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Comparison Two Method Direct Method and Communicative Approach
Comparison Two Method Direct Method and Communicative Approach
CHAPTER I
This method also called natural method, it was established in Germany, frame around 1900, and are best
represented by the methods devised by Berlitz and Sauze. this method become very popular during the first
quarted of 20\th century., especially in private language schools in Europe where highly motivated students
could study new languages and not need to travel far in order to try them out and apply them communicatively.
one of the famous advocated of the direct method was the American Charlez Berlitz, whose school and Berlitz
method are now world-renowned.
This method was the out come of are action against the grammar translation method. It was based on the
assumption that the leaner of a foreign language should think directly in the target language and refrains from
using the learners’ native language, just use the target language and operates on the idea that second learning
must be an imitation of first language learning as this is the natural way humans learn any language a child
never relies on another language to learn its first language, and thus the mother tongue is not necessary to learn
a foreign language the direct method places great stress on correct pronunciation and the target language from
out set. it advocates teaching of oral skills at the expense of every traditional aim of language teaching.
According to this method, printed language and text must be kept away from second language learner for as
long as possible, just as a first language leaner does not use printed word until he has good grasp of speech.
Learning of writing and spelling should be delayed until after the printed word has been introduced, and
grammar, translation should be avoided because this would involve the application of the learner’s first
language. All above items must be avoided because they hinder the acquisition of a good oral proficiency.
The communicative approach was developed by Robert Langs MD, in the early 1970’s it is a new theory or
paradigm of emotional life and psychoanalysis that is centered on human adaptations to emotionally-charged
events-with full appreciation that such adaptations take place both within awareness and out side of awareness.
the approach gives full credence to the unconscious side of emotional life and has rendered it highly sensible
and incontrovertible by discovering a new, validated, and deeply meaningful way of decoding unconscious
messages.
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The main purpose of foreign language teaching is to communicate with language. Meanwhile, communicative
approach is the effective way to achieve this goal. Through out more that twenty years, this method has been
confirmed and spread widely. Communicate approach is the innovation of the foreign language teaching not
only does it improve students’ communicative competence effectively, but also carries out the quality education
in languages. The communicative approach emphasizes that the ability to use language appropriately is another
essential aspect of communicative competence the principle applied here is that grammatical competence and
lexical know ledge are not enough to enable students to operate efficiently in target language.
in the intervening years, the communicative app[roach has been adapted to the elementary, middle, secondary,
and post secondary levels. known under a variety of names, including national-functional, teaching for
proficiency based instruction and communicative language teaching
CHAPTER II
Direct Method
Inductive learning is essential. There is direct relation between form and meaning.
Second learning is similar to first language acquisition there is a direct exposure to the target
language exposure of long chunks in he target language.
Learning process is full variety and is never wearisome. The language is the living speech. Listening
speaking and reading is valid rather than writing.
Learning of writing and spelling should be delayed until after the printed word has been introduced.
Learning of grammar and translation skills should be avoided because they involve the application
of the mother tongue
Communicative Approach
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Learning is a process of creating construction and involves trial and error.
Direct Method
Language is for oral use, knowing a language was being able to speak there is a direct relation
between form and meaning
Language is primarily spoken, not written. there fore student study common, everyday speech in the
target language
Vocabulary is emphasized over grammar, since there is no permission for translation, vocabulary
teaching takes a lot of time.
Grammar is also tough through question and answer activities about the passages.
Communicative Approach
Using the language appropriately in social contexts is important and should be acquired
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the primary units of language are not merely its grammatical and structural features, but
categories of functional and communicative meaning as exemplified in discourse
Direct Method
teacher are to create such a classroom atmosphere to make student ready to understand and talk
about the dialogues or the passages
Teacher are also expected to use actions and pictures related to the teaching matters in the dialogues.
Communicative Approach
To make students communicatively competent, able to use language appropriate for a given social
context; to the teaching matters in the dialogues.
Direct Method
rending aloud :
The teacher uses gestures, pictures, realia, or other means to help student understand the
meaning
The student ask question about the map using target language
The teacher answer the students question by drawing on the blackboard or giving examples
Conversation practice
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The teacher asks individual students of question in the target language
Dictation
The teacher reads the passage three times and the cast time he again reads a normal speed
The students write down what they heard, and the check their work
Map drawing
The student were given a map with the geographical features unnamed
The teacher gave instructions for finding and labeling one geographical feature
Paragraph writing
The student could have done this from memory or they could have used the reading passage in
the lesson as a model
Communicative Approach
Authentic materials
The teacher give the a copy of a genuine news paper article and tell the student to underline the
reporter’s predictions
Scrambled sentences
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The teacher gives a text in which the sentences are in a scrambled order. This is type of
exercise about the cohesion and coherences properties of language
The student unscramble the sentences so that the sentence are restored to their original order
Language game
The teacher divides the students in small group and gives them an opportunity to express their
ideas and opinions
The students find them enjoyable, and if they are properly designed, they give students
valuable communicative practice
The teacher gives each group of students a strip story and a task to perform
The students work with a partner to predict what the next picture in the strip story will look like
Role-play
The teacher tells the students who they are, what the situation is. And what they are talking
about
The students are to do a role-play. They imagine as what the teacher tell.
Direct Method
Learner Role
Learners have to take a part in the classroom activities and to be good listeners first.
Learner are filled with various desires which they express in speech realize their role. They are
always to revise what has been taught.
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Teacher Role
The teacher usually directs the interaction but they are not as dominant as in GTM. Some times
acts like a partner of the student
The teacher are to undertake a great effort since they are not allowed to talk mother tongue.
They are to find meaningful teaching materials to study along with the texts in the book
The teacher try to make the student understand the general rules and structures through the
stretches of the target language studied in classroom.
Communicative Approach
Learner Role
Teacher Role
The teacher’s role is primarily to facilitate communication and only secondarily to correct
errors.
Direct Method
There are there kind of materials. They can be used as the basis for classroom activities.
Reading passage materials which can use in the classroom activities for topics.
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Dialogues or conversation practice between teacher and student for situation in learning-teaching
process in the classroom.
Communicative Approach
Authentic material: articles from magazines or newspapers, short story which are used by native
speakers in real life are used as class materials.
Communicative activities (information gap, opinion gap activities) are used promote students’
communication in classes.
Picture, and other visual aids and realia are very important to support meaning.
Task based activities are also used to promote student involvement in class.
Direct Method
Communicative Approach
Target language should be used not only during activities but also when the teacher is giving
explanation, instruction and homework
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CHAPTER III
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III. 2. Similarities between Direct Method and Communicative Approach
In student-student interaction each method is interact a great deal with one another
The teacher in each method may ask the student in written skill.
There is reading section for the first class presented of each method.
In students’ native language of each method is not used in the classroom activities.
CHAPTER IV
Weakness Strength
1. Less playing attention to writing, 1. Paying attention to speaking
reading, and comprehension interaction between teacher and
2. No based on a scientific method students
3. Conveying meaning with no 2. It is a natural method, it teaches the
translation at all to the first foreign language in the same way as
language were major problem. one learns one s mother tongue
4. Prevention of mis understanding 3. No gap between active and passive
without any reference at all to the vocabulary
first language 4. This method is based on sound
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5. Applying the direct method beyond principles of education
the elementary levels 5. This method shifts the focus in
6. Second language should se learned early instruction from the literary
in way which first language was language to the spoken language
acqulced, but obviously far less 6. The direct method abandoned first
time language as the frame of reface for
7. Effectiveness of these verbalizing second language
skills depends an maturation level 7. The teachers do not spend a great
of the child or type of environment deal of time explaining grammar,
on intelligence setting up complicated exercises
8. First language learning process and managing paper flow.
really applicable to second foreign 8. Teacher this developed new non –
language learning at later stage translational techniques.
9. The student’s dissatisfaction in the 9. This gave rise to the focus an a text
long run causes and invalidates the book, to illustrating meanings
classroom situation through objects and answers, to
10. Vocabulary teaching takes a lot of using spoken narratives
time
10. The ultimate aim is developing the
ability to think in the target
language
CHAPTER V
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
The Primary goal of direct method and communicative approach is how to use a foreign language to
communicate. The direct method and communicative approach are similar in that they all aim at teaching
language for communication. How ever, each of method has its own way to achieve its goal. while the direct
method tries to establish a direct link between the target language and meaning by immersing students in rich
sample of the structural and lexical items being taught and the communicative approach stands out with its
emphasis not only on linguistic forms and meaning but also on factions. Before the communicate language
method appear, the previous method is direct method which is the out come of a reaction against the previous
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method. Although, all the methods described so far are symbolic of the progress foreign language teaching
ideology underwent in the last century. these were methods that came and went, influenced or gave birth to new
methods–in a cycle that could only be described as competition between rival methods or passing fads in the
methodological theory underlying foreign language teaching. finally, by the mid-eighties or so, the industry was
maturing in its growth and moving towards the concept of broad “ approach “ to language teaching that
encompassed various method, motivations for learning English, types of teachers and the need of individual
classroom and students themselves.
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION
The academic and intellectual word may see the direct method as being quite unusual and non-traditional.
However, direct method is who wanted to learn a foreign language without having to be too concerned about
grammatical translation.
The communicative approach is only deemed successful if the teacher understands the student. The goal of this
method is to have student speak the language fluently enough for notive speakers to understand what they are
saying.
In the cause of its development, the direct method underwent certain changes of growth. the teacher followed
the natural process by which a person learns its mother tongue, that is by imitation, repetition and direct
association. Communicating teacher makes the students adopt not only the basic spoken principles of the
language, but also the culture of it. In fact, language with the means of communication enables to merge with a
foreign language culture by communication psychological abilities, adapting which makes an impact one’s
mind listening to someone’s speech.
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