The chief who governed

them were captains, and

whom they obeyed and
a. reverenced.

Chiefs ruled over a few

people; sometimes as many
DATU as a hundred houses, or
even less than thirty.

Tribal gathering is called in

tagalog a “barangay”.
Freeborn or they call
maharlica.

NOBLES They not pay tax or

tribute to the dato.

Must accompany the

datu in war.

Aliping namamahay.

THE COMMUNITY They have their own

AND THEIR POLITICAL COMMONERS
THREE CASTES property but has to serve
SYSTEM their own master.

Cannot be made slaves.

Aliping sa guiguilar.

They serve their master

SLAVES in their own houses and
lands.

Can be sold off.

It is called “barangay because It was inferred that

the reason for giving themselves this name arose
from the fact (as they are classed, by their
language, among the Malay nations) that when
they came to this land.

Consist of 30-100 houses.

BARANGAY

Ruled by a dato or chief.

 b.
Maharlicas on both the
father's and mother's side
continue to be so forever;
and if it happens that they
should become slaves, it is
through marriage. If these
maharlicas had children
among their slaves, the
children and their mothers
became free; if one of
them had children by the
slave-woman of another,
she was compelled, when
pregnant, to give her
master half of a gold tael,
because of her risk of
death, and for her inability
to labor during the
pregnancy.
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
MARRIAGE
If two person married, of
whom one was a
maharlica and the other
slave, whether
namamahay or sa guiguilir
children were divided.
First, third and fifth child
is for the father while the
second, fourth and sixth
fell to the mother. Those
who became slave fell
under the category of
servitude which was their
parent's, either
namamahay or a sa
guiguilir. If there's an odd
child, he/she is half free
and half slave.
DIVORCE
The maharlicas could not, if the wife left the husband
after marriage, move from for the purpose of marrying
one village to another, or another, all her dowry and
from one barangay to an equal additional amount
another, without paying a fell to the husband; but if
certain fine in gold, as she left him, and did not
arranged among them. marry another, the dowry
was returned. When the
husband left his wife, he lost
the half of the dowry, and
the other half was returned
to him. If he possessed
children at the time of his
divorce, the whole dowry
and the fine went to the
children, and was held for
them by their grandparents
or other responsible
relatives.
 c.

PROPERTY RELATIONS

COMMUNAL LANDS LOANS AND DEBTS

The lands which they Those to whom a debt was

inhabited were divided owed transferred the debt
among the whole barangay, to another, thereby
especially the irrigated themselves making a profit,
portion, and thus each one and reducing the wretched
knew his own. debtors to a slavery which
was not their natural lot.

No one belonging to
another barangay would If any person among those
cultivate them unless after who were made slaves (sa
purchase or inheritance. guiguilir)—through war, by
the trade of goldsmith, or
otherwise—happened to
possess any gold beyond
The lands on the tingues, or the sum that he had to give
mountain ridges, are not his master, he ransomed
divided, but owned in himself, becoming thus a
common by the barangay. namamahay, or what we
call a commoner.

Consequently, at the time of

the rice harvest, any
individual of any particular
barangay, although he may
have come from some other
village, if he commences to
clear any land may sow it,
and no one can compel him
to abandon it.

The chiefs in some villages

had also fisheries, with
established limits, and
sections of the rivers for
markets. At these no one
could fish, or trade in the
markets, without paying for
the privilege, unless he
belonged to the chief's
barangay or village.
 d.
RELIGION
Simbahan, which means
a temple or place of
adoration;
Includes performing of
sacrifices, adoration of
Since there are no
temples consecrated for
the performance of
these rights, it is usually
held in a large house of
a chief
Usually lasts for 4 days
Sibi - is a temporary
shed on each side of the
house to shelter the
gathered people
Sorihile- small lamps on
the posts of the house
WORSHIP
RITUALS GODS PRIEST OF DEVIL
A festive celebration BATHALA
A
He was said to be the "all powerful" and
"maker of all things"
their idols or the
general practice of SUN
Idolatry.
They also worshipped the sun for its
beauty, respected and honored as the
heavens
THE MOON
They worship the moon especially when
People bring drums
it's new, which at the time they had great
which they beat
rejoicings to adore and welcome it.
successively while the
feast lasted
STARS
Nagaanitos was also They also worship the stars, most
another way the feast especially the morning star which they
was called by the called "Tala".
members of the
barangay.
“SEVEN LITTLE GOATS” Star Cluster
THE PLEIADES
The Greater Bear
BALACTIC Constellation
The change of seasons
MAPOLON
An idol images with
LIC-HA different shapes
An idol patron of lover
DIAN MASALANTA and generation
Idol patrons of the
cultivated lands and
LACAPATI AND IDIANALE
husbandry
They paid reverence to
BUAYA OR CROCODILES these creatures for fear
of being harmed
 A Was a man or woman, that officiates the fears.

The devil was sometimes capable of entering the body of the

CATALONAN catalonan, said to take its shape and appearance with great arrogance
and would sometimes shoot flame from his/her eyes.

In some districts if the possession was severe they tie the person on a
tree to prevent the devil in destroying the minister.

Witches who deceived people by pretending to heal the sick.

They can instantly kill a person or prolong life, believed to be the works of a devil.
MANGAGAUAY

Found throughout the land.

Had a power of applying remedies for lovers to make them despise their own wives.

When the ritual was successful the abandoned wives' health would deteriorate and
MANYISALAT
would discharge blood and matter.

Office is general throughout the land.

Duty was to emit fire from himself at night, once or often each month.

Fire could not be extinguished and people who wallowed with this priest would fell
MANCOCOLAM ill and die

Found throughout the land

More powerful than the mangagauay

Without use of medicines but just by saluting or raising his hand they can kill whom
HOCLOBAN they chose or heal those who became ill by their charms.

They are found in Catanduanes

If they saw anyone clothed in white, they would tear out his liver and eat it, causing
death to the victim

Don't let anyone believe this as a fable, for a Spanish notary was killed in Calauan,
SILAGAN
his intestines pulled out from his anus, was later buried in Calilaya by father Fray
Juan de Merid

Found in the island of Catanduanes

B
B
His purpose is to show himself at night with no head or entrails, pretends to carry
his head in different places and returns to his body in the morning

MAGTATANGAL
Still occurred in Catanduanes

Equivalent to a sorcerer, they say he has the ability to fly and murders men and
eats their flesh
OSUANG
Exists in the Visayas and not among the tagalogs

They made charms for lover’s out of herbs, stones, and wood which would
infuse their hearts with love
MANGAGAYOMA
Deceives people and sometimes through the devil's intervention they
gained their ends

Equivalent to a preacher

SONAT It was his job to help one die, at which time he predicted the salvation or
condemnation of the soul

He can be found throughout the land

Was a soothsayer

PANGATAHOJAN Predicted the future

Office generally found in the land

Signified a "cotquean"

BAYOGUIN
A man whose nature is inclined toward that of a
woman
 e.

SUPERSTITION

They believe if they left their house and

They also practiced divination, to
met on the way a serpent or rat, or a bird
see whether weapons, such as a
called Tigmamanuguin which was singing in
dagger or knife, were to be useful
the tree, or if they chanced upon anyone
and lucky for their possessor
who sneezed, they returned at once to their
whenever occasion should offer
house, considering the incident as an
augury that some evil might befall them if
they should continue their journey
 It was the slave's care to see that they were fed. If
the deceased had been a warrior, a living slave was
tied beneath his body until in this wretched way he
f.
died. In course of time, all suffered decay; and for
many days the relatives of the dead man bewailed
him, singing dirges, and praises of his good
qualities, until finally they wearied of it. This grief
was also accompanied by eating and drinking. This
was a custom of the Tagalos.

THEIR MANNER OF
The deceased was buried beside his house; and, if
BURYING THE DEAD
he were a chief, he was placed beneath a little
house or porch which they constructed for this
purpose. Before interring him, they mourned him
for four days; and afterward laid him on a boat
which served as a coffin or bier, placing him
beneath the porch, where guard was kept over him
by a slave. In place of rowers, various animals were
placed within the boat, each one being assigned a
place at the oar by twos—male and female of each
species being together.

BURIAL They dug a deep, perpendicular hole, and placed

the deceased within it, leaving him upright with
head or crown unburied, on top of which they put
half a cocoa-nut which was to 12 serve him as a
shield. Then they went in pursuit of some Indian,
whom they killed in retribution for the Negrillo who
had died. To this end they conspired together,
hanging a certain token on their necks until some
one of them procured the death of the innocent
one.
THE AETAS, OR NEGRILLOS
[NEGRITOS] FORM OF
they knew that there was another life of rest which
BURIAL BUT DIFFERENT
they called maca, just as if we should say
“paradise,” or, in other words, “village of rest.”
They say that those who go to this place are the
just, and the valiant, and those who lived without
doing harm, or who possessed other moral virtues.
They said also that in the other life and mortality,
there was a place of punishment, grief, and
affliction, called casanaan, which was “a place of
anguish;” they also maintained that no one would
go to heaven, where there dwelt only Bathala, “the
maker of all things,” who governed from above