Aa 45 1981 215, RRR) SB ASo| BHBEHO OX)= BATS] SS as" BME ofeete The Effects of Pulse Current on the Surface Appearance of Chromium Plating 8. H.Han® S.C. Kwon** and W. K. Yeot** ~ Abstract ‘The surface appearance of chromium electrodeposit was studied by employing 2 pulse curr- ent plating in self-regulating high speed (SRHS) bath containing 209/¢, K.SiR, 7.59/¢ Sr$O, and 250876 CrO5 ‘As the pulse frequency increased, the surface appearance changed suddenly from bright a- ppearance in a direct current plating condition to gray one in the range of pulse frequency ess than about 20KHz. However the bright appearance is recovered as the pulse frequen. cy exceeded 20KHz. This phenomena seemed to be related with the preferred orientation of electrodeposits, considering the relationship between the preferred orientation of elect- vodepasits and surface appearance in a SRHS bath. Direct current plating was also applied to both Sargent and SRHS bath and investigat- ion on surface appearance Was extended to the high current density of 400 A/dm. In.a Sa- rgent bath, the increase in bath temperature was necessary for bright appearance as the current density was increased within 150 A/dnt, but bright region was shown in the cons- tant temperature of 70-75°C above the current density of 150A/dz. On the other hand, two regions of surface brightness was found in a SRHS bath. One is region in the low tempetature less than 25°C and the other in the moderate temperature range from 55°C to 65°C. SAS Se asd RFE ay YL a s8aa ge Se) Bad Bas! Ba A 2 284 $408 Peas SESS 4 Ay Rava 970 de lag Be So2-18d Bb hie AHS9 Se ae seaaate salad ata sGSANIFs BWA at (Surface Treating Departmoat in Korea Instist- ute of Mactineryand Metals at chengwon, Ky pian, Korea) se0$9 39 AEH BG} BF (Door. Meta lurgy, Hongik Technical College) Ade Fa BAS OS umaS Be AA FAL SH umm Aas sag, BZETLE 1909 G. J. Sargente} os} 4 PaG4el Babe aisle alasis zal a 20) Wasa, LF Mal BAe del stSsia deh wey sargent agesge 2 BS StH AFEt] 95 Kelde wlat 4 0% val4 REHEARSE Be 28 FAS MAS RAE BUS A BE BAe B21 Ale] aTs1e al246, _. - a 210 sfebAd O11 YS BALES AAA ri7i gisist ee 2. 19300) 203 O.B- orahauser o| 1% Tetachromate 22a 1950 it 21g SRHS 2 (seit sing High Speedjol oth A Wao} Ait Sot, oS Seo “pba aiel, Bane was 2.9) RL ARS A ist (eyclie plating) ol 7i%sist alot {PA sla hel? Bridal ts sky | PRY (Periddically Reversed Plating), PCY (Pulse Current Plating htt ACY (Asy mmetric Alternating Current Platinghe = 4 Poa, 1 PC Hol ab art AES ol Sold BS, BIS GSE Baht Vash Sad Heat SAQA Basel BE. 9) altialed obti7h she Exteel aidlel 2} BF 7h slot gla Wer) ee £ APA SURI Gat wl ute] Yol adel Ae abSeda| we sMelsjel BASES ARSE PC ol oreh AL AS URBAS xAlsiaa soe, 2. see Bata ASG aA Sargent Gat SRH Bas, 2 HG2de hy Table La 24, Tablet. Composition of Plating Baths (i/t} CrOs | H,80,|K,SiFs | $180, | ae] af (Sargent | 1901.5 | = i RAS | 2 ~ |) wl or SRHS | 250 i i SAMS GAB! OUT wt. petal AiAbg ae Yagges Sa Zax, $10m, Aol ola unpdel deh y Walaa Aa veel 10 cex 30 ses]al abeiet, at Re lag ULE JEslte8, Stabe] AWE lle ste AAAS VA (square pulse) ys aH (D. Cisse 2 Bae we Bt 2. ae AML AB aba 094 igl 2 2 AVI Ag ASSES uaz ek, ™ = ES aa 4 2% 2 ASS Tables gel, ‘Table 2. Capacity of Programmable Power Supply 5 rect | Pulse |Onaracter| Current Pulse Frequency, (iz) Current (ay Fig 1. A Schematic diagran of programmable power sey system, A260 oycle power supply Tine B: Anto transor mer €: Oscilloscope D:Power amplifier B:Pulse generator F Pulse amplifier G:Gate system Plating bach [Isolation diode J :Biocking diode Kid-e rectifier AWLEL 15~80°CR sgn, cat B42 Whol Geoaa Hag eB4s ¢ Agel Le fine! $408 SeiLE As UE CEASE dele] SSE SMe 41°C USES HAA Rel S8adoo avedeguad soae9 SAGO, Be (bright), FHA milky st 24 (grayloe yehuse, ta esas BEM Dee SSS OA BRS Bashi 3let X-ray sla zt (Dian XRD-B000)- 4 Balslem, cls Cu target, Ni filters og tel 35KV tube d¢, 25mA tube a Aa dtd aq abeeea 2. ARES site, shat 8. Agim} Ss Dat 3-1 A#aS w eso Be SESH Yo) SBSEE Uebies GeeAU 48 1981 Bab ohare ASW St Sree eh St ta APEES Abul se} Sorbo eet 4 sl atas| WINS ALES S77 SS Wue at daa. Fig.2o Fig. 3e Sargent-$3+ SRHSS£ 4-B3bo] Fol 91a E3+ Edal Uy sooo daug ag UES Geol AMOS aot BS Bol, gs 8 moh ee eek ® when exe x Current Density (A/dm) woh see x x x r © 2% 8 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Bath Temperturec) Fig.2 Conditions for bright deposition in Sargent bath OO: Bright A&B: Gray X: Dark gray +e No deposit Sargent Sol lel HLS Aes 70 A/a AGUS ARSE Sto se Sea €ee Sle Ae vols Qo Baroda ol 22 gee 15Ay dre hal MAYS Ab + alSel, a 175 AMet 149 RASA AWS] Sep aE Sal Bagel 70~75°C 8) Sey ool Saab ABE AE Wasa, YA SRHS So] qslol = Sargent Bola 4 the Fiske del am WAG Fyelol Satsist 2m, APUEUE SES geal aE ab del dehde, aA gee BeColsis] xs H LEMMA IBSA/drel tel AUS He Mus} Sasa, Fad ete 55~65 °C al Seidel Sasha, EAado WE ESA USES gol a _ an wh eoge el wol loos + ; gm) dogs 5 MO oo ek B amt codx « i ° Bowh, code « 3 wf “oops « wf IEtt t : eo Bath Temperature CC) Fig.3 Conitions for bright deposition in SRHS bath (O: Bright X:Dark gray A: Gray) oie CaatH FE USES Foe AT se] Hod, Malwa] Hs angel olSsial ged fall lkes ayaa ae sd, 2 SHAE SES AGS (grain size)ol Ha} aes ten age dude aad ot EMM clel, FUME SSH Aguel BE F AMS Sebok Sote Suse Se ) of, 2G 28 ATUEP | Geld Budo! get See Ba dal WEA ong Soi at 4 Asal teen Ceae ga ols} ztel AAS S SYNC SERS AB EOlA of Fa adsl Edel ol S42 FUR dated uel ge aol ol Bobs atel 2d aoe tas Sel Hol ete da att SOW WS AREER oe 1s dl add Boe ada. 3-2 B49) Sep dz Fuhfah Eelaba bol alae zabsic! gy ol SRHS $2) 3G}UoN ole xsl a 2a HS4o SHE BE 20°C, AHUS TA/de? a) Aqaddy Stel de Eads Ue Saige, old ds bust Feat 7} T0A/ders} ESE L40A/dtE 28-3Fig. 45 YA oy bE Bh Hd ek, Saheb Hz olga a 22 WNAcho} str} VKH cle oh bah wha] ster ube S: ab 4 slst oh ee soa EDA Jere Surface Appearance Arbitrary Seale) Bright ob 2 3 4@ 8 6 LOG (Frequency) 4. Variations of surface appearance as 2 F inaction of pulse freencyin a SRHS bach at 20 cls} Ae AAs yol aS Gaol sto SRH SR AL SPA AS ahelol gale, Sargent Sol SOLS Sal LF ahGol slslol aatslaict, J.0.Saddington $22 SF NA AVS We dade dade Be Lassi on, cid R22) Swart hs aoe lac S.lgawa $2 y nebo, gal M. Inagaki 5 S.Uedae AGA Sal wits ols (rip ple) S5ifol a Eipelol Was waste oo, Ae F5+esel de SeQ SSS az ala asta silat Ase deals. SAMS EFS) Tas Basle RAbsil Hse SSSI SAMES x-ray slaes BARE Ase Fig.59} Yo] SBS walter SsbGel ds} ashe ae este, e a au 200 110 Big.5 x-niy diffraction pattern of deposits placed with varions pulse fraqency. 2 powder pattern as 2 standard D)10H2 ©) 100Hz @AKHz © 100KHe FAME AGE AWASZ YH inverse po- le figure ¥™)l 91sio] Fa BS Table 34 Yshisic, Gal stale 4 wales ¢ 4 Fabtol tet ge] ahed Pig.6 54 lel (310) vist (200) Le Fe Wes! FAS yeule (211) Ae Feel Dalgtel AS Usha ge Stet asia. AAA LAM Valse Vaz pel shal 2 EM Azdat (200) 4 (110) 1 2 ple Sl oS CAR AGo shel ha) ale aab Fig. Tol webstis} del Bassb+el sheh aha sbe} zh taht} Sebshal te] Szbsee WB petAwe 25 19H 219 Table 3,Texture Coefficents of Deposits in Chromium Electro - Plating frequency kL Jothk1y | 1 (hkl) | TthktAochkl)) TC T.C(200)/7.C(110) no 100 100 1,00 0.99 10 200 6 26 1.63 1.61 1.63 2 30 12 0.40 O41 0 100 100 1,00 1.42 50 200 16 13 0.81 1.15 0.81 2 30 9 0.8 0.43 0 100 | > 100 1,00 1.22 200 200 6 u 0.88 2.07 0.88 2 30 a7 0.87 1.70 410 100 100 1.00 1.08, 500 200 6 a 1.31 il 131 a 30 4 047 | 0.51 0 100 100 1.00 1.03 1,000 200 6 1B 1.13 1.18 Ltd 2 30 23 0.77 0.79 no 100 100 1.00 | 0.67 100,000 200 16 a7 2.94 1.9% 2.93 au 30 yw 0.57 | 0.38 no 300 100 1.00 | 0.83 pe 200 16 we 2.00 1.66 2.00 au 30 19 0.68 0.52 AE Wish he FE ALS ESTs TC. Oo: (no) A Balade] AAG HAM alse) vob aS ‘2: (200) abit LoS Rea UH, 23 3 9 52 2 o 2 & ° LOG ( frequency ) & Fig.7 Variations of Texture Coefficent ratio We, clade Fig. aol algo Batal+ ‘with Pulse froqenciess424 SGedl dell adds cise a Sao Hele Gel abe} a aotl Beam) Sh (110) Re] Sale Bale vjol op ato} aged S402 add, Ue esse adgees FHo AA of S BAS! Z= (roughness) 9} Z SEY £45 Yk Edl2z dae a 7 olFolaok Y ow aby, a @ SZ AQs|e Sargent 25h SRHSAaL HU Sa aa age te 2 ame. 3) Sargent 3h sloi4} Algol ag es BGH4e Aged eld as eee AE MASI OM, ISDA/ Unto} 2) 24 YHA TONTSCO UA Bealé Gy Fhge, 2) SRHS4al gel] HAL Wess & ASSES HENS Vee F gaol te em, AS Sete 25°Colsbery 7047 onel9 AFUE USA Sasi a EYE SH0°C Ss. Yooaj Sat stale, 3) SRESSoi4 Garielel Foe abst SEid B4e 25KHy clabel Se glee Sage dehdal Vsteri, of olga dl EMIS vhasbalel Byol ot al ebstel ol MAS SBE] Sab Px] #2) ell T.C(200)/7.C (110) 9) BA. soitd 2 Wel PG ae sea gael T.C(200)/7.C(110) 2 Rat Re Roe gael stats s5 x wt 1) A.S.M. : Metal Handbook 8th edition , 2, 446 (1969) 2) Arthur Legozao: Metal Finighing Guide~ book Directory 246(1969) 3) GJ .Sargent : Trans. Am, Blectrochem Soc.,87, 479(1920} ) D.R.Gabe : Principles of Metal Surface ‘Treatment and Protection. 2n. edition , Pergamon Press, 37(1978) shag ae 5) D.Borahanser : German Patent 608757 417.4.35) 6) }.E.Stareck, F.Passal and H.Mahlstedt: Proc, Am. Electroplaters,So¢ .37,31 (1950) 7}C.C.Wan, 4.Y.Cheh and 1.8. Linford Plating 61(6) .559(1974) 8) TP. Sung, C.C Wan and ¥.M.Shy:Met~ al Finishing, 66(5) ,33(4979) 9) G.Perger and P.M.Robinson : ibid,66112), 1741879) 10) A.J Avila and M. J. Brown + plating, 1105(1970) 1H} S.S.Kruglikov , N.T.Kudryavtsev, R.P Sobolev and A.Y2.Antonov: plating. 53, 78{1966) 12) A.Knoedler : Galvanotechnik, 61(4), 290 (1970) 33) FA, Lowenheira: Modern Electroplating, Jolin, wiley & Sons Inc, 88(1963) 14) D.J.Macnaughton and A.W. Hother salt: Trans. Faraday Soc.,31,1168(2935) A.W.Hothersall and G.E.Gardam : J E1- ectroplaters’ Tech Soe. 15, 127{1939) 16) L.S.Palatnik: Trans. Faraday Soc. , 32, 939(1936) a) W.A.Wood : ibid, 31 ,1248(1995) 28) W. Blum, A.O. Beckman ané W. 8 Meyer Trans. Blectrochem. Soc., 8, 249 aga) 19) GL, .Clark and $.H.Simousen + J.Ble~ ctrochem,Soc., 98, 110(1951) a 5) 20) W. Smith, J..Keeler and H.J Read: Plating , 36,385( 1949) 21) T_P.Hear : Trans. inst. Met. Finish. ing, 29, 302 (1953) 22) J.C Saddington and G.R.Hoey. Pla. ting, 61(10) , 923(2974) 23) S. Igawa and ¥-Uchikosbiki : J Met. surf. Fin, of Jap., 2620), 586 (1973) 24) M.Inagati and $.Ueda: ibid, 275), 241 1976) 25) G.B Harris: Phil. Mag. , $3,112(1952)