MATH1179 Mathematics for Computer Science

Vectors and Matrices Tutorial Sheet - Answers

10   − 2  3 
1. Let p =   q =   and r =   find p+3q, q-r, p+q-r
3  5   − 2
10   − 2  4
p+3q =   +3   =  
3  5  18 
 − 2  3   − 5
q-r =   -   =  
 5   − 2  7 
10   − 2   3  10   − 5   5 
p+q-r =   +   -   =  3  +  7  = 10 
 3   5   − 2      

6 1 
 1 1  
2. Let A =   , B =  2 − 3 , C = (2 0 4 )
 − 2 5 2 1 
 
 3 
  1 − 5 8 1 0  2 6
D=  1 , E =   , F =  
 − 2  2 1 2 − 2 5  4 3
 
Evaluate WHERE POSSIBLE the following, if not possible explain why
i) 2A, ii) A+B, iii) BF, iv) CD,
v) DC, vi) B-A, vii) E+F, viii) AE,
ix) ED, x) F2 , xi) A-1

 1 1  2 2 
i) 2A =2   =  
 − 2 5   − 4 10 
6 1 
 1 1  
ii) A+B =   +  2 − 3  not possible - dimensions not the same
 − 2 5  2 1 
 
6 1   6 × 2 + 1× 4 6 × 6 + 1 × 3   16 39 
   2 6    
iii) BF =  2 − 3    =  2 × 2 + (−3) × 4 2 × 6 + (−3) × 3  =  − 8 3 
 2 1   4 3  2 × 2 + 1× 4 2 × 6 + 1 × 3   8 15 
  
 3 
 
iv) CD = (2 0 4 )  1  = -2
 
 − 2
 3   6 0 12 
   
v) DC =  1  (2 0 4 ) =  2 0 4 
 − 2  − 4 0 − 8
   
6 1 
   1 1
vi) B-A =  2 − 3  -   = not possible - dimensions not the same
   − 2 5 
2 1 

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1 − 5 8 1 0  2 6
vii) E+F =   +  = not possible - dimensions not the same
2 1 2 − 2 5   4 3 
 1 1  1 − 5 8 1 0
viii) AE =    =
 − 2 5  2 1 2 − 2 5 
 1× 1 + 1× 2 1× (−5) + 1× 1 1× 8 + 1× 2 1× 1 + 1× (−2) 1× 0 + 1× 5 
  =
 ( − 2) × 1 + 5 × 2 ( − 2) × ( − 5) + 5 × 1 ( − 2) × 8 + 5 × 2 ( − 2) × 1 + 5 × ( − 2) ( − 2) × 0 + 5 × 5 
 3 − 4 10 − 1 5 
 
 8 15 − 6 − 12 25 
 3 
1 − 5 8 1 0  
ix) ED =    1  = not possible –
 2 1 2 − 2 5   − 2
 
rows of D not the same as the number of columns of E.
 2 6  2 6  28 30 
x) F2 =     = =  
 4 3  4 3  20 33  2 x 2

1  5 − 1 1  5 − 1
xi) A-1 =  =  
1 × 5 − 1 × (−2)  2 1  7  2 1 

3. A rectangle R is given by the coordinates P(1,1) , Q(5,1), R(5,2) and S(1,2)

Draw its position on a graph
Draw its position after transformation with EACH of the following matrices
0 1  0 − 1 − 2 0   − 3
W =   V =   U =   and with the translation vector m =  
1 0 1 0   0 − 2  2 
You should start each time with R and describe the effect of each of the transformation.
 −1 0
Using F =   form the product FV and use it to find the position of R after being
 0 1
transformed by V and then F.(note the order of composition). Draw FV(R) and comment on
the result.

VR WR FVR =WR

R+m

UR

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1 5 5 1
R =  
1 1 2 2  2 x 4

0 1  1 5 5 1 1 1 2 2
WR =     =   reflection in the line y = x
1 0  2 x 2 1 1 2 2  2 x 4 1 5 5 1  2 x 4

0 − 1 1 5 5 1  −1 −1 −2 − 2
VR =     =   rotation 90o a.c.
1 0  2 x 2 1 1 2 2 2x 4  1 5 5 1 2x 4

− 2 0  1 5 5 1 − 2 − 10 − 10 − 2
UR =     =   enlargement
 0 − 2  2 x 2 1 1 2 2 2x 4  − 2 −2 −4 − 4  2 x 4
s.f. -2
 − 3
Using w   the rectangle is moved back 3 and up 2
 2 
 −1 0  0 − 1 0 1
F × V =     =  
 0 1  2 x 2  1 0 2x2  1 0  2 x 2

0 1  1 5 5 1 1 1 2 2
FVR =     =  
1 0  2 x 2 1 1 2 2  2 x 4 1 5 5 1  2 x 4
We can see FV = W so the effect is reflection in line y=x

4. Solve the following simultaneous equations using matrices

(i) 2x + 3y = 8 (ii) 4x – y = 21 (iii) 5x +y = 23
x+ 4y = 9 -10x +3y = -53 3x + y = 15
(i) 2x + 3y = 8
2 3  x  8
x+ 4y = 9     =  
1 4  2 x 2  y  2 x1  9  2 x1

 x 1 4 − 3  8  1  5   1 
  =    =   =   x=1, y=2
 y  2 x1 5  − 1 2  9  5 10   2 
(ii) 4x – y = 21
 4 − 1  x   21 
-10x +3y = -53     =  
 − 10 3  2 x 2  y  2 x1  − 53  2 x1
 x 1 3 1  21  1  10 
  =   =   x=5, y=-1
 y  2 x1 2 10 4  − 53  2  − 2 
(iii) 5x +y = 23
5 1  x   23 
3x + y = 15     =  
3 1 2 x 2  y  2 x1  15  2 x1
 x 1  1 − 1 23  1  8 
  =    =   x=4, y=3
 y  2 x1 5 − 3  − 3 5  15  2  6 

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5. Why can’t you solve these simultaneous equations ? ( HINT look at them on a graph)
(i) 2x + y = 9 (ii) 2x+3y = 7
6x + 3y = 27 2x + 3y = 8
i) 2x+y=9 Eq.1
6x+3y=27 Eq.2
By dividing Eq.2 by 3 3(2x+y)=3(9) the Eq.2 will became 2x+y=9
So there is only one equation and we cannot solve and obtain two variables (x,y) by one
equation. They represent the same straight line.

ii) There is a conflict on the two equations this can illustrate by subtracting Eq.1 from
Eq.2
2x+3y=7 Eq.1
2x+3y=8 Eq.2
----------------------------------
Result 0 = -1 (?) They represent parallel lines,

In both cases the determinant is 0 alerting you to the problems.

 0 − 1
6. Let q be the matrix  
 1 0 
Construct a multiplication table using this as the starting element.
Show that it is closed (eventually no new matrices appear). X
The start of the table is shown  0 − 1  − 1 0 
   
 1 0   0 − 1

 0 − 1  −1 0   0 1 1 0
X        
1 0   0 − 1  −1 0 0 1
 0 − 1 −1 0   0 1 1 0  0 − 1
         
1 0   0 − 1  − 1 0 0 1 1 0 
−1 0   0 1 1 0  0 − 1 −1 0 
         
 0 − 1  − 1 0 0 1 1 0   0 − 1
 0 1 1 0  0 − 1 −1 0   0 1
         
 − 1 0 0 1 1 0   0 − 1  − 1 0
 1 0  0 − 1 −1 0   0 1  1 0
         
 0 1 1 0   0 − 1  − 1 0  0 1

There are no new matrices appearing in the multiplication table after these as q represents
a quarter turn.

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