Learning Experience Activity: Visualisation of Atomic Orbitals using Augmented Reality

The shapes, directions and relative sizes of s, p and d orbitals may be visualised using AR.
In your groups, complete this worksheet to visualise the orbitals in 3-D.

Instructions for launching the app

1. Scan the QR Code on the right.

2. Point your camera at the Hiro Marker to launch the AR of the orbitals.
3. Observe the shape and direction of the 1s orbital.
4. Draw the 1s orbital in the space below.
5. Next, tap ‘2s’ and draw the 2s orbital in the space below.
6. Repeat this process for the 3s orbital and orbitals in the 2p and 3d subshells.

Orbitals in the s subshells

z z
z
y y
y

x x
x

1s 2s 3s

Orbitals in the 2p subshell

z z z
y y y

x x x

2px 2py 2pz

Orbitals in the 3d subshell

z z z z z
y y y y y

x x x x x

3dz2 3dx2-y2 3dxy 3dxz 3dyz

7. Based on what you have observed, what is the difference between the 1s and 2s orbitals?

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8. Based on what you have observed, what are the differences between the 2s and 2p orbitals?

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9. Based on what you have observed, what is the difference between the dxy orbital and dx2-y2 orbital?

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10. Based on your knowledge of atomic orbitals, what would be the electronic configuration of 23
11𝑁𝑁 𝑎𝑎?

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11. Based on the orbitals seen today, how can you explain covalent bond formation in H2?

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10 The first five successive ionisation energies (in kJ mol−1) of an element Q are as follows:
1090, 2400, 4600, 6200, 37800

(a) State and explain which group of the Periodic Table element Q belongs to.

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(b) Write the outermost shell electronic configuration for Q.

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(c) With the aid of an equation, state what is meant by the sixth ionisation energy of Q.

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(d) Predict, with reasoning, if the value of the sixth ionisation energy of Q would be greater than the
fifth.

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