Electrical Design II

(ELEC3110)

Winter 2023 - Week 9

 Topics
• Emergency Lighting Continued…
• Illuminated Exit signs
• Review of requirements for next assignment submission
• Generators
• What is an electric generator?
• Standby Generators
• Emergency Generators
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• What are they?
• Illuminated signs located so that the public can always determine how to exit a building
anywhere along the path of exit.
• Must now always have arrows pointing in the direction of exit (not strictly required until
January 2020).

Newer style “Green Running Older red letter type (cannot no

Man” Pictograph with longer install these in new
directional arrow, ISO 7010 construction as per OBC, must install
green running man pictograph type,
ISO 7010)
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Where are they required?
• Ontario Building Code:
• Part 3 Buildings: OBC Code rule 3.4.5
• Part 9 Buildings: OBC Code rule 9.9.11.3
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• What does this all mean???
• In general, exit signage must be provided so that no point along the exit path can be
found where an exit sign is not visible.
• Exit signs can be:
• double sided or single sided
• wall mounted or ceiling mounted

Double sided Single sided

ceiling mounted wall mounted
 Illuminated Exit Signs

Ceiling mounted Wall mounted

Floorplan Floorplan
Two Sided One One Sided
Symbols: Symbols:
Sided
(Shaded (Shaded
side side
indicates indicates
exit sign exit sign
face) face)
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Compliance with ISO 7010 (as per OBC):

• Must be running
man green
pictograph showing
direction of exit path

• Must include
directional arrow
to clarify direction
of exit path
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Mounting Locations:

• Above Doorways: Place a single sided exit sign above every doorway along
the exit path as well as the exit door itself with appropriate direction arrow...
Including the exterior door.

• In Hallways and Open Areas: an exit sign should be visible at every point in
hallways and open areas. Wall mounted or ceiling mounted signs at hallway
intersections to guide people out of the building.

• Unless larger signs are purchased, maximum viewing distance for exit signs is
generally limited to 200 feet (about 35m).

• If nearest exit sign to a given point is more than 200', place intermediate wall
or ceiling mounted sign(s) with appropriate directional arrow in the exit path
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Intersection in hallway example #1:
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Intersection in hallway example #1:
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Open Office
• example:
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Exit signs must always be illuminated at all times, even during power
failures
• Much like emergency lights, a generator or battery must power the exit
signs during a power failure. We will consider battery powered units
as we did with emergency lighting.
• Lithium batteries have made exit signs with built-in batteries the most
common method of powering them. These units are called self-
powered exit signs.

Battery
Status
Light
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Exit signs must always be illuminated at all times, even during power
failures
• Much like emergency lights, a generator or battery must power the exit
signs during a power failure. We will consider battery powered units
as we did with emergency lighting.
• Lithium batteries have made exit signs with built-in batteries the most
common method of powering them. These units are called self-
powered exit signs.

Floorplan
Symbol:
• Updated Illuminated Exit Signs
Open Area
Floorplan
Example
with Exit
Signs
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• Similar to emergency lighting, exit signs must also be included in the
luminaire schedule:
 Illuminated Exit Signs
Same considerations as we discussed for Emergency Lighting:
 OBC Part 3 Buildings:
power exit sign units from
a circuit that powers
nothing but exit signs
and emergency lighting.

 OBC Part 3 and Part 9

Buildings:
Power with same circuit as
lights in room, as long
as upstream of
any lighting controls (self
powered units only).
 Illuminated Exit Signs
• In Class:
• Review steps for generating a lighting design:
1. Select Light fixtures, create luminaire schedule:
• Ceiling types: recessed, surface mount, suspended, wall mounted, etc.
2. Lay out fixtures on floor plan
• At minimum use published spacing criteria, better way would be to use lighting
software to verify lighting levels
• ALL AREAS
3. Lighting controls that meet NECB requirements: Manual switch, bi-level (if required),
occupancy sensing or timers (if allowed and preferred)
4. Select emergency lighting and exit signs, include in luminaire schedule
5. Lay out emergency lighting and exit signage on floor plan
6. Circuit all normal and emergency lighting to 15A circuits in panelboards
• Show updated panel schedules
• Show all circuiting on floor plans
 Assignment Submission #3
• Lighting Design Criteria:
• Legend:
• Light fixture types (ceiling, wall, round, rectangular, etc…)
• Lighting controls:
• Wall switches of all types that are used
• Occupancy sensors
• Emergency Lighting and Exit Signs
• Normal lighting layout for all areas:
• Select appropriate fixtures for the various ceiling types
• One single fixture type fort the entire building is NOT acceptable
• Lighting controls that meet NECB requirements
• Wall switch type occupancy sensors or timers where required
• Bi-level control where required
• Emergency Lighting and Exit Signs for all areas
 Assignment Submission #3
• Lighting Design Criteria (continued…):

• Luminaire Schedule that includes

• WATTS, LUMENS, COLOUR TEMP, and MAKE/MODEL for EVERY LIGHT FIXURE
• WATTS and MAKE/MODEL for EVERY EMERGENCY LIGH and EXIT SIGN

• Circuiting for ALL LIGHTING

• We will continue to circuit lighting to the panel schedules that were included in
assignment submission #1
• Circuit lighting to 15A 120V circuits such that 80% of the circuit is not exceeded
• INCLUDE UPDATED PANEL SCHEDULES THAT SHOW WHAT LIGHTING IS
CONNECTED TO WHAT CIRCUITS
• ALSO, FLOORPLAN MUST SHOW WHAT CIRCUIT LIGHTING IS CONNECTED TO
• PANEL SCHEDULE CIRCUITS AND CIRCUITS SHOWN ON LIGHTING
FLOORPLANS MUST MATCH

• Due: Week 11 – Friday March 24 at midnight

 Emergency Lighting – Alternative to Battery Units
• So far (and for your assignments), battery units have been considered as the
means to provide emergency lighting where required in buildings
• Review
• OBC 3.2.7.4 – Power requirements for Emergency Lighting
• OBC 3.2.7.5 – Requirement IF generator is selected as power source

• But what is a generator?

 Generators
• What is an electric generator?
• An engine driven machine that generates electricity
• Engine can run on diesel or natural gas
• Located outside of the building
• Used to power a building (or part of a building) during a power failure
 Generators
• A generator alone is not enough… A switch must also be used to:
• Disconnect utility power from the building
• Start the generator
• Connect the generator to the building instead
• This switch is called a TRANSFER SWITCH
• It is located inside the building
 Generators
• General arrangement of a standby generator system:

Transfer Switch

Communication
Wiring

Generator
Utility Power

Building
Sample Single Line Diagram – Standby Generator
 Generators
• There are two classes of generators:
• Standby

• Emergency
 Generators
• Can a standby generator be used to power normal building
lights to serve as emergency lights?

• Can an emergency generator be used to power normal

building lights to serve as emergency lights?
 Generators
• How do generators connect to a building power system?
• A transfer switch disconnects building loads from utility power, and
connects the generator to them.
• For a standby generator, a transfer switch generally connects the
generator to:
• The whole building
• For an emergency generator, a transfer switch often connects the
generator to:
• Essential loads only:
• Emergency lighting
• Fire pump, fire alarm panel
• Medical equipment
Emergency Lighting – Emergency Generators
• OBC:
• 3.2.7.4. Emergency Power for Lighting
• 3.2.7.5. Emergency Power Supply Installation:
• CSA C282, “Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings”
• Emergency Rated – Reliable enough for life safety applications
• Must be in a heated enclosure so that it does not fail to start in cold
temperatures
• Must be tested monthly (can be programmed to auto-test)
• Onboard controller that monitors for trouble or failure, and an
alarm is required inside of building to notify owner
Emergency Lighting – Emergency Generators
• Canadian Electrical Code:
• 46-108(4) – separation of emergency system wiring from normal
system wiring
• See Appendix B46-1 diagram…

• The electrical distribution system must be divided so that

emergency system wiring is completely separate from non-
emergency system wiring:
• Separate breaker panels
• Separate wiring and conduits
• Separate transfer switches!!!
Sample Single Line Diagram – Emergency Generator
Emergency Lighting – Emergency Generators
• Emergency power systems (including all of the interconnected
wiring) must be installed so that they run as long as possible
during a fire:
• OBC:
• 3.2.7.10. Protection of Electrical Conductors
• Subrule (1)(d) – required for emergency lighting, BUT
• Subrules (8), (9), and (10) provide exceptions
Emergency Lighting – Emergency Generators
• OBC:
• 3.2.7.4. Emergency Power for Lighting
• 3.2.7.5. Emergency Power Supply Installation:
• CSA C282, “Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings”
• Emergency Rated – Reliable enough for life safety applications
• Must be in a heated enclosure so that it does not fail to start in cold
temperatures
• Must be tested monthly (can be programmed to auto-test)
• Alarm required inside of building to notify owner of generator failure
Emergency Lighting – Emergency Generators

• Questions of Comments?