Nurse Author Editor - 2019 - Isenburg - Plagiarism Detection Software and Its Appropriate Use

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17504910, 2019, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00034.x, Wiley Online Library on [25/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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17504910, 2019, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00034.x, Wiley Online Library on [25/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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17504910, 2019, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00034.x, Wiley Online Library on [25/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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17504910, 2019, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1750-4910.2019.tb00034.x, Wiley Online Library on [25/02/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
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