FAN

 a machine which is used to apply

power to a gas in order to cause
movement of the gas.
Blower
 a fan which is used to force air under
pressure.
Exhauster
 a fan which is used to withdraw air
under suction.
COMMON USES OF FANS:
Ventilation
Air-conditioning
Forced and induced draft service for boilers
dust collection
drying and cooling of materials
cooling towers
heating
mine and tunnel ventilation
pneumatic conveying
Centrifugal Fan:
PROPELLER FAN:
BLOWERS:
FAN WHEELS:
EXAMPLE NO. 1
When vane control is used for mechanical draft
fans and where a wide load range is required, it
is advisable to use a:
A. four speed drive motor
B. single speed drive motor
C. triple speed drive motor
D. none of the above

ANS. D
EXAMPLE NO. 2

A fan in which the fluid is accelerated

parallel to the fan axis is:
A. axial centrifugal flow fan
B. mixed axial fan
C. mig axial fan
D. none of the above

ANS. A
EXAMPLE NO. 3

A fan in which the fluid is accelerated

parallel to the fan axis is:
A. cross flow fan C. axial flow fan
B. vane flow fan D. coaxial fan

ANS. C
 HEAD AND POWER CALCULATIONS:
Drive Motor
Brake
Power
hw Water Gage (WG)

Air Power Discharge

Housing

Rotor
Discharge
Air Suction

Air Suction
HEAD AND POWER CALCULATIONS:

Basic Assumptions:
1. Constant temperature
2. Negligible inlet velocity (Vs = 0)

hw (WG)

Vs = 0
HEAD AND POWER CALCULATIONS:

Capacity of Fan, Q
Q = volume flow rate measured at outlet,
(m3/sec)
Q = Area x Velocity

hw (WG)
Static Pressure Head:
h wdw
hs  hw (WG)
da

where:
hs = static pressure head, meters of air
hw = manometer reading, meters of water
dw = density of water
= 9.81 kN/m3 or 1000 kg/m3
da = density of air, kN/m3
= 1.2 kg/m3 at 101.325 kPa and 21.1oC
Velocity Head:
Vo 2
hv  Vo
2g

where:
hv = velocity head, meters of air
Vo = outlet velocity, m/s
g = 9.81 m/s2
Total Head:
h = hs + hv

Air Power = Qah kw

where:
Q = fan capacity, m3/sec
a = density of air, kN/m3
h = total head, m
Brake Power (Input Power)

Air Power Q ah
BrakePower  
Fan Efficiency f

Standard Air:

Pressure: 101.325 kPa (29.92 in Hg)

Temperature: 21.11oC (70oF)
EXAMPLE NO. 4 (ME Bd. Apr 97)
What is Hp supplied to air moving at 20
fpm through a 2 x 3 duct under a
pressure of 3 in water gage?
A. 0.786 hp C. 0.642 hp
B. 0.741 hp D. 0.0566 hp

ANS. D
EXAMPLE NO. 5 (ME Bd. Apr 97)
A fan whose static efficiency is 40% has a
capacity of 60,000 ft3/hr at 600F and
barometer of 30 in Hg and gives s static
pressure of 2 in of water column on full
delivery. What size electric motor should be
used to drive this fan?
A. 1/2 HP C. 2 HP
B. 1 HP D. 1 1/2 HP

ANS. B
EXAMPLE NO. 6 (ME Bd. Oct 97)
A fan draws 1.42 cu. meters per second of
air at a static pressure of 2.54 cm of water
through a duct 300 mm diameter and
discharges it through a duct of 275 mm
diameter. Determine the static fan
efficiency if total fan mechanical is 70% and
air is measured at 25 degree C and 760 mm
Hg.
A. 60% C. 30%
B. 50% D. 40%
Bernoullis Equation Applied to Fan:

Basic Assumptions:
1. Considering inlet and discharge static
pressure
2. Considering inlet and discharge
velocities
3. Constant temperature
Total head
= Static pressure head + velocity head

P2  P1 V2 2  V12
h  
a 2g

( h w 2  hw1 ) w V2 2  V12
h  
a 2g
where:

P1 and hw1 = inlet static pressure reading

P2 and hw2 = discharge pressure reading
w = density of water
a = density of air
V1 = inlet velocity, m/s
V2 = discharge velocity, m/s
EXAMPLE NO. 7 (ME Bd. Oct 94)
Air enters a fan through a duct at a velocity of
6.3 m/s and an inlet static pressure of 2.5 cm of
water less than atmospheric pressure. The air
leaves the fan through a duct at a velocity of
11.25 m/s and a discharge static pressure of
7.62 cm of water above atmospheric pressure. If
the specific weight of the air is 1.20 kg/m3 and
the fan delivers 9.45 m3/s, what is the fan
efficiency when the power input to the fan is
13.75 kw at the coupling?
A. 71.8% C. 81.7%
B. 78.1% D. 87.1%
ANS. A
FANS LAWS:
A. Variable Speed (constant fan size,
constant density)
2 3
Q1 N1 h1  N1  P1  N1 
   
   
Q2 N2 h2  N2 
 P2  N 2 

N1 N2
D1 = D2 T1 = T2
B. Variable density (constant fan size,
constant speed)

Q1  Q 2 h1

d1 P1

d1
h2 d2 P2 d2

D1 = D2

N1 = N2
T1 T2
Pr1 Pr2
EXAMPLE NO. 8
In fan laws, at constant pressure, the
speed, capacity and power vary inversely
as the:
A. square of the density
B. square root of the density
C. cube of its density
D. density

ANS. B
EXAMPLE NO. 9 (ME Bd. Apr 95)
A fan delivers 4.7 m3/s at a static pressure of
5.08 cm of water when operating at a speed
of 400 rpm. The power input required is
2.963 kw. If 7.05 m3/s are desired in the same
fan and installation, find the pressure in cm
of water.
A. 7.62 C. 11.43
B. 17.14 D. 5.08

ANS. C
EXAMPLE NO. 10 (ME Bd. Apr 95)
A fan described in a manufacturer’s table is
rated to deliver 500 m3/min at a static
pressure gage of 254 cm of water when
running at 250 rpm and requiring 3.6 kw. If
the fan speed is changed to 305 rpm and
the air handled were at 650C instead of
standard 210C, find the power in kw.
A. 3.82 C. 4.66
B. 5.08 D. 5.68

ANS. D