Analysis of 2x2 Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Various Feeding Techniques

First author First author1,3,∗ , Second author Second author2,∗∗ , and Third author Third author3,∗∗∗
1
Insert the first address here
2
the second here
3
Last address

Abstract. The performance of a Rectangular microstrip patch antenna employing various feeding strategies
such as coaxial feed, SR(sequencial rotational) feed, and microstrip line feed is described in this article. At
a frequency of 2.44 GHz, three antennas are proposed. The antenna is made of FR-4, a dielectric constant,
thickness, and loss tangent. For several feeding approaches, return loss, VSWR, Smith chart, and bandwidth
are all simulated and compared.HFSS software is used for design and smimulation.
Keyword: —Microstrip patch antenna, feeding technique, microstrip line, coaxial feed, SR feed.

1 Introduction

In recent years, wireless communication has exploded.

The antenna is one of the most important components
in a wireless communication system. In telecommunica-
tions, a microstrip antenna (also known as a printed an-
tenna) is an antenna built on a printed circuit board using
the microstrip technology (PCB). On one side of a dielec-
tric substrate, there is a radiating patch, and on the other
side, there is a ground plane. Antennas come in a va-
riety of shapes, including rectangular, square, elliptical,
and round. The most common patch shape is rectangu-
lar, which is more realistic for a thin substrate.Microstrip
Figure 1. 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using SR(sequencial ro-
Antennas are employed in various practical applications
tational)feed topology
such as WLAN, WiMAX, and Bluetooth due to devel-
oping trends in the wireless communication system. Mi-
crostrip antennas provide a number of advantages, includ-
ing their light weight, small volume, ease of fabrication, remaining lengths transform the impedance at the junc-
and low-profile design. Microstrip antennas are widely tion point to the impedance at the output ports. The initial
utilised in arrays as well as as single elements. widths of these lines are chosen by conducting some cal-
culations for equal power distribution. The overall layout
is simple and compact, occupying (0.35g)2 area. More-
2 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using over, an open stub is added at an arbitrary location in the
SR(sequencial rotational)feed feed to optimize the performance of the SR phase feeding
network.[1]
The input port of the SR phase feed, denoted by P1, has
impedance Zp1 = Zf determined from testing connector
or RF circuitry. P2 through P5 are the antenna feeds in
which power is distributed equally with an incremental
phase delay of 90◦, connected to the respective antenna
elements. The lengths l1 through l7 are quarter wave
(g/4) impedance transformer at the operating frequency in
which l2, l4, and l6 provide the impedance transformation
between the junction points of the SR phase feed. The
∗ e-mail: Figure 2. 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using SR(sequencial ro-
∗∗ e-mail: Mailaddressforsecondauthorifnecessary tational)feed
∗∗∗ e-mail: Mailaddressforlastauthorifnecessary
Figure 3. Reflection coefficient.

Figure 5. 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using coaxial feeding

Figure 4. 3d polar plot.

Figure 6. Reflection coeficient

3 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using

coaxial feeding
The Rectangular Microstrip Antennas (RMSAs) have been
designed at operating frequency 2.44 GHz with input
Impedance of 50Ω using substrate FR-4 which has dielec-
tric constant = 4.4 , loss tangent tan=0.02 and thickness
h =1.6mm. The microstrip Antenna parameters are calcu-
lated from the following semi-empirical equations at ref-
erence frequency 2.44 GHz .The coaxial or probe feed is
a popular microstrip patch antenna feeding method. The
inner conductor of the coaxial cable is linked to the radiat-
ing patch of an antenna in this feeding approach, while the
outer conductor is connected directly to the ground plane
illustrated . Fabricating and matching a coaxial probe feed
is simple, but modelling it is more challenging. The key
Figure 7. 3d polar plot.
advantage of the coaxial probe feed approach is that it al-
lows you to match the input impedance at any point. Its
drawbacks include a narrow bandwidth and modelling dif-
ficulties, particularly for thick substrate.

4 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using

microstrip line feed
Figure shows the Microstrip Line Feed. It’s one of the sim-
plest methods to make because it’s just a conducting strip
linked directly to the patch’s edge, which is smaller in size
than the patch. It’s simple to model and straightforward
to match with input impedances of 50 ohms or 70 ohms,
which may be done by adjusting the inset position. The
disadvantage of this approach is that as the thickness of
the substrate increases, the amount of spurious radiation
increases, limiting the bandwidth (typically 2-5 percent ).
Controlling the length and width of the patch allows for
perfect matching.
 Table 1. Optimized Parameters of The Proposed Antennas

parameter SR Coaxial Line

feed feed feed
Resonant 2.44GHZ 2.44Ghz 2.44Ghz
frequency
Substrate FR4 FR4 FR4
Dielectric
constant 6.15 4.5 4.5
Loss
tangent 0.027 0.02 0.02
Figure 8. 2x2 Microstrip patch antenna using microstrip line Length of
feed patch 26.49 28.3 28

Figure 9. Reflection coeffiecent.

constructed antenna (HFSS). Figure illustrates a return

loss graph for a rectangular patch antenna with a SR
feed,coaxial probe feed, a microstrip line at 2.4GHz, with
return losses of -21.994, -40, and -30.57 dB, respectively.
The greatest return loss measured for coaxial feed is -40
dB, according to the data. 50.5+2.3j,74.27+24.50j, and
33.56+2.4j are the impedance for SR feed, coaxial probe
feed, microstrip line feed respectively.the vswr(mag) is
1.5 for sr feed,1.1 for coaxial feed and 1.02 for microstrip
Figure 10. 3d polr plot. line feed.
THe directivity of SR feed is 5.78 whereas its 4.9 and
4.80 for coaxial feed and microstrip line feed,and gain fo
5 Result and analysis SR feed ,coaxial feed and line feed is 8.25dbi,4.5dbi and
2.5dbi and also comapre to coaxial and line feed Sr feed
Feeding SR Coaxial Line has higher radiatio effiency that is 50 perecent whereas
Tecgnique feed feed feed its 33.3 percent for coaxial and 40 for line feed.Hence
Returnloss -21.994db -40db -30.57db when we comapre the three feeding technique, the
VSWR(mag) 1.5 1.1 1.02 SR(sequencial rotational)feeding has higher gain and
Impedance diectivity then coaxial and line feeding.
50.5+2.3j 74.27+24.50j 33.56+2.4j
Directivity
5.78 4.9 4.80
Gain References
8.25dbi 4.5dbi 2.5dbi
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