Calculus Reviewer y=4 x−8+ 4

y=4 x−4
Week 9 – Derivative as the slope of the Tangent Week 10 – Rules of Differentiation
Line
The procedure for finding the exact derivative
To find the equation of the tangent line to the directly from a formula of the function without
graph of y=f ( x )at the point P( x 0 , y 0), follow having to us graphical methods is called
this 2-step process: differential calculus. In practice, we use some
rules that tell us how to find the derivative of
1. Get the slope of the tangent line by almost any function.
computing
The derivative of the function f the function f’
y− y 0 f ( x )−f (x 0) whose value at a number x in the domain of f is
m= lim ∨m=lim
x→ x x−x 0
0 x→x x−x 0
0 given by:

2. Substitute this value of m and the f ( x +h )−f ( x)

coordinates of the known point
f ' ( x )=lim
h→ o h
P( x 0 , y 0), into the point-slope form to
Different Notations
get:
- Newton: ẋ
y− y 0=m(x−x 0)
- L’Hopital: y ' ∨f˙ ' ( x )
Example: Find the equation the tangent line of dy d
2 - Leibniz: ∨ f (x)
y=x at x=2 dx dx
If our x 0=2, then our y 0=4 ,
Therefore, point P is at (2, 4)
Example: Find the first derivative of
y− y 0 2
m= lim f ( x )=3 x +4
x→ x0 x−x 0
' f ( x +h )−f ( x)
x 2−4 f ( x )=lim
m=lim h→ o h
x →2 x−2
2 2
[3 ( x +h ) +4 ]−(3 x + 4)
(x−2)(x+ 2) ¿ lim
m=lim h→o h
x →2 x−2
¿ lim ¿¿ ¿
m=lim ( x +2) h→o
x →2

m=4 (3 x 2 +6 hx +3 h2 +4 )−( 3 x 2 +4 )
¿ lim
h→o h
Finally, the equation of the tangent line with
slope m=4 and passing through P ( 2,4 ) is: 3 x 2+ 6 hx+ 3 h2+ 4−3 x 2−4
lim
h→o h
y−4=4 ( x −2 )
6 hx +3 h2
y−4=4 x−8 ¿ lim
h→o h
 2
6 hx +3 h Rule #7: The Quotient Rule
¿ lim
h→o h If u and v are differentiable functions, and v ≠ 0,
h(6 x+3 h) v ∙ d u+u ∙ d v
¿ lim '
h→o h Then f ( x )=
v2
¿ lim ( 6 x +h )
h→o Rule #8: Derivative of Trigonometric Functions

f ' (x)=6 x a. sin x=cos x

b. cos x=−s ∈x
Differentiation Rules c. 2
tan x=s ec x
Rule #1: The Constant Rule d. cot x=−c sc x
e. s ec x =sec x tan x
If f (x)=c , where c is a constant, f. csc x=−cs c x cot x
then f ' ( x )=0 Rule #9: Derivative of an Exponential Function

Rule #2: The Power Rule If f ( x )=e x, then f ' ( x )=e x

If f ( x )=x n , where n is any Natural Number,

then f ' ( x )=n x n−1
Week 11 – Higher-Order Derivatives and the
Rule #3: The General Power Rule Chain Rule

(special case of Chain Rule) Higher Order Derivatives

If u is a differentiable function of x, - The derivative of y with respect to x

and n is any Real Number, and D x y can be further differentiated.
The derivative of the first derivative is
d n
Then ( u ) =n ∙u n−1 ∙ du called the second derivative and
dx dx 2
d y
2
denoted by D x y∨ 2 and further
Rule #4: The Constant Multiple Rule dx
n
If f ( x)=k ∙h (x), where k is a constant, n d y
differentiation results to D x y∨ n
dx
then f ' ( x )=k ∙ h' ( x )
Derivative F’ Y’ Dx Leibniz
Rule #5: The Sum Rule dy
First f ' (x) y' Dx y
dx
If f ( x )=g ( x ) +h( x ), where g and h are
2 d2 y
differentiable functions, Second f ' ' (x) y'' Dx y 2
dx
then f ' ( x )=g' ( x ) +h ' ( x ) 3 d3 y
Third f ' ' ' ( x) y''' Dx y
Rule #6: The Product Rule
d x3
4 d4 y
If u and v are differentiable functions, Fourth f (4 ) (x) y
(4)
Dx y
d x4
Then f ' ( x )=u ∙ dv+ v ∙ du n dn y
Nth f (n) (x ) y (n ) Dx y
d xn
 n+1
x
∫ x dx=
n
n+1
+C
Chain Rule
b.2. If n is a real number and n=−1, then
- The chain rule below provides for a
formula for the derivative of a
composition of functions. Theorem 9,
∫ x n dx=ln|x|+C
let f be a function differentiable at c and c. if a is a constant and f is a function, then
let g be a function differentiable at f(c).
Then the composition g o f is ∫ a f ( x ) dx=a∫ f ( x ) dx
differentiable at c and
d. if f and g are functions defined on the same
' '
D x ( gof )( c ) =g [f ( c ) ]∙ f ( c ) interval

- Another way to stat the Chain Rule is ∫ [ f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ]=∫ f ( x ) dx ± ∫ g ( x ) dx

the following: If y is a differentiable
function of u defined by y=f (u) and u
is a differentiable function of u defined Week 13 – Antiderivatives of Functions Yielding
by u=g (x), then y is a differentiable Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
function of x, and the derivative of y
with respect to x is given by:
dy dy du Theorems
= ∙
dx du dx
a. ∫ e x dx=e x+ C
a
b. ∫ ax dx= ln a +C ,
Week 12 – Antiderivative of an Algebraic Here a > 0 with a ≠ 1.
1
Function c. ∫ x −1 dx=∫ x dx=ln|x|+C
It Is a function that reverses what derivative
does. Basically, the opposite of it.

The symbol ʃ denotes the operation of Week 14 – Antiderivatives of Trigonometric

antidifferentiation, and we write Functions

∫ f ( x ) ⅆx =F ( x ) +c a. ∫ sin x dx ¿−cos x +C
Where F ' ( x )=f ( x ) ,and c is an arbitrary
b. ∫ cos x dx=sin x +C
constant. This is read “The indefinite integral of
c. ∫ sec2 x dx=tan x +C
f ( x ) with respect to x is F ( x ) +c ”. d. ∫ sc s 2 x dx=−cot x +C
e. ∫ s ec x tan x dx=sec x +C
Theorems on Antidifferentiation
f. ∫ csc x cot x dx=−csc x +C
∫ dx=x+C
b.1. If n is a real number and n ≠−1 , then