Coordinated Control of Wind turbine and Energy storage system for

Microgrid Stability
N. Attou*1, S. Zidi1, S. Hadjeri1 and M. Khatir1
1
Electrical Engineering Department Intelligent Control & Electrical Power Systems Laboratory
(ICEPS), Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes, 22000, Algeria
*correspondence E-mail : attioun12@gmail.com

Keywords: Droop Control; Energy Storage system; Wind turbine.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

In recent decades, the development of renewable energy generation based on grid-

connected wind turbines has accelerated due to changing energy needs, the problem of global
warming and the depletion of fossil fuels. However, its intermittent and stochastic nature could
have a significant impact on the reliability and stability of the power system. Therefore, there
is a need to mitigate power fluctuations to better harness wind power. To address this gap, this
paper presents a control strategy based on a droop controller with an integrated storage system
for a residential grid-connected variable speed wind power system (permanent magnet
synchronous generator) (PMSG) to manage and stabilize the power output during intermittency
periods. The main objective is to provide stable U/f when a fluctuating event occurs. A grid
outage scenario was tested to see how the control system performs in the event of an unexpected
power fluctuation and its role in the stability of the power system under varying wind speed and
load conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed control method was validated by
MATLAB/Simulink considering a small power system. The simulation results demonstrate the
performance of the control system in the stability of the U/f during grid interruption.

Introduction

The use of robust wind turbine control algorithms is therefore desirable for both
stabilization and tracking [1-2]. The chosen control should be robust, in the sense that it should
guarantee a low sensitivity to disturbances. Indeed, the use of conventional control techniques
for this type of system is probably not the best approach to the problem. This has led to advanced
control techniques such as sliding mode control [3], backstepping control [4] and predictive
control [5]. A comparative study between these control methods has shown that the sliding
mode control strategy has interesting characteristics such as robustness to turbine and generator
parametric uncertainties and to power system disturbances. Moreover, it is easy to implement
and it does not use the wind speed and avoids the chattering phenomena but, the main drawback
of the control resides in the well-known phenomenon of "chattering". This appears as a high
frequency oscillation around the equilibrium point, due to the very discontinuous nature of the
sign function. This phenomenon is almost always problematic. Other proposed research has
illustrated that MPC is a control technique for systems with relatively slow dynamics, or at least
compatible with the fact that at each sampling time the control signal results from solving an
optimization problem, it works well under turbulent wind conditions and optimizes the control
loop in real time. This technique has inherent delay and feed forward compensation of
measurable disturbances. Beside all these advantages, there are still some disadvantages
associated with it. One of them is the necessarily high computational load and the need to have
an appropriate process model. For backstepping control, some researchers have classified as a
systematic and recursive design methodology for nonlinear feedback control that can efficiently
linearize a nonlinear system in the presence of uncertainties. In contrast to other information
linearization techniques, adaptive backstepping has the flexibility to keep the useful
nonlinearity intact during stabilization. This control is applicable to a wide class of nonlinear
systems, regardless of their order, but it has some problems that limit its applicability. To
address these shortcomings, our focus has been on developing a control technique for a PMSG
wind turbine using an ESS. The control system ensures that excess wind energy is stored in a
battery energy storage system when the generator speed increases [6]. In addition, an energy
storage system integrated with the PMSG wind turbine systems can also be used to enhance
and stabilize the generator output within the capacity of the energy storage system in the event
of wind speed variations. The study developed in this paper is designed for a variable speed
wind energy system (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)) coupled to an energy
storage system.

Figure 1. PMSG wind turbine system with ESS

The Simulation Model of the proposed topology is shown in Figure 1. The Matlab Simulink
bloc was used to obtain the required results for the variable-speed PMSG with battery power
storage system. The performance of the proposed control system is studied under variable load
and wind speed conditions.

Figure. 2 (a) Grid voltage. (c) grid current (b) Figure. 3. (a) Wind turbine voltage. (c) Wind
Grid Power current (b) Wind and ESS Power
 Figure 2 shows the behavior of the wind-grid-ESS system in terms of voltage (a) current
(b) and power (c) as a function of time. It can be seen that when the system operates in grid-
connected mode the load demand is met by the grid, and the battery is charged by the wind
generation as shown in Figure 3. From 0 to 2s, we can observe a stability of the voltage and
a fluctuation of the current due to the load variations. In this situation, the grid stabilizes the
voltage, and the wind system is designed to charge the batteries. When an event occurs, at
t=2s, the Microgrid is disconnected from the grid, Thus, the wind system feeds the load and
the storage system in turn begins to discharge to ensure system stability and compensate for
unexpected fluctuations. It can be seen that the load-side voltage shows slight fluctuations
due to grid disconnection. It can also be seen that wind variations have little or no influence
on the load-side voltage variations, and that the operating frequency of the system is regulated
within its nominal value Figure 2 shows the variation of load voltages, load currents, and
generator power as a function of time. It can be seen from Fig.2.c that the wind system charges
the battery from 0 to 0.5s and from 1.5 to 2s to ensure the stability of the power supply during
islanding. It can be seen that the voltage remains stable despite the grid disconnection. [1],
[2] We can conclude that the role of the ESS is to absorb the maximum power of the PMSG
when the wind speed exceeds certain limits in order to control the unexpected fluctuations of
the wind generation and the grid, as needed. However, the voltage and frequency at the
terminals remain constant whatever the variation. It can also be seen that the control system
implemented ensures a stability of the parameter (voltage and frequency) during the wind
variation. This combined control strategy of a droop controller and a storage system has
improved the results obtained by conventional methods. This demonstrates the efficiency of
the developed technique in smoothing the power supplied to the grid and stabilizing the
frequency and voltage. However, the control system is always ready to fill the power deficit
by battery storage. The simulation results show that the integrated control system and the
energy storage system can provide a constant power output under the fluctuating wind
generation conditions and during the islanding mode.
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