control of

Mohamed Drissi | Miguel Blanco

ENIT

converters
EC0710OP0707CSI
Introduction:
The objective of the lab is to generate modulating signals that are equal to the cyclic ratio
alpha based on a given setpoint.

Theoretical section:
Firstly, it is necessary to recall the relationship between the cyclic ratio and armature voltage,
as well as the relationship between alpha and E:

V a 0 =α a EV b 0 =α b EV c 0=α c E

It is known that V_l0 represents a column vector that groups together the three armature
voltages and the three cyclic ratios, as follows:

[ ] [ ][ ]
V a0 1 0 0 αa
V l 0= V b 0 = E 0 1 0 ∗ α b
Vc0 0 0 1 αc

We now need the relationship between line voltage V_ln and alpha. It is known that
V_aN+V_bN+V_cN=0 and that :
V aN =V a 0−V N 0  ; V bN =V b 0−V N 0  ; V cN =V c0−V N 0

Since we want to have V_lN, the line voltage, we need the equations for
V_iN=V_i0-E/3(alpha_a+alpha_b+alpha_c) with i:{a,b,c}
Thus, we obtain the matrix for V_lN:

[ ][ ][ ]
V aN V a0 V N0
V ln = V bN = V b 0 − V N 0
V cN V c0 V N0

[ ] [ ][ ]
V aN αa
E 2 −1 −1
V ln = V bN = −1 2 −1 ∗ α b
3
V cN −1 −1 2 αc

[ ]
2 −1 −1
To determine whether the matrix A = −1 2 −1 is invertible, we must calculate the
−1 −1 2
determinant det(A).

det ( A )=
3[
1 2 −1 −1 1
−1 −1 2
3 ] 1
−1 2 −1 = [ ( 4−1 ) +1 (−2−1 ) −1 ( 1+2 ) ]= ( 6−3−3 )=0
3

We have shown that A is not invertible. We know that the vector k=1/3. We will try to
determine α =k∗M T ∗V ref + λ∗F with M T the pseudo-inverse matrix of A, V_ref an arbitrary
scalar, and F a column vector. The part that interests us is the so-called "free" part, that is,
lambdaF. We will now calculate the generalized inverse of M^T, which can be done using the
 1 2 −1 −1
T

[
Matlab function pinv(M). We therefore find M = −1 2 −1 which is equal to A. The

T
3
−1 −1 2 ]
coincidence A= M is still not explainable today, but some people believe it is due to the
triangular nature of the original matrix.
Now we must calculate α , for which we need to enclose λ .
We know from the previous equations that

[] [ ][ ] [ ]
αa V
kE 2 −1 −1 refa 1
αb = −1 2 −1 V refb + 1 λ
3
αc −1 −1 2 V refc 1

[]
1
the vector 1 is obtained through a simplification of
1

[] []
1 1
F G z=−0.57 1 G z= 1 G' z =F ' λ
1 1

We can therefore decompose the alpha equation, because we need to enclose the 3
λ i :( λa , λb , λ c ).

We also know that 0 ≤ α i ≤ 1, as α i=kE V refi−1∗λi avec i : [ a , b , c ] .

This gives us the enclosure of the various λ i:

kE V refa ≥ λ a ≥ 1−kE V refakE V refb ≥ λ b ≥ 1−kE V refbkE V refc ≥ λc ≥1−kE V refc

Simulation section:
We will use the Matlab software. You will find on page 9 the Simulink diagram used for
modeling.
We start with alfa1, alfa2, and alfa3 command signals.
First, we will generate three sinusoidal three-phase voltages with an amplitude of 0.45*E and
a frequency of 50 Hz. With E=50V.

We can now generate:

We initialize the parameters in Matlab
E=50;
M=1/3*[2 -1 -1;-1 2 -1 ;-1 -1 2]
k=3/E;
Mpinv=pinv(M)
m=3
F=-0.5773502691896257
Generalized inverse applied to three-phase VSI model :
1 +¿∗V + F∗λ ¿
α = ∗M ref

E
The fixed part of our cyclic ratios
Firstly, we created the Vref signal, to create the fixed part signal which equals:
1 +¿∗V ¿
∗M ref

E
The free part of your cyclic ratios
As mentioned in the theoretical section, lambda must be between
kE V refn ≥ λ n ≥ 1−kE V refn

With F we will deduce it in Abaqus by applying the following function:

Then, add the two together to obtain the cyclic ratio to be applied to our Simulink file.
The following results are obtained:

After obtaining the command signal, we apply it to the input of the system:

We obtain the Vl1, Vl2, and Vl3 signals:

We notice that when the C1 signal is higher than the carrier, we have a value of 50, and when
the signal is lower, we have a value of 0.
We add the true Vref signal, which is in the form:

We notice that when the motor starts, the signal is weak, so we will redo the same study on
this signal. We obtain:

Conclusion :
To summarize, this lab allowed us to simulate a three-phase inverter and control it using pulse
width modulation.
We first studied the theoretical relationship between cyclic ratios and desired output voltages.
Then, we used this information to create a simulation that generated the cyclic ratios and
showed the resulting line voltages.
This simulation confirmed the validity of our theoretical findings.