Lance Jefferson L.

Cadiang

BSEE

Battery stores an amount of energy; this kind of energy source could be into heavy machineries. There
are two ways to store energy into a battery; one is by charging it, and two is by formulating a certain
chemical reaction.

It is a device that can convert chemical energy into electricity. It is also called an electromotive force. A
battery has two electrical terminals, positive terminal and negative terminal. The terminals are attached
to metallic plates inside the battery.

A battery can be a primary or secondary cell. Primary cells cannot be recharged while secondary cells
can be, since the chemical reaction is reversible unlike with primary cells.

PARTS OF A BATTERY AND ITS FUNCTION

The Container is a steel that forms the battery’s casing which hold the anode, cathode and electrodes.

The Cathode is a mix of carbon and manganese dioxide, it is the positive electrode that acquires
electrons from the external circuit and is reduced during the electrochemical reaction.

The Separator is a fibrous fabric that is positioned between positively charged anode and the negatively
charged cathode, the positioning helps with the prevention of electrical short circuiting.

The Anode comprises powdered zinc metals, anode is a negative electrode and is one of the vital parts
of a battery.

The Electrolyte is a solution inside batteries. Based on the type of battery, it can be a paste like
substance or liquid. The electrolyte serves the purpose of movement of ions within the cell. It carries
the iconic current inside the battery.

The Collector is the brass pin in the middle cell that provides conduction of electrons from inside the
electrochemical reactions to the external part without any reaction within the operation window.
FACTORS THAT WERE CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN OF BATTERY

• Life Cycle – Primary batteries can produce currents as soon as assembled, but once the active
elements are consumed, they cannot be electrically recharged. As for Secondary batteries, it
tends to lose energy at a higher rate but has recharging capabilities.

• - Voltage – Battery opening voltage is another aspect that is considered and is dictated by the
electrode materials used. Many electronic components operate at a minimum voltage of 3 V.
The higher operating voltage of lithium-based chemistries enables a single cell to be used rather
than two or three aqueous-based cells in series to make up the desired voltage.

• Temperature Range – aqueous-based zinc-carbon cells cannot be used bellow 0 degrees C.

Lithium-ion batteries can be charged at maximum rate only within a narrow window of about
20-45 degrees Celsius in rechargeable applications. Beyond this temperature range, lower
voltages need to be used, resulting in longer charging times. Another thing to note is the
explosion of lithium-based batteries due to high/low-temperature charging, or short circuiting
from contaminants.

• Shelf Life –it is the amount of time that it can be stored without losing its performance. Primary
batteries have a much longer shelf life than secondary batteries. Although shelf life is more
important for primary batteries because of the fact that secondary batteries can be recharged.

• Physical Size and Shape – Most all batteries you find anymore though, despite their outer case,
are made up of cylindrical cells. Cylindrical batteries are that way because it is cheaper to make.
It also designed to fit what they are or were most commonly used in. They come in different
sizes (A, AA, AAAA, C and D) but most importantly they fill round devices that fit the hand.