PRACTICAL RESEARCH I

3rd Quarter
Exam Reviewer
2ND SEMESTER
 A systematic process that involves collection of
RESEARCH
data; documentation of critical information; and
analysis and interpretation of data to answer a
question or to solve a particular problem.
TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE
It refers to a study design involving used to understand concepts,
collecting and analyzing numerical data thoughts or experiences.
USE ONLY IF: USE ONLY IF:
-if you want to confirm or test something -if you want to understand something
(a theory or hypothesis) (concepts, thoughts, experiences)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL- based on observation and involves the use of the five senses.
-Ex. Pat is inquisitive about his surroundings. He seeks to determine the cause of
random phenomena that he experiences daily by means of observation.

SYSTEMATIC- follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid

procedures and principles.
-Ex. Researcher Ash follows a systematic procedure in conducting his research. He
ensures that he only follows a step-by-step process derived from standardized
procedures.

LOGICAL- it measures what it intends to measure.

-Ex. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature, not the mass. Use valid and
 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CYCLICAL- the research process is a continuous loop or cycle.
Ex. it exhibits a continuous process of checking, evaluating, analyzing, and
conducting the entire process repeatedly.

ANALYTICAL- shows analytical procedures in gathering the data and can be broken
down into parts.
Ex. Constructing research methodology/steps in conducting research.

CRITICAL- exhibits careful and precise judgment.

Ex. Writing a conclusion based on the findings.

REPLICABILITY- research can be repeated by others and still obtain valid results.
 RESEARCH ETHICS
According to Resnik(2007), ethical norms are important in conducting research;
1. ethics promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility.
2. ethical norms help individuals to be accountable in every act that the researcher/s
undertake.
3. ensure that researchers are held accountable to the public.
4. an ethical norm in research also needs public awareness.
The researcher must abide by the rules in order to minimize harm:
• Get permission:
a. Must reach a WRITTEN and VERBAL agreement
b. Respondents voluntarily participate.
c. If necessary, ask permission to go undercover.
d. Cite the source of the data.
 RESEARCH ETHICS
2. Protect anonymity and confidentiality as per the Data Privacy Act of 2012
(RA 10173).
3. Avoid Deceptive Processes.
a. Faking of data
b. Making false promises.
Resnik (2007) Ethical Codes for Research
1. Honesty- Maintain all communications. Data should not be faked
2. Objectivity- Above biases in the research process.
3. Integrity- Keep your promises and agreements.
4. Carefulness- Avoid careless errors and negligence.
5. Openness- Share data and be open to criticisms.
6. Confidentiality- Protect Confidential Information.
 RESEARCH ETHICS
Resnik (2007) Ethical Codes for Research
8. Responsible Mentoring- Help to educate and mentor others
9. Respect Colleagues- Treat all peers fairly.
10. Social Responsibility- Strive to promote social good.
11. Non-Discrimination- Avoid discrimination in all forms.
12. Legality- Obey relevant laws.
13. Respect of Intellectual Property- Give proper acknowledgment.
14. Human Subject- Minimize risk that involves human lives.
CHOOSING A TOPIC AND CREATING A TITLE

Guidelines for Choosing a Research Topic:

1. SELECT A TOPIC OF SIGNIFICANCE AND PERSONAL INTEREST
choose a research topic of personal interest and significance to the community.
2. CONDUCTING PRELIMINARY RESEARCH
review some articles from open sources that are relevant to the chosen topic.
3. DEFINING THE PROBLEM
list some of the possible questions about your topic.
4. REFINING THE QUESTION
evaluate and refine what specific questions should be asked about your study
CHOOSING A TOPIC AND CREATING A TITLE
Research Title- "Brand name" of your study. The title summarizes the main idea or
ideas of your study.
GUIDELINES FOR CREATING A TITLE
1. Use an accurate description of the subject and scope instead of writing in
general terms.
Ex. instead of writing "students" write the specific target group (Pilar College
Students)
2. Do not use abbreviations.
Ex. instead of PCZC, write the full name (Pilar College of Zamboanga City)
3. Include the main dependent and independent variables
CHOOSING A TOPIC AND CREATING A TITLE
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (IV)- The independent variable is the cause. Its value
is independent of other variables in your study.
Ex. Online Games: Their Effect on the Academic Performance of Grade 11 Pilar
College Students
In the given title, the variables are online games and academic performance. The
Dependent Variable is academic performance since it can change depending on
how much time is spent playing online games.
The Independent Variable is online games since they could potentially change the
outcome of academic performance.
4. Do not include words like "The study of", "The analysis of", "An investigation of",
CHOOSING A TOPIC AND CREATING A TITLE
5. Be mindful of the proper use of grammar and punctuation.
6. Capitalize all nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, as well as the
first letters of the first and last words.
Ex. Online Games: Their Effect on the Academic Performance of Grade 11 Pilar
College Students
7. State in declarative form. Although there are titles in question form.
8. Do not include the year of the study unless it is a historical study.
Ex. Challenges Faced by Students in the Surge of the Pandemic: A 2020 Study
9. Use Current Terminologies
Ex. Instead of Novel Coronavirus 2019, we write COVID-19.
CHOOSING A TOPIC AND CREATING A TITLE

11. Use common name instead of chemical formula.

Instead of writing H2O, write water
Instead of writing NaCl, write Salt
12. Write and italicize the full scientific name.
Instead of writing "dog" in the research title, we write Canis lupus familiaris
(scientific name).
13. An academic research paper must be formal.
 CHAPTER I COMPONENT
WRITING
a. Introduction
CHAPTER I • Background of the study
• Rationale
b. Objectives of the Study
c. Problem Statement/ Statement of the
Problem
d. Scope and Delimitation
e. Significance of the Study
 PARTS OF CHAPTER I
1. Introduction- The introduction serves the purpose of leading the reader from a general
subject area to a particular field of research.
A. Background of the Study- The background of your study will provide context to the
information discussed throughout the research paper. Background information may
include both important and relevant studies.
B. Rationale- a set of reasons that explain why a study is necessary and important based
on its background. It also explains how the research study will fill in the research gap.
2. Objectives of the Study- study objective is an active statement about how the study is
going to answer the specific research question.
Ex. In general, the study would like to determine the effectiveness of distance learning on
students living in remote regions in the Philippines.
 PARTS OF CHAPTER I
3. Statement of the Problem/Problem Statement- Provides the description of your
research problem. Possess a list of supposed questions to address in your study.
•describes the issue that is in need of study.
Composed of a General Problem and Specific Problems.

GENERAL
PROBLEM

SPECIFIC
PROBLEM
 PARTS OF CHAPTER I
4. Significance of the Study- The significance of a study is its importance. It refers to the
contribution(s) to and impact of the study on a research field. The significance also signals
who benefits from the research findings and how.
Ex. This research will provide new perspectives on approaching anxiety issues of college
students through medication.
Specifically, this research will benefit the following:
Community- this study will help the community by means of...
Students- students are the main...
Academic Institution- academic institutions are more likely...
5. Scope and Delimitation- The scope details what your study will explore, such as the
target population, extent, or study duration. Delimitations are factors and variables not
included in the study.
 REMARKS:
PERFORMANCE TASK (TITLE DEFENSE)
BATCH A (WEDNESDAY) March 15, 2023
BATCH B (THURSDAY) March 16, 2023

GOD BLESS EVERYONE!