CITATION OF

REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
AT THE END OF THE LESSONS, YOU
ARE EXPECTED TO:
• 1. define what citation is;
• 2. enumerate importance of citation in Review of
Related Literature (RRL);
• 3. differentiate each of the styles of citation with
one another; and
• 4. craft the RRL Chapter following the formatting
guidelines for citation and referencing page using
the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

Group 4
DEFINITION,
IMPORTANCE, AND
STYLES OF
CITATION
WHAT IS CITATION?
• A citation are set of rules on
how to cite sources in an
academic writing. Whenever
you refer to someone else’s
work, a citation is required in
order to avoid plagiarism
(Swaen,2015).
WHAT IS CITATION?
• Citation is referred to as, the way
you tell your readers that a
certain material in your work
came from another source. It will
give the readers the information
necessary to find that source
again (Turnitin, 2017).
THE IMPORTANCE
OF CITATION
It is helpful for anyone who wants to find out
more about your ideas and where they came
from.

It shows the amount of research you’ve done.

It strengthens your work by lending outside

support to your ideas.

A basis of authenticity of one’s study.

Ensures the ethical and academic honesty of
someone’s work.

Reveals the sources of information and

knowledge.

It served as a legal basis in crafting the

body of your study.
 STYLES OF
CITATION USED IN
AN ACADEMIC
PAPER
 STYLES OF CITATION

American Psychological Chicago

Modern Language Association
Association
(MLA) (APA)
MODERN LANGUAGE ASSOCIATION (MLA)
• This citation style is commonly used
in the Humanities (e.g. English,
Literature, Arts, Philosophy). It
involves short in-text citations that
point to a list of sources at the end
of the work.
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)
• This citation style is used in the Social
Sciences (e.g. Anthropology, Business,
Communication, Education, Political Science,
Psychology). It involves in-text citations with
author and date, pointing to a list of
references at the end of the work.
 CHICAGO
• It is a citation style that was introduced
and published by the Chicago
University. This style uses short in-text
citations with the author's name and
publication date, usually in round
brackets.

This style supports two styles:

3.1 Notes and Bibliography; and
3.2 Author-Date.
THE AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION (APA)
FORMAT OF
REFERENCING
 WHAT IS AN AMERICAN
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA)
REFERENCING?
Apa is the documentation style of
the american psychological
association, used mainly in social
sciences and education to
summarize, paraphrase, or quote
information from sources like books
WHAT IS A REFERENCE PAGE AND A
BIBLIOGRAPHY?
THE REFERENCE PAGE LISTS ALL THE SOURCES
CITED IN A PAPER, TYPICALLY INCLUDING THE
AUTHOR'S NAME, DATE, TITLE, AND SOURCE. IT
ACKNOWLEDGES THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF OTHER
WRITERS AND RESEARCHERS TO THE
MANUSCRIPT.
 WAYS ON HOW TO
CRAFT THE
REFERENCE LIST OF
YOUR RESEARCH
PAPER.
1. BOOKS.
Pattern:
Author’s last name, Initial of First Name (Year of Publication).Book Title. City
of Publication: Name of Publication.

Example:
Allen, T. (1974).Vanishing Wildlife of North America.
Washichton,D.C.: National Geographic Society.
2. ENCYCLOPEDIA
AND DICTIONARY.
Pattern:
Author’s Last Name, Initial of the First Name (Year of Publication).Title of the
Article.Title of Encyclopedia (volume, pages). City of Publication. Name of
Publication.

Example:
Bergmann,P.G.(1993). Relativity. In the New Encyclopedia
Britannica (v.26,pp.501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
3. MAGAZINES
AND NEWSPAPER
ARTICLES.
Pattern:
Author’s Last Name, Initial of the First Name. (Year of Publication). Article
title. Periodical title, volume number (issue number if available).inclusive
pages.
Example:
Harlow,H.F. (1983). Fundamentals of preparing
psychology journal articles. Journal of
Physiological ad Psychology, 55.893-896.
4. WEBSITE OR
WEBPAGE.
Pattern for an Online Periodical:
Author’s Name (Date of Publication). Title of article. Title of periodical,
volume number, Retrieved month day, year, from full URL.

• Example:
Devitt, T. (2001,August 2). Lightning injuries for at music festival. The Why/Files.
Retrieved January 23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org./137lightning /index.html
Pattern for an Online Document: Author’s Name. (Date of
Publication). Title of Work. Retrieved Month day, year from
full URL)
• Example:
Devitt, T. (2001,August 2). Lightning injuries for at music festival. The Why/Files.
Retrieved January 23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org./137lightning /index.html
THANK YOU