HS standard 5 2017- Answer Key

1) The molecules of a substance are moving rapidly in a container. The molecules do not interact with each other. If
the container is opened, the molecules will escape from the container. In what phase of matter are the molecules in
the container?
A) plasma
B) gas
C) liquid
D) solid

Explanation:
Based on the description, the substance must be taking the shape of its container and expanding to fill the container.
The only phase of matter which does this is the gas phase.
2) In which state of matter has the LEAST kinetic energy?
A) gas
B) liquid
C) plasma
D) solid

Explanation:
In the solid state has the LEAST kinetic energy. The particles in the solid state move the least, really just vibrating.
3) In which state of matter are the particles CLOSEST together?
A) gas
B) solid
C) liquid
D) plasma

Explanation:
Because solid particles are tightly held by one another by strong attractive forces, they are most dense, and closest
together. Solid water (ice) is a rare exception to this rule.
4)

The substances shown are ordered (from left to right) in order of increasing
A) density.
B) kinetic energy.
potential
C)
energy.
D) intermolecular attractions.
Explanation:
They are ordered by increasing kinetic energy. Think about the motion of the particles. Ice molecules are moving
slow enough that they are a solid, and steam is moving so fast it is a gas.
5)

Which state of matter has the greatest distance between the individual particles?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) all are the same

Explanation:
C has the greatest distance between particles. C is steam and a gas which has the highest kinetic energy; therefore,
the particles move farther apart.
6) What is going to happen to the volume of a gas that is put under MORE pressure while keeping the temperature
constant?
A) The volume will increase.
B) The volume will decrease.
C) The volume will fluctuate.
D) The volume will remain constant.

Explanation:
The volume will decrease. According to the gas laws, as pressure increases, the volume will decrease. There is an
inverse relationship.
7) What is going to happen to a balloon filled with helium that is left in a car over night when the temperature drops
approximately 20 degrees? (There are no holes in the balloon.)
The balloon is going to pop due to the increase in volume of the
A)
gas.
The balloon will be completely deflated due to the freezing of the
B)
gas.
The balloon is going to look somewhat deflated due to the decrease in
C)
volume.
Nothing, the balloon will look the same. Temperature change has no effect on gas
D)
volume.

Explanation:
The balloon is going to look somewhat deflated to due to the decrease in volume. Temperature and gas
volume are directly proportional, so if one decreases so does the other. But there will always be some volume so it
could not have been completely deflated.
8) Why might a balloon, that is inflated almost to its capacity, pop or explode on an extremely warm day?
A) The balloon may be faulty.
It might pop because of the weakening of the balloon by the
B)
heat.
The balloon might pop due to the increase in the volume of the
C)
gas.
The balloon might pop because the volume will decrease within the
D)
balloon.

Explanation:
The balloon might pop due to the increase in the volume of the gas. According to the gas laws; as temperature
increases so does the volume of the gas.
9)

Which particle has the most energy?

A) ice
B) water
C) steam
D) there is no difference in particle energy

Explanation:
The state of matter with most particle energy is steam. The faster particles move the more energy thay have, so the
particles with most energy are those of the steam.
10) Tamika inflates and ties off a balloon in her classroom and then takes it outside on a cold, winter day.
Immediately, she notices that the balloon has gotten a little bit smaller. Why does this occur?
because there are fewer molecules in the balloon
A)
outside
because the air pressure is significantly higher when it is
B)
colder
because the molecules in the balloon have slowed down with the
C)
temperature
D) because the molecules shrink in size when exposed to the colder, outside air

Explanation:
The balloon shrinks because the molecules in the balloon have slowed down with the temperature. Once they
slow down, the balloon cannot expand as much.
11) Why do the air molecules inside a bicycle tire speed up as the temperature gets warmer?
because the heat is transferred to the molecules and gives them more kinetic
A)
energy
because the warmer air allows the particles to be free from gravitational
B)
forces
because the heat liberates the potential energy inside each
C)
molecule
because the warmer air is less dense and particles can move
D)
more

Explanation:
Air molecules speed up in warmer temperatures because the heat is transferred to the molecules and gives
them more kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
12)
Predict the energy trend as a substance changes from a solid to liquid to gas on this graph.
A) It would increase from bottom left to top right.
B) It would decrease from top left to bottom right.
It would be a horizontal line as energy would remain
C)
constant.
It would increase from solid to liquid, then decrease from liquid to
D)
gas.

Explanation:
It would increase from bottom left to top right. Energy is added to a substance as it moves from solid to liquid to
gas.
13)
Which could complete the liquid phase description in the venn diagram?
A) Definite shape and low energy particles
B) No definite shape and no definite volume
C) No definite shape and high energy particles
D) No definite shape and medium energy particles

Explanation:
No definite shape and medium energy particles would best complete the venn diagram section for a liquid.
14)

6 A.M. - 30 PSI
9 A.M. - 32 PSI
1 P.M. - 35 PSI
Amy measured the tire pressure of her truck that was parked outside after a cold night. The daytime temperature
reached a nice 65 °F. Assume Amy's tires do not have any leaks. Explain the change in tire pressure.
The air molecules heated inside the tire causing them to move faster exerting more pressure on the
A)
inside walls of the tires.
The air molecules heated inside the tire causing them to move faster exerting less pressure on the inside
B)
walls of the tires.
The air molecules heated inside the tire causing them to move slower exerting more pressure on the inside
C)
walls of the tires.
The air molecules heated inside the tire causing them to move slower exerting less pressure on the inside
D)
walls of the tires.

Explanation:
The air molecules heated inside the tire causing them to move faster exerting more pressure on the inside
walls of the tires. The greater the temperature, the faster the particles move.
15)
How will the behavior of the gases in the piston chamber change if more pressure is applied to the piston?
A) The gas particles will slow down.
B) More gas particles will be produced.
C) Fewer gas particles will be produced.
D) The gas particles will hit the walls more frequently.

Explanation:
The gas particles will hit the walls more frequently. Because more pressure is applied, the container will shrink in
size. When this happens, the particles have less space to move and will hit the walls of the container more frequently,
exerting more pressure.
16)

How will the behavior of the gases in the piston chamber change if heat is applied to the system? Assume the piston
moves to keep the pressure constant.
The gas particles will speed
A)
up.
B) More gas particles will be produced.
C) Fewer gas particles will be produced.
D) The kinetic energy will decrease.

Explanation:
The gas particles will speed up. Because thermal energy is applied to the system, the kinetic energy of the gases
increases. This results in an increase in velocity.
17)
Which change to the system would cause the freely-moving piston to lower?
Apply heat to the gas
A)
particles.
B) Reduce the atmospheric pressure.
C) Place the system in an ice bath.
Add more gas molecules to the
D)
system.

Explanation:
Place the system in an ice bath.. This would cool the particles and cause them to slow down. Then, they would
exert less pressure, and the piston would fall.
18) A person opens a 2-liter bottle of cola at a picnic. If the cap is left off the bottle, the cola will become 'flat' or lose
it's carbonation. Which statement below BEST summarizes why the cap must be kept tightly in place if the cola is to
remain fresh?
The cap prevents the liquid in the cola from
A)
evaporating.
The cap keeps the atmospheric gases and liquid from mixing in the
B)
bottle.
The cap keeps warm air from entering the two-liter bottle and raising the temperature of the cola
C)
solution.
The cap keeps the pressure of the gas in the bottle at a high level preventing carbon dioxide from
D)
leaving the solution.

Explanation:
The cap keeps the pressure of the gas in the bottle at a high level preventing carbon dioxide from leaving the
solution. By keeping the pressure high, the solubility of carbon dioxide in the solution is increased.
19)

As matter changes state from gas to liquid, which of these statements is true?
A) The particles speed up.
B) The particles slow down.
C) The particles get farther apart.
D) The attractive force between the particles
 decreases.

Explanation:
The particles slow down as matter changes state from a gas to a liquid. You could slow down the particles by
reducing the temperature of the substance.