 mkd
PRETERM – NEWBORN
25 mkd q6
Cimetidine 5 mkDose
100mg
IV: 10-20 mkD q12
Ciprofloxacin 250mg
PO: 20-30 mkD q12
500mg
Cisapride 0.1-0.3 mkD TID - QID for GERD
125mg/5ml
Clarithromycin 15 mkD q12 250mg/5ml
250mg tab 500mg tab
IV/IM: 25-40 mkD q6-q8
Clindamycin 75mg/5ml
PO: 10-30 mkD q6-8
Cloxacillin 50 - 100 mkD q6
IV/PO: 80 TMP/400SMX
Co-trimoxazole
8-10 mkD q12 based on TMP 40/200/5ml
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
BPD:
0.5 mkD x 3 days then 0.4, 0.3, 0.2 then
DC for a total of 15 days or 2 weeks
Dexamethasone LARYNGEAL EDEMA:
0.3 mkD then 0.1 mkD or 0.5 - 1 mkD q6
beginning 24h prior to extubation
continued for 4-6 doses
IV: 0.2 -0.5 mkD 10mg/2ml amp
Diazepam
PER RECTUM: 0.5 mkD 2.5mg rectal gel
12.5/5 ml
IV: 1-2 mkD q6 25mg tab
Diphenhydramine
PO: 3-5 mkD q6 50mg tab
50mg/ml amp
Domperidone 0.3 - 0.6 mkDose TID AC
IV: 0.01 mg/kg
1:10,000 solution
Epinehrine
ET: 0.1 mg/kg
1:1,000 solution
250/5ml
Erythromycin 30-50 mkD q6 500mg tab
40mg/5ml
IV: 0.6 - 0.8 mkD q8-12 10mg
Famotidine 20mg
PO: 1-1.2 mkD q8-12
40mg
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
30mg/5ml
Ferrous Sulfate 3-6 mkD OD-TID 15mg/ml drops
20mg/2ml
IV: 0.5-2 mkD q6-12
Furosemide 20mg
PO: 1-6 mkD q12-24 40mg
Gentamycin 7.5 mkD q8
LD: 4-8 mkD 100mg
Hydrocortisone 250mg vial
MD: 8 mkD q6 (MCU 5mkD)
10mg/5ml
10mg
Hydroxyzine 2 mkD q6-8 25mg
50mg
100mg/5ml
200mg/5mll
Hydroxyzine 2 mkD q6-8 40mg/ml
100mg tablet
200mg tablet
Ibuprofen
10 - 20 mkD q6
100 mg/5mL
Imipinem 15 mkDose q8 - q6
0.2 mkDose x 3 doses q8
PDA: Extended dose - 5 doses more
Indomethacin OD or repeat the initial dose
0.1 mkD OD q6 days
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
Isoniazid 5-10 mkD OD
> 12 YRS OLD: 1 tab OD, 10 mL OD
2 - 12 YRS OLD: > 30 kg = 10 mL
Loratidine
< 30 kg = 5 mL
1 - 2 YRS OLD: 2.5 mL OD
0.2 cc/kg dose IV + equal amount of DH2O
200 mg = 0.8 mmol/L
Magnesium in 200 mg/0.8 mmol = 250mg/X
pulmonary HPN X = 1 mmol
1 mmol = 1 mL
DOSE: 0.2 mkDose q8
Mannitol 1 - 2 cc/k
50mg/ml
100mg q12 BID x 3 days
20mg/5ml
Mebendazole or
100mg tablet
500mg OD 500mg tablet
> 3 MONTHS:
60 mkD q8
Meropenem 1g
MENINGITIC DOSE:
120 mkD q8
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
Metoclopramide 0.1 - 0.3 mkD TID - QID for GERD
125mg/5ml
Metronidazole 35-50 mkD q8 x 10 days 250mg
500mg
Midazolam 0.1 - 0.3 mkDose
2-5 YRS OLD: 4mg
Monteleukast 6-14 YRS OLD: 5mg
>15 YRS OLD: 10mg
Mycostatin 50000 u/k/dose
Nalidixic acid PO: 50 - 55 mkD q6
Naloxone 0.1 mkDose
Netilmycin 10 - 20 mkD q12 - q8
PO: 50-100 mkD q6
Oxacillin/ Cloxacillin 500mg 125mg/5ml
IM-IV: 100-200 mkD q4-6
Paracetamol PO/IV: 10-20 mkD q4-6
Penicillin G IM/IV: 100,000-400,000 1m units/vial
125mg/5ml
250mg/5ml
Penicillin V 25-50 mkD q6-8
250mg capsule
500mg capsule
LD: 10 - 20 mg
Phenobarbital
MD: 300 mg
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
<6 MONTHS OLD:
150-300mkD q6-8 2g/250mg
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
> 6MONTHS OLD: 4g/500mg
300-400mkD q6-8
ASTHMA:
2 mkD q12-24
Prednisone
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
0.5-2 mkD q12-24
Pyrazinamide 15 - 30 mkD OD - BID
IV: 2-4 mkD q6-8 (MCU 1 mkD PO)
Ranitidine 15mg/ml
PO: 2-4 mkD q12
Rifampicin 10 - 20 mkD OD
0.1 mkD 16-8
Salbutamol 2mg/5ml
1-2 puffs q4-6 PRN
100 mkDose q12
Reconstitute 2g/vial with 10 cc H2O
for single injection get desired mL
form the reconstituted solution.
Tazocin Dilute further with 10 cc DW to run
for 30 min
VLBW: 50 mkDose q8
DRUG DOSE PREPARATION
Terbutaline PO: 0.075 mkDose
Theophylline 2.5 mkDose q12
Tobramycin 5 - 8 mkD q12
15 mkD q6-8
Vancomycin 500mg
30 – 40 mkd
10-20mg/day 10mg/ml
Zinc Sulfate
10 mkd 20mg/5ml

MKD COMPUTATION NOTES


EXAMPLE #1: Wt = 12kg Drug prep = Amoxicillin 250/5mL

12kg x 50mg/kg x . 5ml . = 12ml = 3ml/dose


day 250mg 3

EXAMPLE #2: 15kg child given 7mL of Paracetamol 250mg/5mL

250mg x 7ml = 350mg = 23mg/kg  Overdose


5ml 15kg

30-50 mkd  CMEAT (Co-amoxiclav, Metronidazole, Erythromycin,


Amoxicillin, Tetracycline)
All anti-TB drugs are bactericidal except Pyrazinamide
ANTROPOMETRICS: ADULT
BMI = . Weight (kg) .
Height2 (m2)
BMI CLASSIFICATION BMI
UNDERWEIGHT < 18.5
NORMAL 18.5 – 22.9
OVERWEIGHT 23 – 24.9
OBESE 1 25 – 29.9
OBESE 2 30 – 32
OBESE 3 > 32
IBW (< 5 FEET) = Height (cm) – 100- 10% of (Height – 100)
IBW (MALE) = 106lbs for the first 5 feet + 6lbs for every inch more than 5 feet
IBW (FEMALE) = 100lbs for the first 5 feet + 5lbs for every inch more than 5 feet
CALORIC REQUIREMENT = IBW + Activity
ACTIVITY kcal/kg BW
BEDREST 20
SEDENTARY 30
LIGHT WORK 35
MODERATE 40
HEAVY 45
DM DIET = 65% CHO 15% CHON 20% FAT
NORMAL DIET = 50-60% CHO 10-15% CHON 20-25% FAT
ANTROPOMETRICS: WEIGHT
Average birth weight: 3000 g
< 6 months (in grams) Age in months x 600 + BW
6-12 months (in grams) Age in months x 500 + BW
2-6 years (in kilograms) (Age in years x 2) + 8
6-12 years (in kilograms) . (Age in years x 7) – 5 .
2
ANTROPOMETRICS: WEIGHT
At 4-5 months 2 x BW
At 1 year 3 x BW
At 2 years 4 x BW
At 3 years 5 x BW
At 5 years 6 x BW
At 7 years 7 x BW
At 10 years 10 x BW
ANTROPOMETRICS: LENGTH
Average birth length: 50 cm or 20 inches
From birth to 3 months 9 cm
From 3-6 months 8 cm
From 6-9 months 5 cm
From 9-12 months 3 cm
HEIGHT IN CENTIMETERS = age in years x 5 +80
HEIGHT IN INCHES = age in years x 2 +32
ANTROPOMETRICS: HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE
1st 4 months ½ inch/month  2 inches (5 cm)
Next 8 months ¼ inch/month  2 inches (5 cm)
2nd year 1 inch (2.5 cm)
3rd to 5th years ½ inch/yr  1.5 inches (3.8 cm)
6th to 28th years ½ inch/5 yrs  1.5 inches (3.8 cm)
CATCH-UP GROWTH
= . Calculated weight for age . x IBW for height
Actual body weight

WATERLOWE CLASSIFICATION
STUNTING WASTING
NORMAL >95% >90%
MILD 87.5% - 95% 80-90%
MODERATE 80% - 87.5% 70-80%
SEVERE <80% <70%
STUNTING = . Actual height . x 100
Ideal height
WASTING = . Actual weight . x 100
Ideal weight
CLINICAL FEATURES OF DEHYDRATION
PARAMETERS NO SIGNS SOME SIGNS SEVERE
Condition Well, alert Restless, irritable Lethargic or unconscious
Eyes Normal sunken Very sunken and dry
Tears Present Absent Absent
Mouth/ tongue Moist Dry Very dry
Thirst Drinks normally, Thirsty, drinks eagerly Drinks poorly or not able
not thirsty to drink
Skin pinch Goes back quickly Goes back slowly Goes back very slowly
Heart Rate Normal Slightly increased Rapid, Weak
Systolic BP Normal Normal to Orthostatic, Hypotension
>10mmHg change
Urine output Decreased Moderately decreased Marked decrease, Anuria
Anterior Normal Normal to sunken Sunken
Fontanel
PNEUMONIA MALARIA (high risk)
Severe pneumonia - Any general danger sign Very Severe - Any general danger sign
or Very Severe - Chest indrawing Febrile Malaria - stiff neck
disease - Stridor in calm child Malaria - Blood smear (+)
Pneumonia - Fast breathing - If clood smear not done:
No Pneumonia - No signs of pneumonia OR  No runny nose
Coughs and Colds - Very severe disease  No measles
 No other cause of fever
DENGUE  No fast breathing/
Severe Dengue - Bleeding nose, gums, pneumonia
vomitus, stool MALARIA (low risk)
- Petechiae in the skin Very severe - Any general danger sign
- Signs of shock febrile Malaria - stiff neck
- Cold clammy extremities Malaria - No runny nose
- Slow capillary refill - No measles
- Persistent abdominal pain - No other cause of fever
- Persistent vomiting FEVER; Malria - Presence of:
- Tourniquet test positive unlikely  Runny nose
FEVER: DHF - No signs of severe dengue  Measles
unlikely hemorrhagic fever  Other causes of fever
MEASLES EAR INFECTION
Severe - Any general danger sign Mastoiditis - Tender swelling behind
Complicated - Clouding of cornea the ear
Measles - Deep extensive mouth Acute Ear - Pus is seen draining from
ulcer Infection the ear and discharge is
Measles w/ Eye or - Pus draining from the eye reported for less than 14
mouth - Mouth ulcer days
complication - Ear pain
Measles - Measles now or within the Chronic Ear - Pus is seen draining from
last 3 months Infection the ear and discharge is
reported for 14 days or
MALNUTRITION more
Severe - Visible severe wasting No Ear Infection - No ear pain and No pus
Malnutrition - Edema of both feet seen draining from the
Very LOW weight - Very low weight for age ear
NOT very low - Not very low weight for
weight age and no other signs or ANEMIA
malnutrition Severe Anemia - Severe palmar pallor
Anemia - Some palmar pallor
NO Anemia - No palmar pallor
WONG-BAKER FACES PAIN RATING SCALE
APGAR SCORE
0 1 2
APPEARANCE Blue Pink Completely Pink
PULSE RATE (-) <100 >100
GRIMACE (-) Grimace Cry,Cough
ACTIVITY Limp Some Flexion Active
RESPIRATION (-) Slow, irregular Good, Strong Cry
AT I MINUTE – Need for resuscitation
AT 5 MINUTES – adequacy of resuscitation SCORE:
CYANOTIC BABY: 7-10 Good
If CR < 80/min, do chest compressions, if still <80/min: intubate 4-6 Borderline
If still <80/min: Lidocaine, Atropine, Naloxone, Epinenphrine (LANE) 0-3 High Risk

BALLARD SCORE
MATURITY RATING
SCORE WEEKS SCORE WEEKS SCORE WEEKS
-10 20 15 30 40 40
-5 22 20 32 45 42
0 24 25 34 50 44
5 26 30 36
10 28 35 38
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
PHILIPPINES EPI VACCINES
1. BCG 5. OPV/IPV
2. Hepatitis B 6. Rotavirus
3. DPT 7. Measles/MMR
4. Hib

FULLY IMMUNIZED CHILD


Fully immunized child must have completed the following vaccinations before the child is
12 months of age:
 BCG  1  Hepatitis B  3
 DPT  3  Measles  1
 OPV  3

BCG
ROUTE: ID (deltoid)
 After birth w/in first 2 months of life
 PPD is recommended:
o Suspected congenital TB
o Hx of close contact to known or suspected infectious cases of TB
o Clinical findings suggestive of TB and/or CXR suggestive of TB
 0.05ml <12 months and 0.1ml =/>12 months
HEPATITIS B
ROUTE: IM (0.5ml)
 1st dose  within the first 12 hours of life.
 Subsequent doses are given at least 4 weeks apart, with the 3rd dose preferably not
given earlier than 24 weeks of age
 4th dose is needed for the following:
o Paientss using EPI schedule of birth, 6 and 14 wks
o Preterms <2kgs whose 1st dose was given at birth
 If mother HBsAg (+), administer HBV and HBIg (0.5ml) within 12 hours of life.

DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS TOXOIDS AND ACELLULAR PERTUSSIS


ROUTE: IM (0.5ml)
 6 weeks with a minimum interval of 4 weeks
 4th dose may be given as early as 12 months provided there is minimum interval of 6
months from 3rd dose

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B CONJUGATES VACCINE


ROUTE: IM
 6 weeks (4 weeks interval)
 If 1st dose given 7-11wks, 2nd dose given at least 4 weeks later then the 3rd dose at least
8 weeks from the 2nd dose
 BOOSTER DOSE – 12-15 months (interval of 6 months from 3rd dose)
POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
ROUTE: IPV (IM)/OPV (per orem)
 6 weeks (4 weeks interval)
 Final dose should be given on or after 4th birthday and at least 6 months after the
previous dose
MEASLES
ROUTE: SQ
 <12 months = should be given 2 additional doses (preferably MMR) beginning at 12-15
months (4 weeks interval)
 Given As early as 6 months of age in cases of outbreaks
MMR
ROUTE: SQ
 12 months. 2nd dose 4-6 years or earlier (interval between 1st and 2nd dose of 4
weeks)
 <12 months, should be given additional 2 doses of MMR
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS
 Measles and OPV- most sensitive to heat (strictly maintained at -15-20 C)
 < 4 WEEKS INTERVAL Lessen Antibody Response
 > 4 WEEKS INTERVAL  Higher Antibody Levels
 Practice FEFO (First Expiry-First Out Rule)
 1 syringe – 1 needle – 1 child
FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES
WEIGHT (kg) TFR = cc/k/d
0-3 75
3-10 100
10-20 75
20-30 60
30-40 50
>40 40
>50 30
<7y/o or <15kg >7 y/o or >15kg
INITIAL IVF 0.3 NaCl 0.9 NaCl
MAINTENANCE IMB NM
IVF RATE = volume x weight
24 hrs
NORMAL UO = 1 - 2cc/k/h
FLUIDS DEXTROSITY
1g glc = 4cal 1g = 4 cal = Desired - available
100cc D50 - available
= D12.5 - D5
D50: D50 - D5
1cc = 2 cal = 0.5g glc
= 7.5
D10: 4
1cc = 0.4 cal = 0.1g glc = 0.1666 x 100
D12.5: = 16.66
1cc = 0.5 cal (vol of D50W to be mixed with D5IMB or D5
D5: 0.3 NaCl)
1cc = 0.2 cal = 0.05g

MILK FORMULA
PT: 0.8 cal/ml 24/30cc
T: 0.6 cal/ml 20/30cc
LUDAN’S
<2yo or <10kg >2yo or >10kg
Mild 50/8 30/8
Moderate 100/8 60/8
¼ PLR x 1 h ¼ PLR x 1h
¾ 0.3 x 7h ¾ 0.3 x 7h
Severe 150/8 90/8
1/3 PLR x 1h 1/3 PLR x 1h
2/3 0.3 x 7h 2/3 0.3 x 7h

DENGUE (Dr. Lim)


0-3 75 8 cc/k/h
3-10 100 7 cc/k/h
10-20 75 6 cc/k/h
20-30 60 5 cc/k/h
30-40 50 4 cc/k/h
>40 40 3 cc/k/h
1cc/k/h x 24 = 24cc/k
2 cc/k/h x 24 = 28 cc/k and so on…
NEONATES
DAY Term PT SGA
1 70 80 80
2 80 90 90
3 90 100 120
4 110 110 150
5 130 120 180
6 140 160 210
7 160 180 240
8 160 200 270

1st day <1kg – D5W >1kg – D10W

>1kg – D10
2nd day <1kg – D5 0.3 or D5IMB
0.3 or D10IMB
ELECTROLYTES
CREATININE CLEARANCE: =. (140 - Age) x BW .
0.72 or 0.85 x Creatinine
SERUM OSMOLARITY (mmol/L): = 2 Na + BUN +RBS
Na DEFICIT: = 0.6 or 0.5 x (Weight in kg) x (Desired Na – Actual Na)
TIME NEEDED TO INFUSE: =. Desired Na – Actual Na .
0.5 meqs/L/hr
TIME NEEDED TO CORRECT (SC): =. Desired Na – Actual Na .
10 meqs/L/hr x 24 hours
AMOUNT OF PNSS NEEDED: =. Computed Na Deficit .
154
DRIP RATE: =. Amount of PNSS needed .
Time Needed
K DEFICIT: =. Desired K – Actual K .
0.27
REMEMBER:
 We can only correct 10 – 12 meqs Na deficit per day
 If with severe hyponatremia, we can correct by 0.5 – 1 meq/L/hour
SODIUM CORRECTION
Na Correction  M: 2-3 meqs/day
= Desired – Actual x 0.6 x wt + (wt x 2)
Ex. 15kg Na: 128 TFR 30/8 (56cc/hr)
Na deficit: 15 x 0.6 x (135-128) = 63
Na maintenance (2 x BW) = 30
93
Using D5 0.9NaCl: If using D5 0.3 NaCl: Better using D5 0.45 or
93 x 1000 = 603 cc of D5 93 x 1000 = 1823 cc decrease the IV rate.
154 0.9NaCl 51 CORRECTION IDEAL:
Minimal in >24 hours
133 meq: 24hrs = 5.5 meq/hour
Correction will be finished Correction will be finish in 180: 5.5meq = 32 hours
in: 603 / 56 =10hrs (too 32hrs (too slow) CORRECTION IDEAL:
fast) Minimal in >24 hours
POTASSIUM CORRECTION
K Correction  3.5-5.5 = N
3 – 3.4 = 5%
2.5 – 2.9 = 10%
2 – 2.4 = 15%
<2.0 = 20%
K Infusion Rate: 0.2-0.5 meqs/k/h Ex. 15 kg K: 1.2 TFR 75 (46cc/hr)
Wt x 50 = ____ meqs K deficit: 15 x 0.20 x 50 = 150
Def: vol x % = cc K maintenance 2 x BW = 30
M: wt x (2-3) = cc 180
Try to compute with max dose of KCl
K Infusion Rate: 0.02-0.04 meq/k/h incorp 6 meq/100cc IVF (Peripheral line)
M: 2- 4 mkd K Infusion Rate: 0.2 – 0.5 meq/kg/hr
Peripheral 6 meqs 46cc x 24 x 6 = 66 meq/day
Central 8 meqs 100
(KIR = 66: 24hr: 15kg = 0.18) if using mild
hydration
ELECTROLYTE COMPONENT
Dextrose Na (mEq) K (mEq) Cl (mEq) Lactate Other (mEq)
LRS 130 4 109 28 Ca -3
NSS 154 154
D5 IMB 50 25 20 22 23 Mg – 3;
PO4 - 3
D5 NM 50 40 13 40 16 Mg – 3;
Acetate - 26
D5 NR 50 140 5 98 50 Mg – 3;
Acetate – 26;
Gluconate - 23
D5 LRS 50 130 4 109 28 Ca - 3
D5 0.3% NaCl 50 51 - 51 -
D5 0.45% NaCl 50 77 - 77 -
D5 0.9% NaCl 50 154 - 154 -
CONTINUOUS FEVER –daily fluctuation exceed 1 C (<1.5 F)
REMITTENT FEVER – daily fluctuation exceed 2C (>1.5 F) but never touch normal
INTERMITTENT FEVER – temperature touching normal for a part of the day

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