> 1.1. Irrational numbers
Integers are whole numbers. For example, 13, -26 and 100004 are integers.
You can write rational numbers as fractions. For example, 94, 34 and
18; are rational numbers.
‘You can write any fraction as a decimal.
9F=9.75 3, =-3.26666666... 185 = 18.4545454.
The fraction either terminates (for example, 9.75) or it has recurring
digits (for example, 3.266666666666... and 18.45454545454...)
There are many square roots and cube roots that you cannot write
as fractions, When you write these fractions as decimals, they do not
terminate and there is no recurring pattern, For example, a caleulator
gives the answer V7 = 2.645751... The calculator answer is not exact. The
decimal does not terminate and there is no recurring pattern. Therefore,
47 is not a rational number.
‘Numbers that are not rational are called irrational numbers. 47, V3,
‘¥i0 and 4/45 are irrational numbers. Irrational mumbers that are square
roots or cube roots are called surds.
There are also numbers that are irrational but are not square roots or
cube roots. One of these irrational numbers is called pi, which is the
Greek letter x. Your calculator will tell you that m= 3.14159... You will
meet 7 later in the course.
irrational number
rational number
surd
The set of rational
numbers includes
integers.
Square roots of
negative numbers
do not belong to
the set of rational
or irrational
numbers. You
will learn more
about these
numbers if you
continue to study
mathematics to a
higher level.Do not use a
ulatOr for this question,
a Show that /90 is between 9’and 10.
b Nisan integer and 990 is between N and N + 1. Find the value of NV.
Answer
a /92=81 and10®= 100
81.<90< 100 This means 90 is between 81 and 100.
So V81 < ¥90 <¥i00
And so 92990 <10
b 4°=64 and 5*= 125
64< 90 < 125 and so
64 < 190 < 9/125
So4< 90