I. Participate in social interactions.

1.1 Present Simple

1. Making negatives

Correct the sentences.

1. The sun rises in the west.
The sun doesn‟t rise in the west. It rises in the east.

2. The Pope lives in Alaska.

___________________________________________________.
3. Manchester United footballers wear yellow shirt.
___________________________________________________.
4. Kangaroos come from Canada.
___________________________________________________.
5. The sun shines at night.
___________________________________________________.
6. In Britain people drive on the right.
__________________________________________________.

2. Making questions

Write the question.

1. I get up at ________________.
What time do you get up?

2. At the weekend I always go to ____________________________.

_____________________________________________________________

3. The bank opens at __________________.

______________________________________________________________

4. My mother comes from ________________.

______________________________________________________________

5. My children go to _________________________________ school.

Which ________________________________________________________?

6. My brother works in _________________-

Where ________________________________________________________?

7. My sister drives a ____________________________.

What sort _______________________________________________________?
Test your grammar

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Look at the pairs of sentences. Which one is correct?

1. She speaks five languages.

She‟s speaking five languages

2. Look at that man! He wears such a funny hat.

Look at that man! He‟s wearing such a funny hat.

3. Don‟t take that book back to the library. I‟m reading it.
Don‟t take that book back to the library. I read it.

4. They‟ve got two daughters and two sons.

They are having two daughters and two sons.

5. Do you understand Spanish?

Are you understanding Spanish?

1.2 Present continuous (Spelling of the present participle)

1. Spelling of the present participle

Write the –ing form of these verbs

1. read reading
2. swim ____________
3. come ____________
4. rain _____________
5. wear ____________
6. think ____________
7. shine ____________
8. smoke ___________
9. have ____________
10. take _____________
11. wait _____________
12. get ______________
13. stop _____________
14. run _____________
15. begin ____________

2. Choosing the correct form

Choose the correct form of the verb

1. I go / am going to work now.

2. I read / am reading a book about environmental education.
3. I read / am reading lots of books every year.
4. We go / are going to a party on Saturday.
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 5. Nurses look after patients in hospital
6. Annie comes / is coming from Ireland.
7. I write / am writing a report.
1.3 Simple past tenses (Regular and irregular verbs)

1. Choosing the right verb

Complete the text with a verb from the box in the Past Simple.

Fall find break

Laugh spend leave
Lose need take
Celebrate save
Can‟t (past = couldn‟t)

Gary Smith yesterday ______________ his twentieth birthday, but he‟s lucky to be alive. In
March this year, he was climbing Ben Navis, Britain‟s highest mountain, when he
(1)__________ his way and (2) ____________ sixteen hours in sub-zero temperatures.
“My friends (3) ___________ at me for having so much survival equipment, but it (4) _______
my life”. On the first night, the weather was so bad that it tore his new mountain tent into pieces,
so he moved into a Youth Hostel. He (5) ______________ the hostel at 10.00 the next morning,
but that afternoon he was in trouble. “I (6) _______ off a rock and (7) _______ my left leg. I (8)
_______move”.
Mountain rescue teams went out to look for Gary, and (9) ______________ him at 9.00 the next
morning. A helicopter (10) _______________ him to hospital, where he (11) __________
several operations, “Next time I‟ll go with my friends, not on my own” he jocked.

1.4 Past continuous

1. Forming the Past Continuous

Yesterday you went to a party. This is what you saw when you arrived. Make sentences in the
Past Continuous.

When you arrived at the party….

1. Jenny/talk to Mick
Jenny was talking to Mick.

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2. Annie and Pete/ dance
_____________________________________

3. Sarah and Bill/sit/ on the sofa.

_____________________________________

4. Katie/choose a CD.
_____________________________________

5. Max/drink/ champagne
_____________________________________

6. Beth and Dave/eat/cheese

_____________________________________

7. Justin/show/Lucinda a photograph.
______________________________________

8. Harris/smoke/ a cigar
_______________________________________

2.5 Future forms (Going to and will for plans, arrangements, decisions,
evidences, offers, refusals, promises)
Read the dialogue between John and Anna
J: I‟m going to the shops soon. Do you want anything?
A: No, I don‟t think so. Oh, hang on: We haven‟t got any sugar left.
J: It‟s all right. It‟s on my list. I‟m going to buy some.
A: What about bread? We haven‟t got any bread.
J: OK. I‟ll go to the baker‟s and I‟ll buy a loaf.
A: I‟ll be at work when you get back.
J: I‟ll see you later, then. Don‟t forget Jo and Andy are coming round for a drink tonight.
A: Ah, right. Bye.
J: bye, darling.

Discussing grammar
Choose the correct verb form
1. “My bag is so heavy”
“Give it to me. I’ll carry / I’m going to carry it for you.
2. I bought some warm boots because I’ll go / I’m going skiing.

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 3. Tony‟s back from holiday”
“Is he? I’ll give / I’m going to give him a ring”
4. “What are you doing tonight?”
“We’ll see / We’re going to see a play at the theatre.”
5. “You can tell me your secret. I won’t tell / I’m not going to tell anyone.
6. “Congratulation! I hear you’ll get married / you’re going to get married.
7. “I need to post these letters.”
“I’ll go/ I’m going shopping soon. I’ll post / I’m going to post them for you.
8. “Now, holidays. Where will you go / are you going this year?” “We don‟t know yet.”

2. Use appropriate grammar and vocabulary

2.1 Quantifiers (much/many; some/any; a few, a little, a lot/lots of)
Starter: Play the alphabet game with things you can buy. Continue around the class.
A Yesterday I went shopping and I bought an apple
B Yesterday I went to the shops and I bought an apple and some bread.
C Yesterday I went to the shops and I bought an apple, some bread and cheese.
D Yesterday ……………………………………………………………………
GRAMMAR SPOT
Can we count milk (one milk, two milks)?
Can we count eggs (one egg, two eggs)?
When do we say How much……?
When do we say How many……?

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
1. Complete the sentences with some or any.
1. Have you got ______________ brothers and sisters?
2. We don‟t have _________cheque book left.
3. Here are ______ letters for you.
4. I need ______ pocket money.
5. Is there _______ mail for me?

2. Complete the sentences with much or many.

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 1. Have you got __________ homework?
2. We don‟t need _____ eggs. Just half a dozen.
3. Is there ______ traffic in your town?
4. I don‟t know _____ people in my town.
5. How _______ work is there in your company?

3. Complete the sentences with a little, a few, or a lot of.

1. I have _______ close friends; Two or three.
2. He has _________ money. He‟s a millionaire.
3. “Don‟t you take sugar in coffee?” “Just _____________. Half a spoonful”
4. “Have you got _______CDs?” “Hundreds”
5. I‟ll be ready in ___________ minutes.
6. She speaks good English, but only _______ Portuguese.

2.2 Definite and indefinite articles (a, the or nothing)

Articles
Discussing grammar
1. In pairs, find one mistake in each sentence
1. He‟s postman, so he has breakfast at 5. A.m.
2. The live is more important than money.
3. I come to the school by bus.
4. I‟m reading one good book at the moment.
5. “Where is Jack?” “In a kitchen”
6. I live in centre of town, near the hospital.
7. My parents bought the lovely house in the country.
8. I don‟t rat the bread because I don‟t like it.
2. Complete the sentences with a/an, the, or nothing (-).
1. I have two children, ______ boy and ______ girl. ______ boy is twenty-two and______ girl is
nineteen.
2. Mike is ______ soldier in ______ Army, and Chloe is at ______ university.
3. My wife goes to ______ work by______ train. She's ______ accountant. I don't have______ job.
I stay at ______ home and look after ______ children.
4. What______ lovely day! Why don't we go for ______ picnic in park?
5. „What did you have for ______ lunch?' 'Just ______ sandwich.'
2.3. Modal verbs (can/ can’t, must/mustn’t, should/shouldn’t, have to/ don’t
have to, and allowed to)
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Test your grammar

1. Look at the sentences

can
You must go.
should
have to

2. Make the sentences negative

Make them into questions
Make them into the third person singular (He/she……)

2.4. Questions tags

Form
Question tags are very common in spoken English. The most common patterns are:
positive sentence – negative tag e.g.: You’re Jenny, aren’t you?
or negative sentence – positive tag e.g.: It isn’t a very nice day, is it?

We repeat the auxiliary verb in the tag. If there is no auxiliary, use do/does/did.
You haven’t been here before, have you?
You can speak French, can’t you?
We should take the dog out, shouldn’t we?
Banks close at three, don’t they?
Ana eats meat, doesn’t she?
You went to bed late, didn’t you?

NOTE: For negative question tags with I’m…, use aren’t.

I’m late, aren’t I? NOT I‟m late, am‟t I?
But,
I’m not late, am I? NOT I‟m not late, aren‟t I?

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Look at the dialogues between Caroline bailey (C) and her secretary, Norma (N). Fill each
gap with the correct question tag, Choose from the box.

didn‟t I? aren‟t I? isn‟t it? am I? haven‟t I? doesn‟t It?

C: Now, what‟s happening today? I‟ve got a meeting this afternoon, ___________________?
N: Yes, that‟s right. With Henry and Ted.
C: And the meeting‟s here, ______________________________ .
N: No, it isn‟t. It‟s in Ted‟s office, at 3.00.
C: Oh! I‟m not having lunch with anyone, _____________________.
N: No, you‟re free all morning.
C: Phew! I‟ll star on that report, then. Er… I signed all my letters, _______________.
N: No, you didn‟t, actually. They‟re on your desk, waiting for you.
C: Ah, right! And tomorrow I‟m going to Scotland, _____________________.
N: Yes. You‟re booked on the early morning shuttle.
C: OK. It doesn‟t leave until 8.00, ________________?
N: 8:15, to be precise.
C: Gosh, Norma! Where would I be without you?
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Articles – a and the
1. The indefinite article a or an is used with singular, countable nouns to refer to a thing or
an idea for the first time.
We have a cat and a dog.
There‟s a supermarket in Eduardo Mondlane Avenue.
2. The definite article the is used with singular and plural, countable and uncountable
nouns when both the speaker and the listener know the thing or idea already.
We have a cat and a dog. The cat is old, but the dog is just a puppy.
I‟m going to the supermarket. Do you want anything? (We both know which
supermarket)

Indefinite article
The indefinite article is used:
1. with professions.
Example: (a) I‟m a teacher; (b) She‟s an architect.
Definite article
The definite article is used:
1. before seas, rivers, hotels, pubs, theatres, museums, and newspapers.

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 Example: the Atlantic the Mozambican Ethnologu Museum The Notícias
2. if there is only one of something.
Example: the sun the President the Government

No article
There is no article:
1. before plural and uncountable nouns when talking about things in general.
E.g.: I like potatoes Milk is good for you
2. before countries, towns, streets, languages, magazines, meals, airports, stations, and
mountains.
E.g.: I had lunch with John. I bought potatoes at CDN station.
3. before some places and with some forms of transport.

at home in/to bed at/to work at/to school/university

by bus by plane by car by train on foot
E.g.: She goes to work by bus. I was at home yesterday evening.

Expressions of quantity: much/ many, some/any, a few/a little/ a lot of

much and many

1. We use much with uncount nouns in questions and negatives.
How much money have you got?
There isnt much milk left.
2. We use many with count nouns in questions and negatives.
How many people were at the party?
I didnt take many photos on holiday.

some and any

1. Some is used in positive sentences.
I‟d like some sugar.
2. Any is used in questions and negatives.
Is there any sugar in this tea?
We don‟t have any washing-up liquid.
3. We use some in questions that are requests or offers.
Can I have some cake?
Would you like some tea?

a few and a little

1. We use a few with count nouns.
There a few oranges left, but not many.
2. We use a little with uncount nouns.
Can I give you a little help?

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a lot/lots of
1. We use a lot/lots of with both count and uncount nouns.
There‟s a lot of butter.
I‟ve got lots of friends.
2. A lot/lots of can be used in questions and negatives.
Are there lots of tourists in your country?
There isnt a lot of butter, but there is enough.

Exercise

Tick (√) the correct columns.

We use ... with CNs with UNs in positive in in negative
sentences questions sentences
Some √ √ √ √ (sometimes) x
Any
Much
Many
a lot/lots of √ √ √ √ √
a few
a little

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