pOI

STEAM POWER PLAN T

5-28 / (,,cJ
tw=W1UMM;§i:i 0
wer "' ( 7 °7,
I I , the pressure and temperature leaving the boiler are (<l~e p _ 22s
In a steam power Pan d t atur t - 180Ok" 0 er -
d 35o•c respectively and the pressure an emper e en enng the tUrbi •a po>li
~~OO kPa ~nd 330. c , respectiv~ly. Determine the amount of heat transferred~ ~ 0(<l~e
pipeline between boiler and turbine · kJ/k

s:
A - 106 3 kJ/kg
-80 kJ/kg
C. -4 . 17
D. -40 kJ/kg
9

From steam table:

At 1800 kPa and 350°,C : h, = 3141 .2 kJ/kg
At 1600 kPa and 330°C: h2 = 3101 .5 kJ/kg
A- 2
Heattransferred = h2-h1 = 3101.5-3141 .2
= -39. 7 kJ/kg

A~ D. -40 kJ/kg hi.11inQ a he,

coal t efficien,
50 Percenture can bi
tempera
70°F?
A double pass condenser with a .mass flow rate of 1,_000,000 kg/pr has a leaving flow A 15_3 lb steam
velocity of 1.5 mis. The area of the condenser tube Is 0.0003 m . Calculate the
number of tubes. 8: 11.2 lb steam ~
A. 1235 C. 1532
B. 2153 D. 2315
From steam table:
At 212°F: hf =
hfg
a = volume flow rate = l,OOO,OOO = 0.27778 m 3/sec At70°F: hf ,
1,00«3 600)
a = Area X Velocity Solving for the ent
0.27778 = 0.0003 (n)(1.5) hs = hf + xhfg
n =
no. of tubes per_pass =
617.3
hs = 180.07 + C
For two passes, the total number of tubes
hs = 665.22
= 617.3 (2) = 1234.6 say 1235 tubes
A. 1236 boiler efficiency

~ii=l·!,~l:l•lWAA;O;ilJ 0.50 = m,(665.2

A single-cylinder, double-acting, reciprocating steam engine has a 12-inch diameter
piston with an 18-inc_
h stroke. The piston-rod diameter is 2-inch. Indicator cards
show a mean effective pressure of_70 psi for _both the head end and the crank end.
The engine operates at 350 rpm with an efficiency of 92 percent. Determine the
--,,
"'·
"'1 - -16 tb st
horsepower output.
A. 228.5 Hp C. 282.5 Hp
B. 382.5 Hp D. 208.5 Hp

Brake Power = I.P. x nm = P,m x Vo x nm

Vo = !!...D 2 LN +!!..(D 2 -d 2 )LN
4 4

f(Hf(HJ3so+f[U1r-(~J2](m350
= 412.33 + 400.88
= 813.21 tt'tmin
 ~ WER AND l:DlUSTRIAL p~JNT ENGINEERING 5-29

..,,...,pf=( 7o 1~ x
s,tkBr-u•·- ill
144
ft
t s1121L
mn
(o.n)x~
33.000
.,,..,.,r = 228.52 HP
s,tkB ,-u .. - Brake Power

A. 228.6 Hp

STEAM POWER - 21

Jcoal having a heat of combustion of 14,000 Btu per lb is used in a heating plant of
50 percent efficiency, how many pounds of steam of 50 percent.quality and 212°F
temperature can be made per pound of this coal from -water whose inijial temperature
· has a leavi'-J ri-
is 70°F?
Calculate the A. 15.3 lb steam per lb coal C. 21.1 lb steam per lb coal
B. 11.2 lb steam per lb ccial D. 13.5 lb steam per lb coal

From steam table:

At212°F: hf = 180.07
hfg = 970.3
At 70°F: hf =; 38.04

Solving for the enthalpy of steam, hs:

hs = hf + xhfg
hs = 180.07 -i- 0.50(970.3)
hs = 66522
. m,~,-h1)
bo 1ler efficiency = .
. m/Qh
0.50 = m,(665.22-38.04)
m1 (14,000)

= 11.16 lb steam/lb coal

...
Fuel Air

o,, = 14,000 Blu/lb

12-inch diam:er
ml
dicator car~od
I the cranl<
eterrnine tt,e A~ B. 11.2 lb steam par lb coal

:::TEAM POWER - 22

Th 8 pressure an d ,_ erature entering the turbine is 1800 kPa and 380 deg C. The
..,mp Th 1·ty f t · ·
pressure leaving the turbine Is 20 kPa. e qua I o s earn entenng the condenser 1s
90%. What i1 the turbine work In kJ/kg.
Steam Properties:
' At 1.8 MPa and 380 deg C:
h = 3207.2
At0.t:!2 MPa:
h, = 251.4 hro c 2358.3
 5 - 30 STEAM POWER PLAN T

A 033.3 C . 633 .3
B 7009 D. 423 .2
11.
,,.. 11 ,8
z6 l<W
ll, (hr .1. xhrgl, 25 1.4 + 0.9(2358.3)
1800 kPa
ll· lfJor'r<
11~ 2373.87 .... ine k " 1
380 dog C fU W lfJor
Tu,t,jno
purT'P,
Turblno Work • h1 - h2 " 3207.2 - 2373.87 wer prod•
• 833.33 kJ/kg )'lei po
c.
A. 833.3 20 kPa, , = 90%

OTE M POWER .3
thetumao
The available enthalpy of steam at the exit of boiler in a Rankine cycle is 3000 kJftt Frotl1 . n of was1
rejectro
and enthalpy 111 Iha entrance of turbine is 2950 kJ/kg. If the mass of steam is 1kw,, e11gine.
find the heel loas between the boiler exit and turbine entrance. 45,67%
A. 10 kw C. 30 kw 34.48%
B. 15kw D. 50kw a.= 75 MN a

a ,. m(h, - h2) c 1.0(3000 - 2950) = 50 kw

A-.-: D. 60kw

Eil=l-!t$N#•C?HJ;WJi A
Find the degree superheat of steam at 0.89 MPa and 180 deg C.
At 0.89 MPa: t(sat) = 174.90°C.
A. 4.4 deg C C. 5.1 deg C
B. 4.9 dag C D. 7.4 deg C How many pero
steam power pl,
Degree Superheat = !(actual) -!(sat) 2.5 MPa and is
= 180 - 174.90 kilogram). The
.. 5.10°c A. 0.38%
B. 0.80%
A-...; C. 6.1 deg C
Pump Work, w,
Sl!·iMliZ.ii!l#;fifi
A turbine haa an available enthalpy of 3000 kJ/kg in a Rankine pl!rcentage Of b.
la 20 kJ/kg. For II flow of 2 kg/s, flnd the system output, eye 1e. Thepumpworl<
A. 5960 kw C. 6343 kw
B. 6008 kw D. 7522 kw

System Output E W, - w; = 2(3000 - 20) = 5960 kw

A. 11880 kw

A ateam power plant has II turbine work of 654 kJ/kg and the pump work is kJ/kg. ff
the maaa·flow rate la 18 kilogram per second, compute the power pr~ ..~'ld 3by the
plant.

(I
 POWER AND IN DUSTRIAL PLAN
T £NGIN ti l RIN O

,_ 11 .772kw C 11,718kw
9, 11 .826 kw D. 10,440 kw
r.,...Wori( • 18(654 ) .. 11 ,n2 kw
~Work "' 18(3) • 54 kw

,..,.,.,_Produced = 11 ,TT2 - 54 • 11 ,718kw

C. 11,718 kw

F~ _tne fumace, heat is transferred to a heat engine 111 a rale al MW The r

75
flilldi0'1 d
waste heat to a sink 1s 40 MW. Compute the lhermal eftl • Ille 6f
. . . .. . aency al 1he hut
A. 46.67% C. 43 .. 33%
8. 34.48% D. 65.22%
Q. = 75~ and QR= 40MW

w. = 0,. - QR = 75 - 40 = 35 MW
I) = WN = 35 = 46.67%
Q,4 75

A. 41.87%

80 dtg C.
Haw IIWIY percent of the bJrbine work output is required to operate the pump di •
power plant, operating at an ideal Rankine cycle, if steam enten the turbine at
2.5 MPa and is condensed at the condenser at 50 kPa (v, = 0 .001030 cubic rnMBf per
kioi,am). The turbine work is 653.8 kJ/kg.
A. 0.38% C. 0.60%
B. 0.80% D. 0.95%

Pump Work, W0 = v,(P, - P3)

= 0.001030(2500 - 50) = 2.5235 kJ/kg

Percentage of bJrbine work to operate a pump:

A. 0.31%

:TEArJ POWER - 29
IA&..... . "'-t wbict1 i - 8 pump wor1t d 5
.. _ • the power produced by• steam power .-· ta . 15 kiogrlfnl per
/ kJll!g and • turbine work of 550 kJ/kg? The flow 111 •
119canc:t.
A.. 7250 kw C. 9500 kw
' 8. 9000 kw D. 8175 kw
5-32 STEAM POWER PLAN T

Powerproduced = W 1 -W 0 = 15(550)-15(5) = 8175kw

A~ D. 8176 kw
ear1' igh pres
111
a 5110 ah
STEAM POWER - 30 pui11Pf water?
i,111 ° atu
The heat transferred to the engine from a furnace is at a rate of 60 MW. Co A- 11:29 Bill
thermal efficiency of the heat engine when the rate of waste heat rejection ~ Ufe 9- 9. 0
1 p,-P,)
nearby reservoir is 40 MW. rO!n a -rt>"' (
A . 66.66% C . 33.33% : : (1)(0.016772]
B. 50.5% D. 100%
atu
W,"o.264 c. C
Eff = Q,1 -QR = 60-40 0.3333 = 33.33%
Q,1 60
A~ C. 33.33%
water enters a tur
STEAM POWER - 31 a12.B Mpa. The t1
ou11>ut is required
A turbine has an efficiency of 75% and a kilowatt output of 5500 at full load. If the
available energy is 1200 kJ/kg , determine the steam flow at the turbine per hour.
A. 1%
B. 0.9%
A. 900 kg/hr C. 22,000 kg/hr
B. 7,333.33 kg/hr D. 6.11 kg/hr w, = Vt(P1 - P•) =
W-n, = m(h, - h 2) x elf
w, = 2.83 kJ/kg
5500 = m(1200)x0.75 WP = 2.83 = O.(
m = 6.11 kg/sec = 22,000 kg/hr Wr 380
C.
A~ c; 22,000 kg/hr

f§ll=t·3Ml#•Vd@#Wt1
Heat is transferre
A water tube condenser has a total of 60 tubes. If these are two passes, then
compute the number of tubes per pass . heat lo a sink is !
A. 44.4%
A. 60 C. 15 B. 55.5%
B. 30 D. 2

= 30 tubes/pass
2 passes

A~ B. 30

Sl:f·V1i:l•Vd#fiil
A tank contains saturated vapor of 35 kilograms at a le c (h, '
2660.15 kJ/kg). Compute the enthalpy. mperature of 90 degree
A. 61920 C. 82677
B. 93105 D. 47632

H = 2660.15 (35) = 93105 .25 kJ

B. 93108
 r p0WER AND INQUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING
5-33

~- - · -· ·
am Rankine cycle,• saturated • at 14.7 psia (vf = 0.01'672 cu .ft. perm,
liquid lb .
~:;! ·
8 high pressure hqu1d at 100 ps1a . How much work is required to pump o~es
P"" ~rwater?
IJl!1
11
aBtu C. 0.264 Btu
:: o129 Btu D. 18.5 Btu

,., • mvr(Pr - ·P,)

... , 144
.,, - (1)(0 016772)(100 -14.2) X -
...,- · 778
'II,• 0.264 Btu
C. 0.264 Btu

STEAM POWER - 35

WBW enters a turbine pump at 30 kPa (vf = 0.0010223 cu. m per kg) and discharges
at 2.8 Mpa. The turbine work is 380 kJ/kg. What is the percentage of turbine work
>ad. If the output is required to operate the pump of a steam power plant?
per haur. A. 1% C. 0.75%
B. 0.9% D. 0.62%

W, = Vt(P, - = 0.0010223(2800 - 30)

W, = 2.83 kJ/kg
2 83
WP = · = 0.00745 = 0 .745%
Wr 380 .
C. 0.76%. .

STEAM POWER - 36

Heat is transferred to a heat engine at a rate of 90 kw. The rate of rejection of waste
heat to a sink is 50 kw. Compute the thermal efficiency of the heat engine.
n
A. 44.4% C. 66.67•
8. 55.5% D. 77.7'/o

'1,=Q,.--QR = ~ = 0.4444 = 44.44%

QR 90
A.44.4%

:TEAM POWER - 37
blne work of 320 kJ/kg and the pump work is 2 kJ/kg. If
A •-m 8
power plant has tu\ second compute the power produced by this plant?
the mass flow rate is 10 kg pe c. 3180 kw
,._ 3200 kw D. 2080 kw
ell'! B. 3220 kw
ree
WN=WT-WP
= 10(320 -2)
WN= 3180 kw

c 3180 """- - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -
 POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT EN
GI NEERING
5- 35
Do~ ,oduces 2000 kw of power. Determine the minimum .
lqd_91hr. If~ ,rdli"~~o provide this power. area m square meter
C. 9975

~p-
~1765 D. 7985
,._ 11)325
9. f ff'N
T
fH Q.,
iso- 300 = ~
Q., Work Net
0. • 6000 kW Tl a 300'1< •-- 3 -----1:2
!",,
• 2000 kw

.fJ..=0.51
Ar~
~s-,~.-s-,- -s-,..:..- s-,- s
le is 70% ~=0.51
3t fuu load~ ,lr<D =11 .
"1e8 764 7
. m
2

Areheat steam cycle has 13.85 MPa throttle pressure at the turbine inlet and a 2.8
MPa reheat pressure, the throttle and reheat temperature of the steam is 540 deg C,
coodenser pressure is 3.4 kPa, engine efficiency of high pressuie and low pressure is
75%. Determine the enthalpy at the entrance to the boiler in kJ/kg
S1Eam properties: .
Af 13.85 MPa & 540 deg C: h = 3434.1 (interpolated)
Af 2.8 MPa & 540 deg C: h = 3548.5
Af2.8 MPa: h = 2974.9
Af0.0034 MPa: h = 2204.5 hr= 109.84
v, = 0.0010032
A. 109.84 C. 123.73 2.8 MPa,540deg.C 3

B. 118.25 D. 136.95 .---~.;;;_;:_;__...;;.'--l

,er while
etermine the
w..,. = ha - hs = v~(Ps:... P5)
t.-109.84 = 0.0010032(13,850 - 3 .4)
t.= 123.73 kJ/kg

C.123.73

_,NM;WFI
Frnrn p 0 . · rk In kJ/kg.
I\. 1 ~ blem No. 42, Find the reheat cycle turbine wo
8
8. 135 .4 c.
1250.4
2.4 D. 1004.4
l'ir,(h
l'ir, (~--h2)0.75 + (h,-ti.)0.75
l'ir, , 3534 -1 -2974.9)0.75 +(3548.5- 2204 .5)0.7 5
2.4 kJ/kg
 STEAM POWER PLAN T
5-36

e. 13&2.4

Biii·!&l:l•CW=l:WGJ
bl No 42 Find the pump work In kJ/kg.
From Pro em · ' c. 13.89
A. 123.73 D 1126
B. 109.84 . .

Wp = V5(Ps - P5)
Wp = 0.0010032(13,850 - 3.4)
Wp = 13.89'kJ/kg

C. 13.89

STEAM POWER 45 go. fir-

From Problem No. 42, What is the heat added in the boiler and reheating in kJikg?
A. 3884 C. 2828 ·
B. 3454 D. 1944

= (h, - hs) + (h3 - h2)

= (3434.1 123.73) + (3548.5-2974.9)
QA = 3884 kJ/kg

A~ A. 3884 . tn Pre
A. 8!:
B. 7~
STEAM POWER - 46

From Problem No. 42, Determine the reheat cycle thermal efficiency?
A 65.5% C. 45.5%
B. 54.5% D. 34.5%

11,=---
Wr-Wp
QA
13524-13.89 X IOO=J 4_ %
3884
46 AW½

A~ D. 34.6%
A ci
STEAM POWER - 47
sup
200
A water tube boiler evaporated 5.05 kg of water per sec from a feed water Ste
temperature of 104.44 deg C to steam at 1241 .1 kPa and quality of 0.97; weight of
coal fuel per sec 0.57 kg; high heat value of the coal as fired, 11,800 Btu/lb.
Steam Properties:
De1
At 104.44 deg C: hf= 437.78 (interpolated) A..
At 1241 .1 kPa: hf= 805.29 hfg = 1980.6 (interpolated) 8
Determine the rate of heat absorption In kJ/kg.

a: 11 :ass
A 11558 C. 15,185
D. 1s, 0ss
h, = hf + xhfg k /k
h,= 805.29 + 0.97(1980.6) = 27 26.47 J g
 . \ --:_
' PO
_ W_E_R_A.::_N:=D~l:.:
N.::D.::U~ST~R~IA~L:..!P~LA~!..!!~~~~
NT ENGINEERING - - -
5-37
"" r ~-ms(h,-h.,)
a,."' 5 05(2726.4 7 - 437.78)
g;"' 11 ,557.88 kJ/sec
A. 11,568

In problem No. 47, Find the boiler hors

A 2578 epower.

0: 1978 g: ~;:
o. H = m,(3600Xh1 -1,4 )
B p 35,322
9 in kJn.
1
s.o5(3600X21i647 43 7_78J
•~g? 35,322
= 1177.97

A~ D. 1178

STEAM POWER - 49

· In Pro~lem No. 47, What is the boiler efficiency?

A. 85Yo
B. 74%
'
o:
C 65'¾
50~

Q,, = 11,800 Btu/lb ·,;, 27,450 kJ/kg

/ll,(h1 -h4) _ 5.0 272647-437:78

0 7386 718
nb mfQh - 0.57(27,450 = · = 6"/4

B. 74%

STEAM POWER - SO

A circular fuel oil tank 45 feet long and 5.5 feet diameter is used for oil storage and
supplying fuel oil at 34°API to a steam boiler. The steam flow is 2000 lbs per hour at
200 psia dry steam. Feedwater is 230 deg F and boiler efficiency is 75%.
Steam Properties:
At 200 psia (1 .38 Mpa): hg = 2789.6 kJ/kg
At 230 deg F (110 deg C): hf= 461 .3 kJ/kg
•eiglltof Determine the mall& flow rate of fuel in kg per hr.
A. 61 .5 C. 89.5
B. 51.6 D. 95.8
H •45ft

m =~=907.03 kg/hr
• · 2.205
Ot, = 41,130 + 139.6(34) = 45,876.4 kJ/kg
 STEAM POWER PLAN T
5 - 38

,u, (h., - 11..1

/Joi/or c,ff • 111
f (J1,

0. 75 .~9~01~.oII:.:.\::,--c-c:-::-:;--
m, 61 .4 kg/hr

A~: A. 61 .6
~:
STEAM POWER - 51

From Problem No. 50, Determine the density of fuel in kg per cu. meter. . ventor I

s:
A 1000
995
· C. 925
D. 855
f,11 ,n cY - 11
ff1c1en
e a1ys1s s
hC
an 56
Jl,. 63
oAPl = ~-131.5
SG e
34= ~ - 1 3 1.5 f,(oc< cycle
SG
SG = 0.85498

Density of fuel = SG x density of Water

= 0.85498 X 1000
-= 854.98 kg/m 3

A-..,; D. 866 An engine

What is th
STEAM POWER - 52 A. 160.4
B. 171 .5
From Problem No. 50, Calculate the number of days the supply tank can hold for
continuous operation. 0.., =t.S(l
A 25 days C. 30 days 550 = t.S
B. 17 days D. 20 days t.S= 0.5E
. l
Volume of fuel lank=(~4A3.28
Y~) (~)=30.29 m
3.2s
3 0..= t.S(
0..= 0.5!
0.. = 18~

--
Mass of fuel in the tank = 30.29 x 855 = 25,904.3_3 kg
No. of days = mass of /uo/ A.~
mau flow rate
25,904.33
a 61.4(24}
17.5 days

A-.-: B. 17 days

CTEAM POWER - 53

A heat engine la operated between temperature limtts of 1370 C and 260 c. Engine
supplied with 14,142 kJ/kw-hr. Find the the carnot cycle efficiency in percent.
 . ~t,,~
·~~:~•#
~ •, ,OWU AND >NDUm~, ,,_._, <NG>N<"'"
5 . 39
,,------- C . 67 .56
,._ JO-~ _ D . 69 .32
0- 65· TH -Ji
(ornot £.fl= ~
_ = 67.5 6%
(arnot £fl - 1370+ 27 3

c. 67.66

e r. -#•Wl#Afl
NI inventor proposes to have developed a small power plant that operates at 70%
efficlenCY- It operates betwe_e n temperature extremes of 6oo 0c and 500c . Your
analySis shows that the maximum possible efficiency is:
A. 56 C. 67
B. 63 D. 72 ·

Max cycle eff= TH -h (600+273)-(50+273)

Tn 600+273
=0.63 =63%

B.63

STEAM POWER - 55

AA engine gains 550 kJ of heat.from a hot source at 700°C and rejected at 50°C.
What is the amount of the heat rejected?
A. 160.4 kJ . C. 182.5 kJ
B. 171.5 kJ D. 195.5 kJ
n hold for T
Q. =AS(T1 ) 4
a,=ssok.J 1
550 = 65(700 + 273)
AS = 0.5652 kJ/K
TH=700:C····1 :ark N at1
T. = 50 C --- 3 : :2
0.= 6S(T2 ) ' '
O.= 0.5652(50 ''' ''
+ 273) '--~- - - -' - - s
Oil= 182.5 kJ s, = s,

c. 182.6 kJ

STEAM POWER - 56
An engine gains
550
kJ of heat from a hot source at 700°C and rejected at so•c.
What is the amount of power output? C 367 5 kJ
:s
A.2604kJ
B. 271 kJ
· .
D. 495.5 kJ

WN"'0...-QR
WN = 550 -182.5
WN= 367.5 kJ
c. 387.&kJ
 STEAM POWER PLANT

STEAM POWER - 67
. 2800 kJ/kg and the energy_at the exit ,. 140()
The energy Input to the _1urb1~; ~snd power output at full load 1s 6000 kw. What i ~
efficiency of tho engine ,s 75 o /kw- hr? th.;
turbine flow rate al full load in kg C. 5.97
A. 3.4 3 D. 9.23
B. 4. 33

Wr = m(h, - h2)11 r
6000 = m(2800 - 1400) 0.75
m = 5.714 kg/sec l<g 36 0 0s ec
s. 714 ~,.. - -,.-r -
Turbine flow rate= - 6000'<g
Hl'r
= 3.428 ...!L
kw - hr

€1i=t·Ml:l•Vi9#¥1'.:J ,:•
oo'K rovides 400 kJ of heat to an engine. The
A high temperatur22es;~~ce ~t ;,e ter,;perature sink is 300oK. Compare the thennaJ _ 4873.14 kg/hr
has a net work of an ffi · Ecc of the Carnot cycle rrc -
. Et of this engine to the thermal e ,c,ency .
ffi
e c,ency c. Et < Ecc
A. Et = Ecc D Unity ~::::17.5
B. Et> Ecc ·
mfad
t = W,v = 220 = 0.5S Ecc = 900- 300 = 0.666 ~::::17_5
Q, 400 900 481114
erefore, Et < Ecc
m., : 85,279.95 I

C. Et< Ecc
C.
~ii=t·!111:l•lft9iA·Si
~ii!·)61:l•l!D=l3
What is the~ ower produced by a steam power plant having a turbine work of 550
kJ/kg and a pump work of 5 kJ/kg if the mass flow rate is 15 kg/s? • Two Carnot engi,
A. 8250 kw c. 9500 kw at 1100°K and la,
an~~ 'Mlich in turn rej
eng,ne A is 700
WT= W~-Wp Work of engine 8
WN = 15(550)- 15(5) A. 200.76
WN = 8175 8. 115.67
A~ 0. 8176kw

STEAM POWER - 60
Tu
A steam condenser receives 10 kgs per second of steam with an enthalpy of '}§TO 70() kJ
kJ/kg. Steam condenses into a liquid and leaves with an enthalpy of 160 k.J/kg.
Cooling water passes through the condenser with temperature increases from~
degree C to 24 degree C. Calculate the cooling water flaw rate in kgs per se<>-"-
A 533.2 C. 523.2
B. 518.4 D. 528.9
 _ _:..P=0 W_E_R_A_N_D_I_N_D..c
U::..
ST.:..:R
=l Al:.P
::_:l~A NT
'..'2E~N~G~IN~f!!E~
Rli!!
N~Gi____ __
- 5 - 41
h) • ,n.Cp...\l w
,,_~, 150)) z m..(4.187)(24 - 130)
570
,,..
10!! 52 3_26 kg/sec

C. 1123.2

_,a•IW#l;MI
1' IYP'cal 1 1eam generalor wijh an efficiency of eo•;. •
TM enlhalpy ol lhe enlering water is 133.98 kJ/kg ~~d~roducing 15 kg/aec al steam.
tJ 3256.40 kJ/kg. The fuel used has a heating val
bY weigh! is 17.5. Determine lhe amount of air nee~:i In ;:;;,so
of\superheated to an enlhalpy
kJ/kg. The NF ratio
,._ 68.317 C. 85,280 r.
B- 78,328 D. 96,123

m, (h, -hi)
Boiler Elf = •
m/ Qh
1eat to 8 0.80 = I 5(3600X32564 -133.98)
,of< n engin
m1{43,250}
,t the~mPare
Brnot cycle.
m, = 4873.14 kg/hr

~=17.5
mfael

....!!!!Er_=l7.5
487114

m,. = 85,279.95 kg/hr

C. 86,280

:I a turbine workaf5!il Two Carnot engines A and B operate in series between a high-temperature reservoir
5 kg/s? • at 1100°K and low-temperature reservoir at 490°K. Engine A rejects heat to engine B,
!Nhich in turn rejects heat to the low temperature reservoir. The heat received by
engine A is 700 kJ . The two engines have equal thermal efficiencies. Calculate 1he
work of engine B in kJ.
A. 200.76 c. 154.84
B. 115.67 D. 172.92

Elf = TH -TL_ 1100-490 = 0 _5545

TH 1100
0.v. = 700 kJ

,Jp'/ofl° Elf=~
th an~6D~S Q,u
th•~yo_.s5~-
1re ,,,ere pet 6 0.5545 = .!!,t_ ·
700
8 teinl<Q5
 5-42 STEAM POWER PLAN T

WA = 388.15 kJ

a,..= QM -WA = 700-388.15 311 .85kJ

ORA= OBA = 311 .85 kJ

Ws
Eff = - -
Qs.4
8 w
0.5545 = - - -
3 l 1.85

We = 172.92 kJ

A~ D. 172.92

STEAM POWER - 63

The thermodynamic efficiency of a heat engine that rejects heat at a rate of so~
when heat is supplied to it at a rate of 70 MW is:
A. 23.3% C. 57.1%
B. 60% D. 65%
Vo= 20
Eff = QA -QR 7 0-SO =- 0.571 = 57.14%

C. 67.1%

STEAM POWER - 64 A 180 MV

20,000 kg
A Carnot engine operates using a 527°C energy reservoir .and a 27°C energy rated load
reservoir. The thermodynamic efficiency of this engine is: A. 5.50
A. 50% C. 73.6% B. 4.95
B. 62.5% D. 103%
Ills = kx
Eff = TH -TL= 527-27 = 0.625 = 62.5%
TH 527+273 · Ills (at full
b" 20,0
B. 62.6%

STEAM POWER - 65 ~=

The following data were obtained in a small power generating plant" - " 180,,
Power developed by the steam turbine = 3000 kw · = 144
Heat supplied to the steam in the stea!" generator = 3200 kJ/kg "" = 3.5
Heat rejected by the steam to the cooling water In the condenser = kJ/kg = 53
2400
Power required by the feedwater pump to return the condensate to the 5tesJI' II\, = 5 3
generator = 15 kw .
Determine the mass flow [ate of steam in kg/sec.
14
• C. 3.21
A. ·1.2 D. 3.73
B. 2.4
 p0WER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEER
/ "--------.
_ ING 5-43

a-;;,.
e•l•";"wr
,-,t
~r,1 . 2985
+ a~
15 • 3000 + m,(2400)

jeoOJ /73
kg/MC
""
-=o=.:a.n
= ~-------------
.. .
c,rnot engine operates between 11 00°K end 300"K The •
2(lO(l rpm. and the mean effective pressure of 320 kPe Ce7gi7e develops 225 _kw
d!IP,cement in m3 • • a cu ate the total engine
A 0.011 C. 0.021
s. o.0t8 D. 0.031

rateotsot.rw BP • p.., x Vo
225(60) = 320 X Vo
3
Vo = 42.1875 m /min
421874-
V, : ODD : 0.02109 m3
o 2000;;fn-

c. 0.021

:TEAM POWER - 6 7

A 180 WM/ turbogenerator requires 660,000 kg of steam per hour at rated load snd
20,000 kg per hour -at zero loed. Calculate the steam rate in kg/kw-hr at 80% of its
rated load.
energy A. 5.50 c. 3.11
B. 4.95 D. 3.68

ma=kx+b
m. (at full load) ,. 660,000 kg/hr
b " 20,000 kg/hr (at zero load)

k ,. 660,000- 20,000 ,. 3.55

180,000
No- .,,..._ rui..-
L-- -- ---'-....J,.- L,.,,.

144,000 kW 180 MW

X • 180,000 (0.80)
• 144,000 kw (at 80% of 11.9 load)
m. • 3.55(144,000) + 20,000 I d
.. 531,200 kg/hr at 80% of Ila oa
·m, • • 3.88 kgll<W-hr
144,000
 pO'
5-44 mAM POWER PlANT

€11=1-!tiliZ.fd#;ddU
A steam engine has 14% brake thermal efficiency and consumee 800 kg/hr
The enthalpy of steam at the entrance and exit of th~ e~glne ara 2900 and ~ - 10, i,r. r,1o r,our1Y
respectively. Determine the brake power of the engine ,n kw. '°'""'" tt,e
A. 98.5
B. 84.5
C. 71 .5
D. 35.5 cs,.. 20,230
:J0,8
m, = 800 kg/hr = 0.222 kg/sec ~- I()( -t b "' I
• ii 1oadl - I
f11S(8tfll -
e., = BP fl" 7 oOOl
11(6 '
· m,(h,-hr / : ~:370 kg/hr
(a

0.14 = BP
0.22~2900- 600) 1,1.00~
BP = 71 .48 kw 1
, ~ .ooo
ooo (o.so)
A.._, X• 10,
C. 71 .6
• 5_963(5,000
fT\,
~il=t·!Nl#•td:f#0¥1 c. :
A boiler uses 2000 kg of coal per hour. The amount of air needed for the combustion
of one kg coal is 20 kg. If ash loss is 15%. calculate the mass of gas entering the
chimney.
A. 49,350 C. 36,700
B. 55,500 D. 41 ,700 Nr is used in a C
temperature heat
0.298 m' and 5.2 S
~= m0 _ = 20 kg air
A. 0.357
F ml kg f11el 8. 0.892

m,, = 20(2000) = 40,000 kg/hr

m, = 2000 kg/hr
,, = V2 = 5.298
V1 0.298
m. + m, = mg+ 0.15(m,) Ell= 1--1-=
40,000 + 2,000 = mg+ 0.15(2000) k-1
rk
l'Tlg = 41,700 kg/hr

D. 41,700

STEAM POWER - 70

A steam generator evapo~ted 22,000 kg/hr of water from a feedwate, With enthalpy
A.bo1
13 0~r develop s
of 481.2 kJ/kg to steam with ~thalpy of 2,508.9 kJ/kg. Coal i:onsurnption is A,jBtU/lb, &IE
2200
kg/hr. Its healing value as fired ,a 23,500 kJ/kg. Calculate the boiler horsepower,
P7~ater heat
A. 1020 C. 1263
B. 1150 D. 1798 P2oc,,~~- Plant c
llluran of 2000
m,(h, -h1 )
Bo. Hp= A. P4 4ce..,.,. Ho,., n
3.S,322 a' "3,4-,.,:00
· oo
22,00<(2,sos.9-481.2)
Bo.Hp= 1262.93 hp
35,322 II\ - ftiei
1t....• 0.4 ~ U1
--.ii~
 p0WER AND INDUSTRIAL PlANT ENGIN~

IOQ -
lOok!Mit , .•
_,..d kV'/ steam turbine-generator power plant haa full
' 10,000 No ioad steam consumption ig around 11% of full ste.n rale ot 6.7
~,..hr. the hourly steam consumption at half load in kg/hr llean ~ -
picu1•~ C. 37,185 .
,- 2(),2 D. 35,820
e. ,o.830
• kX + b
1111 ftlll lo&d) = 6.7(10,000)
,r, (al = 67.000 kg/hr
0 11(67,000)
b : 7:370 kg/hr (at zero load)

67,000- 7.3 70 = 5 963

k= 10.000 . N o-
~ -- --'-~- -N__..:.._
~- L. ...R

l = 10,000 (0.50) = 5,000 kw (half load) 5.000 "'" 10,000 ,._

= 5.963(5,000) + 7,370 = 37,185kg/hrathalfload

the · C. 37,186
mte~
,TEAM POWER - 72

,,; is used in a Carnot engine where the volumes at the beginning of the c:orwtanl
1emperature heat addition and the end of the constant temperature heal rejection are
0.298 m3 and 5.298 m 3 respectively. Calculate the thermal efficiency.
A. 0.357 C. 0. TT3
B. 0.892 D. 0.683

r, = V2 =5.298 =17_77
"t 0.298
Eff = 1--1-=1 I = 0.683
rk k-1 (1 7.77Y,4---l

D. 0.883

lffiihl#•Wl#MiJ
. · O lbs of coal per hp-hr. The ooal contains
Aboiler develops 450 hp and u_ses ·4 . gage and teedwater temperature jg 120"F.
13,00Q Btu/lb, steam preuure ~s.150&temperature of water.to 195°F. Heater cost
A feedwater heater Is added raJslng da 300 daya a year. The cost of coal is
P7SOO.oo, plant operates 10_ hou~.,: d~~alion and repairs, 15% interest and 4%
P200tton of 2000 lbs. AIIOWffl9 1 r save by installing the heater?
irlaurance, How much would the CJWll8 c P2,477.00
A. P4.4TT.00
8· P3,477.00
P1 ,477.00o:
rn, withOul heater
= fuel consumption 1 83 kg/hr
= 0.4 (450) = 190It,s/hr = 8 ·
eleam pressure = 150 psi gagebB
= 1.135MP88

Jh
 STEAM POWER Pt.ANT
5-46
t 1 135 MPa , interpolated:
Fromt~a~ta~l~,7:2.8 kJ/kg

.t,, = 204.73 kJ/kg

At 120°F (48.9"C) : h, = 379.02 kJ/kg
At 195°F (90.S°C) :

f evaporation:
Solving for the ra t e O 204 73)
450(0.746) = m, (2782 .8 - .77kg/hr
m, = 0.1302137kg/sec = 468 ·
Fuel
m, • 0.4 lbop«
Q,=13.000-
Cost of fuel to produce 1 kJ of heat: kw ec ton P200
I hr ~x---x--
- ~ x --'P- x - - - x kJ 2000 lbs Ion
- hp-hr 0.74&w 3600;ec
= P0.0000149 per kJ

Savings due to heater )

= PQ.0000149 X 468.77(379.02 -204. 73
= P1 .2173 per hr

In one year savings in fuel:

= P1 .2173x10x300 = P3,652.08 Boiler Eff =

Annual Savings = 3,652.08-(0.10 +0.15 +0.04) 7500

= P1,477.08

D. P1,477.00

STEAM POWER - 74

In Problem No. 73, What is the percentage of profit?

A. 9.7% C. 29.7% Ina Rankin 1
B. 19.7% D. 39.7% bar. First bi
bar, the Wat,
Percent Profit = Savings=~ allJrbine to
19.69%
Capital 7,500.00 PUrnp Worl( i
A. 35.54 kJ
B. 11.7% 8. 25.54 kJ

'.;TEAT~ POWER - 75 :~Stearr

150 bar (
ti, ., 3
In problem No. 73, If later on, an economizer is added which ·raises the feedW8lel' 1\11 81 ., 6
from _195°F to 300°F and the economizer cost of P40,000.00. Allowing the
rates, how much more is saved?
same b.ir (0.1
A. - P6,394.39 ti,., 4 ·
B. +PB,394.39 o.
-P9,394.39 ti.. .,:2
D. -P9,394.39 h3 ., h,
¾,,,-"3 ., v,
At 300°F (146.9°C), hf = 627.45 kJ/kg
Amount of heat further saved .,,, .:'..18~1l f0r
= 468. 77 (627.45- 379.02) = 118,456.53 kJ
8.~ .. • q
~" 9 .. 1
0,8178
 -~ ·~ :.-
.:.
· ..
.::
~"
~IQ1\
, i
{ POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT EN
GINEERING 5.47
·n tuel per year -
s,~nO•p'o
• ·0000149 (116,456.53) x 10 X 300 -- PS ,20 5.61

f'l"ue 1,.vings = P5,205.61 -(0 .10 +0.15 + 0 .04)40

. ,ODO -P6,394.38 (IOH)

:::;:----==~--------
A. -Pt,394.39

t~ t p,ot,lem No. 73, What would be the c.efficiency

58.5% · 55 _ % 6
of th nt
e PIa under the last condition?
lo~ e. 45.5% D. 88.5%

Q. • 13,000 (1 .055)(2.205) = 30,242 kJ/kg

Fuel consumption with economizer

0.40 lbs hp · hr
hp-hr x 0.74&cw x 3600.e~ x 466.77(2762.6 - 627.45)
= 150.486 lb/hr = 68.248 kg/hr

m,(h, -hf)
Boiler Eff = -'--'-'----'c.;.
m/Qh
468. ?7(27828-204.?3)
= 56.55%
68.24~30,242)

~- A. 68.6%

STEAM POWER - 77

In a Rankine cycle, saturated liquid waler at 1 bar is compressed isentropically to 150

bar. First by heating in a boiler, and then by superheating at constant pressure of 150
bar, the water substance is brought to 750°K. After adiabatic reversible expansion in
a turbine to 1 bar, it is then cooled in a condensef' to a saturated liquid. How much
pump work is required?
A 35.54 kJ/kg C. 15.54 kJ/kg
D. 10.54 kJ/kg 1!50bar
B. 25.54 kJ/kg rl!O'K

From Steam Table

At 150 bar (15 MP~) and 750°K (477°C):
h, = 3240 .5 kJ/kg
a, = 6.2549 kJ/kg-°K
At 1 bar (0.1 MPa):
h, = 417.46 St = 1.3026
h1g = 2258.0 Bra = 6.0568
h3 = h, = 417.46
"·' _V3 = Vr = 0.0010432 w,
uu,v1ng for h2:
a, =s2
••=a,+Xllta .
6.2549 = 1.3026 + x(6.0568)
X = 0.8176 = 81.76%
 ~5-~48~ - - -~ ~ ~:..:..=..c..---- ------
ST~ M p0WER PLANT

h2 = hr + xhi,, 0 8176(2258) = 2263.6 kJ/kg

h2 = 417.46 + ·
. .

SolVing for ti.: ft "'

•
111,ss
of ~

W - h. - h, = V3(P• - P3) 00) II" f.

11.·-~17.46 = 0.0010432 (15,000-1 tp50
• 111
ti. = 433.0 kJ/kg

'
rfl"
= 15.54 kJ/kg . jtjal qua
w. = ti. - h, = 433 - 417 ·46 • 111
~· ... ,ct,fg
•• 111 111 ...
,, .12.
STEAM POWER - 78 '" e,cplOSi0l1
rk . enerated in the turbine? ~3kPa:
In Problem No. 77 , How much wo _
,sg_ 876.9 kJ/kg • 101. 419.04
A. 676.9 kJ/kg
B. 776.9 kJ/kg
D. 976.9 kJ/kg . tw: 2257
hi,- 2676.1
Ilg =
Wr = h, - "·
,,, -- 3240·5 - 2263.6 = 976.9
· kJ/kg (.elX:z = quali
D. 976.9 kJ/kg
For constant e
h, = hi
STEAM POWER - 79 t1,=h,+X2t
725.84 = 41!
In Problem No. 77, What is the thermal efficien.cy of the C)ICle?
A. 54 2% C. 34.2 ¼,
x.,= 0.13593
B. 44:2% D. 24.2%
Mass of stean
Thermal Efficiency of the Cycle = 0.135~
(hi -h2)-(h4 -h3)
Amountotwa

--
/ii-h4 = 2,999.
976.9-15.54 = 34.24%
32405-433

C. 34.2°/4

STEAM POWER - 80 ~Ian

3.o kw hai
A drum containing steam with 2.5 meters in diameter is 7 .5 meters long. Of the total ~-The 1
volume, 1/3 contains saturated steam at 800 kPa and the other 2/3 containing 40~tput
saturated water. If this tank should explode, how much water would evaporate? 8. S011w
Consider the process to be constant enthalpy.
A 1,948.11 kg . C. 3,948.11 kg 'rPr,__,
-..u,
B. 2,948.11 kg D. 4,948.11 kg
v = ~(2.s)2(1.s) = 36.81 m3
4

v. = .!.(36.81) = 12.27 m3
Vw
3

= .!(36.81) = 24.54 m3 ~-,~

8. ~
....
3
From steam table at 0.800 MPa:
 ~ -' . ,,
•· •·' f · 'J
I
'· \~' \
\ I .,- ~ ( . ~ - N,;,11

fl....--
pOWER AN D IN DUSTRIAL PLAN T EN GIN EERIN G 5 - 49

~ 3/kg . hr = 721.11 kJ/kg

• O 404 hr, = 2048.0
,, • ·2 hg = 2769.1
. 1t· I 12.27
11\o • 01859 of steam , in ,a = 0.
2404
= 51 .04 kg
. .. I 24.54
•
111
assofwaler, 1nitia = - - - = 2201292k
""' 0.0011148 ' · g
5 4
1.o - 0 00231
, x, • ·inltl8
· · I uality
q
=
51.04+22,012.92 - ·
h •11,+idl1g
1rbine? h, = 721 .11 + 0 .00231(2048) = 725.84

After eiq,losion, final condition will be atmospheric. From steam table, at 1oo•c &
101 .JkPa:
hr = 419.04 v, = 0.0010435
hi, • ';257 Yg = 1.6729
h, = 2676.1

Lei x, = quality in the final state

For constant enthalpy process:

h, = h:, -
h, =h,+x,h1g
cle? 725.84 = 419.04 + x, (2257)
x, = 0.13593

Mass of steam at atmospheric pressure

= 0.13593 (51 .04 + 22,012.92) = 2,999.15 kg

Amount of water that would evaporate

= 2,999.15 - 51 .04 = 2,948.11 kg

B. 2,948.11 kg

STEAM POWER - 8 1

A power plant for a small town produces 60 kw of useful electric power. The
generator has an efficiency of 90%, the pump that is used to circulate the fluid takes
3.0 kw. The heat source supplies 12 MJ/min of energy lo the system. Determine the
power output of the heat engine.
A. 40 kw C. 80 kw
B. !IOkw D. 70kw
Power produced = (60 + 3.0)/0.90 = 70 kw

D, 70kW

~ -- :: TEAi~ POWER - 82

In Problem No. 81, Find the thermal efficiency of the power plant.
A. 10% C. 30%

.,, --)
B. 20% D. 45%

' .
. .