Microsorum pteropus (Java Fern) and

Nelumbium speciosum (Sacred Lotus) for

Pond Water Quality Maintenance

An Entry to the 2017 Division Science and Technology Fair

September 29-30, 2017
Mabilbila Integrated School
Santa, Ilocos Sur

Applied Science – Team Category

Researchers:
Aedrielle N. Ascaño
Janus John C. Calla
Corinne Beatrice B. Inay

Project Adviser:
MARIBEL M. BAGAOISAN

Consultants:

MYRNA F. JARA
Head Teacher VI, Science

ANTONIO S. FARINAS
(School Principal IV)

SINAIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Sinait, Ilocos Sur
 Research Plan

A. Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to determine the effect of aquatic plants to the water

quality of a pond water inhabited by Tilapia nilotica. Specially, it seeks to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the effect of Java fern (Microsorum pteropus) and Sacred Lotus

(Nelumbium speciosum Wild) plants to the water quality in terms of the following

parameters?

a. pH Level

b. High range pH level

c. Ammonia

d. Nitrite and

e. Nitrate

2. Is there any significant difference between the quality of the pond water planted

with Java fern (Microsorum pteropus) and the Sacred Lotus (Nelumbium speciosum

Wiild) in terms of :

a) pH Level?

b) High range pH level?

c) Ammonia?

d) Nitrite?

e) Nitrate?
3. Is there any significant difference between the water quality parameters tested in

the pond with aquatic and without aquatic plants?

B. Hypothesis

This study will be guided by the following hypotheses.

1. Java fern (Microsorum pteropus) and Sacred Lotus (Nelumbium speciosum Wild)

affect the water quality of the pond in terms of

a. pH Level

b. High range pH level

c. Ammonia

d. Nitrite and

e. Nitrate

2. There is a significant difference between the quality of the pond water planted

with Java fern and sacred lotus in terms of the following parameters:

a. pH Level

b. High range pH level

c. Ammonia

d. Nitrite and

e. Nitrate

3. There is a significant difference between the quality of the water in the pond

planted with aquatic plants and the unplanted pond in terms of:

a) pH Level

b) High range pH level

 c) Ammonia

d) Nitrite

e) Nitrate

C. Methodology

Locale of the study

This study will be conducted at Sinait National High School from August 08,

2017 to September 15, 2017. The water testing will be done at Laboratory 2 of Sinait

national High School.

Research Design

The Randomized Pre-Test- Post Test Control Group Design under True

Experimental Research Design will be used in the study. The water quality of the setups

before and after the experiment will be compared.

Data Gathering Procedure:

a. Preparation of the Experimental Setups

Nine (9) disposed water containers of the same size with 4 gallons of water storage

capacity will be used as a miniature of a pond. The spout will be enlarged by removing
the top part of the container. Two (2) kilograms of soil will be placed in each of the nine

(9) containers. These will be group into three (3), two of these will serve as the

experimental group to be planted with Java fern and Sacred lotus and the other will be

the control group.

b. Collection of Aquatic Plants

Three (3) Java fern plants will be taken from a planted aquarium from Barangay

Namnama, Sinait, Ilocos Sur and three (3) Sacred lotus plants will be collected in a

pond inhabited with Koi at Barangay Macabiag, Sinait, Ilocos Sur.

c. Planting Procedure

Each plant will be planted into the six containers with two kilograms of soil.

Three containers will be planted with Sacred Lotus and the other three containers will be

planted with Java fern. After planting, four (4) gallons of water will be placed in each of

the 9 containers. The other three containers will serve as the control. These setups will be

left undisturbed for 24 hours to let all the solid particles in the water to settle at the

bottom of the container.

d. Observation Procedure:

The water quality parameters such as pH, high range pH, nitrate, nitrite and

ammonia will be tested using a freshwater master analysis test kit which measures the

most important water quality of freshwater. The procedure in the analysis kit will be

followed to measure the parameters to be tested. These parameters will be compared to

determine if the water quality of the containers will be the same before putting fishes or

Tilapia in these containers. Once the water level in each container evaporates, the same

amount of water will be added to reach the desired water level in the container. The

fishes will be fed daily with the same amount of commercial feed. After one week, the

water quality of the water will again be tested to compare if there is a difference in the

water quality before and after the experiment and to test if there is a difference in the

water quality of the three set-ups. Testing the water quality was done weekly for a period

of one month.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Analysis of Variance will be used to compare if there is a difference in the water

quality of the planted and unplanted setups. To compare if there is a difference in the

water quality parameters tested before and after the experiment, t- test for correlated

samples will be used. T- test for uncorrelated samples will be used to test if there is a

difference in the water quality parameters tested in the containers planted with Java fern

and Sacred lotus.

 Bibliography

1. https://pets.thenest.com/aquarium-plants-absorb-ammonia-12314.html

2. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ammonia

3. https://www.petcha.com/silent-killers-in-the-marine-aquarium/

4. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/nitrite#section=Top

5. https://draxe.com/nitrates/

6. aquaticplants.animal-world.com/FernsMosses/FernsMosses.php

7. www.water-research.net/index.php/nitrate

8. uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Nymphaea_nouchali_(PROSEA)

9. www.aquaticplantcentral.com.forumapc/plantfinder/details.php?id-232

10. Azeah.com/fish/importance-watrr-quality-testing-aquatic-animal-health

11. www.wheatleyriver.ca/media/nitrates-and-their-effect-on-water-quality-a-quick-

study/

12. www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10641262.2012.753405
Chapter I

Introduction

A. Background of the Study

The ideal water quality for pond water is essential in taking care of fishes. It

shows the survivability of fishes which live in a specific habitat. Fish farms and

aquarium owners need to replace the water every month for the maintenance of good

water quality. Water cannot be determined by only the naked eye whether it has the ideal

water quality. Water can carry different elements and wastes which can affect the growth

of the fishes living in that specific habitat. Even if they are left untouched, fishes will

produce Ammonia – a toxic made by the fishes’ metabolism.

Different nitrogen compounds are commonly found in aquariums and fish farms.

These commonly nitrogen compounds are Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate. These nitrogen

compounds are toxic wastes that can affect their growth and even their immunity system

which leads to death.

Some aquatic plants can absorb nitrogen compounds like Ammonia and Nitrite.

Java fern and sacred lotus are the most common aquatic plants seen in ponds and in

planted freshwater aquarium. These plants supply oxygen to the fishes because the

leaves are submerged in the water. However, there is a problem if the water quality is

affected by these plants.

 So this study was conducted to find out if these plants can prolong the quality of

pond water.

B. Statement of the Problem:

This study entitled “Aquatic Plants for the Maintenance of Water Quality in

Pond Water” was conducted to test if aquatic plants can prolong the water quality of

ponds. Specially, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the best aquatic plants that can prolong the water quality of a pond water

inhabited by Tilapia?

2. Is there any significant difference between the water quality of a pond planted

with Java fern and Sacred Lotus in terms of the following parameters:

A. pH

B. High range pH

C. Nitrate

D. Nitrite

E. Ammonia

3. Is there any significant difference between the water quality of the pond with and

without plants in terms of the following water quality parameters?

A. pH

B. High range pH

C. Nitrate

D. Nitrite

E. Ammonia
 e. Hypotheses

This study was guided with the following hypotheses:

1. The best aquatic plants that can prolong the water quality of pond water are the

Java ferns.

2. There is a significant difference between the quality of the pond water planted

with Sacred lotus and Java fern.

3. There is a significant difference between the water quality of the pond water in

with and without plants in terms of the following parameters.

a) pH Level

b) High range pH level

c) Ammonia

d) Nitrite

e) Nitrate

f. Significance of the study

Knowing the best aquatic plants that can prolong the quality of a pond is a

prime essential in attaining a good survivability of fresh water fish. The results of

this study is very useful to freshwater fish owners for them to minimize their time

in changing the water hence reducing their inputs. They can use the best aquatic

plant in maintaining the water quality thus increasing the survivability of the fish.

F.Scope and Limitations

The study was conducted at the laboratory 2 of Sinait National High

School, Sinait, Ilocos Sur from July 15, 2017 to August 15, 2017. The use of a
 water analysis kit for freshwater was used to test the water quality parameters

such as Ph, high range Ph, Nitrate, Nitrite and Ammonia. Java fern and Sacred

Lotus were the aquatic plants used

g. Review of Related Studies

Literature and Studies

Need for Good Water Quality Level

The need for good water quality level is a basic need for the survivability and

maintaining healthy aquatic animals. Fishes live in the same water or place in where they

can do anything like eat, live, and eliminate wastes like normal humans do also.

It’s very important for owners or caretakers to know the best water quality for the fishes

that they are living in because different fishes call for a different water quality level for

their survival, according to Delbeek et al (1994)

According to Swinstock (2017), a survey made on 1998 of 557 pond owners in

Pennsylvania and 10% of these pond owners had water quality problems which caused

muddy water to fish kills. A cause of this problem is that they never tested the water

quality of their ponds and they are usually only detected after they had caused these

casualties. Water quality conditions in a pond are control by natural processes done in the

water and human influences. That is why the water quality testing is needed every once in

a while.
Common Nitrogen Compounds Affecting Water Quality

According to Murphy (2007), Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrate (NO2) are common forms of

nitrogen in water. Excessive concentration of the said compounds are extremely harmful

to both humans and the wildlife. Nitrate is broken down in our intestines to become

nitrite which will eventually react with hemoglobin to become methemoglobin, which

limits the red blood cells’ ability to carry oxygen.

Also to the fishes, they will produce what they call the “brown blood disease” which

cause their blood to become a chocolate-brown color. This also cause the brown blood to

limit their cells to carry oxygen which cause death.

Ammonia is another form of Nitrogen compound that is found in water. It is the least

stable form found. When left alone, it can turn into a toxic concentration that causes loss

of equilibrium, convulsions, coma, and death to humans. To fishes, it can affect hatching

and growth rates; changes in tissues of gills, livers, and kidneys may occur during the

fishes’ structural development.

Control of Nitrogen Compounds by Planting Aquatic Plants

According to Boumis (2017), the nitrogen cycle makes it possible to keep fish in

aquariums for more than a few days or weeks, in which, fish will produce ammonia as a

byproduct of their metabolism. Unlike animals, to aquatic plants, ammonia is a food

source and not a poison. “Nitrogen Sink” is a place to dump these compounds and get

them out of the aquarium water where they can harm fish.
Importance of Aquatic Food & Resources

According to Metian (2012), nearly 30% of humanity is suffering from malnutrition and

over 70% of the world crust is covered with water, aquatic food and resources is a very

important factor and essential component of the world’s food basket to improve nutrition

and health. In Japan, surveyed that has lowest report of health problems incidents that is

connected to obesity and other heart related illness, now also one of the world’s top

consumers of captured and farmed aquatic animal food products and aquatic plants.

As one of the best aquatic animal food from a perspective, the consumption of pelagic

fish should be encouraged as well as promoted. The caring of these species is also

encouraged to the reduction of intake to terrestrial animals such as chicken, pigs and etc.
Chapter II

Methodology

A. Locale of the study

This study was conducted at Sinait National High School from August 08 to

September 15 2017. The water testing was done at Laboratory 2 of Sinait national

High School.

B. Research Design

The Randomized Pre-Test- Post Test Control Group Design under True

Experimental Research Design was used in the study. We gathered the data

analysis before and after the insertion of the Tilapia Fish. Three replications per

treatment were maintained.

C. Management Practices

1. Preparation of Water Containers

Nine (9) water containers of the same size and storage capability of

storing four (4) gallons of water were collected. The spout was

enlarged by removing the top part of the container.

2. Preparation of Soil
 Eighteen (18) kilograms of ordinary top soil were collected from

the Grounds of Sinait National High School. It was divided into nine

(9) equal amount of two (2) kilograms.

3. Preparation of Test Plants

Six (6) plants namely three (3) Java Fern and three (3) Sacred

Lotus were collected from Sinait, Ilocos Sur. The said plants were

preserved by planting them in another separate aquarium.

4. Preparation of Aquariums

Two (2) kilograms of the collected soil was inserted per container.

Two and a half (2 ½) buckets of water are putted in. The water was at

rest for a week for it clear.

5. Preparation of Treatments

Two (2) treatments and the control in three (3) replicates was

prepared and used in the study.

The treatments, including the control were:

Treatment 1 –Sacred Lotus and Pond Water

Treatment 2 – Java Fern and Pond Water

Control – Pure Pond Water

6. Planting and Maintenance of Test Plants

 The gathered plants were transplanted in each treatment. The

plants were going to kept in equal exposure to sunlight.

7. Preparation of Test subjects

Nine (9) fishes namely Tilapia were collected from Sinait National

High School. A week after the Pre-test Data Gathering will be the

insertion of the said fish in each aquarium.

8. Data Gathering Procedure

A week after the transplant and week after the insertion of the

Tilapia Fish, the water quality of the water was tested using the

appropriate equipment to test the following:

a) Ph Level

b) High Range Ph Level

c) Ammonia

d) Nitrite

e) Nitrate

f) Data Analysis

The consolidated data were arranged in appropriate table forms

and will be analyzed further using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

of Completely Randomized Design (CRD).

Chapter III

Results and Discussion

Table 1.a The pH level of Treatments and Control before Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 7.6 7.6 7.6 22.8 7.6

T2 7.6 7.6 7.6 22.8 7.6

Control 7.6 7.6 7.6 22.8 7.6

Table 1.a shows the pH level of the Treatments including the control before the

insertion of the fishes. It also shows that the water is alkaline since the pH level per

replicate in each treatment is higher than 7.0.

Table 1.b The High Range pH level of Treatments and Control before Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 8.0 8.0 8.2 24.2 8.1

T2 8.0 8.0 8.0 24 8.0

Control 8.2 8.2 8.2 24.6 8.2

Table 1.b shows the High range pH level of the Treatments including also the

control before the insertion of the fishes. It also shows that the different treatments

including the control have different High Range pH level.

Table 1.c The Ammonia level of Treatments and Control before Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

T2 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Control 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Table 1.c shows the Ammonia level of the treatments including the Control. It

also shows that the level of Ammonia is still not present or low in the treatments

including the control.

Table 1.d The Nitrite level of Treatments and Control before Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

T2 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Control 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Table 1.d shows the Nitrite level of the treatments including the control. It also

shows that the level of Nitrite is the same and it is not present or low.

Table 1.e The Nitrate Level of Treatments and Control before Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

T2 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Control 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Table 1.e shows the Nitrate level of the treatments including the control. It also

shows that the level of Nitrate is low or zero.

Table 2.a The pH level of Treatments and Control after Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 7.6 7.6 6.6 21.8 7.3

T2 7.6 7.6 7.6 22.8 7.6

Control 7.6 7.6 7.6 22.8 7.6

Table 2.a shows the pH level of treatments and control after the insertion of

Fishes. It also shows that in T2 and in the control in all replicates have the same pH level

and also with T1 but only replicate #3 has a very low pH level.

Table 2.b The High Range pH Level of Treatments and Control after Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 7.4 7.4 7.4 22.2 7.4

T2 7.4 7.4 7.4 22.2 7.4

Control 8.0 7.4 7.4 22.8 7.6

Table 2.b shows the High Range pH level of the treatments and control after the

insertion of Fishes. It shows that almost all of the replicates in each treatment has the
same High Range pH level except the replicate #1 in the control. And compared to Table

1.b, this also shows that the level of High Range pH lowered for the past week.

Table 2.c The Ammonia Level of Treatments and Control after Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 0.25ppm 0.25ppm 0.25ppm 0.75ppm 0.25ppm

T2 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Control 0.25ppm 0.25ppm 0.25ppm 0.75ppm 0.25ppm

Table 2.c shows the Ammonia level of the treatments and the control after the

insertion of the fishes. It shows that the Ammonia level rose since the insertion of fishes

in T1 and in the Control. But in T2, the ammonia level of all replicates has not changed.

Table 2.d The Nitrite Level of Treatments and Control after Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

T2 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Control 0.25ppm 0.25ppm 0.25ppm 0.75ppm 0.25ppm

Table 2.d shows the Nitrite level of the treatments and in the control after the

insertion of the fishes. It shows that the Nitrite level has not changed in the treatments but

in the control, there was a slight change in each replicate.

Table 2.e The Nitrate Level of Treatments and Control after Insertion of Fishes

R1 R2 R3 Total Average

T1 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

T2 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm 0ppm

Control 5ppm 5ppm 5ppm 15ppm 5ppm

Table 2.e shows that the Nitrite level of the treatments and in the control after

insertion of the fishes. It shows the Nitrite level has not changed at all in the treatments

except in the control which rose to 5ppm.

Chapter IV

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

The study entitled “Aquatic Plants for the Maintenance of Water Quality for Pond

Water” was conducted at Laboratory 2 at Sinait National High School from August 5 to

Sept 15. 2017. The study hope to establish a safe and effective way of taking care of

fishes in the best water quality in terms of pH level, high range pH level, ammonia, nitrite

and nitrate. Specifically, it aimed to know the best aquatic plant for maintaining the best

water quality. The two plants used were sacred lotus and java fern. The control used is

the pure tap water. The experiment made use of Randomized Pre-Test- Post Test Control

Group Design under True Experimental Research Design with three replications.

Tilapia fishes were used in each treatment in observing their water quality.

After the transplant, a week was waited for the testing of the water quality and

after the testing, the fishes we inserted in each aquarium. After the insertion of Fishes,

another week was waited for the testing of the water quality.
Summary of Findings

The mean of pH level before the insertion of fishes were 7.6 in all treatments,

mean of High Range pH level before the insertion of fishes were 8.1 in Treatment 1, 8.0

in Treatment 2 and 8.2 in the control, mean of Ammonia level before the insertion of

fishes were 0ppm in all treatments which is the same with the Nitrite level and Nitrate

level that has the mean of 0ppm. Meanwhile, the mean of pH level after the insertion of

fishes were 7.3 in Treatment 1 while 7.6 in Treatment 2 and in the control, mean of High

Range pH level after the insertion of fishes were 7.4 in both Treatment 1 and Treatment 2

while 7.6 in the Control, mean of Ammonia level after the insertion of fishes were

0.25ppm in both Treatment 1 and Control while 0ppm in Treatment 2 and in both Nitrite

and Nitrate has 0ppm in all Treatments.

Conclusion

Results of the study show that java fern is the best aquatic plant for the

maintenance of water quality because the ideal water quality in terms of pH level, High

Range pH level, Ammonia level, Nitrite and Nitrate level. The sacred lotus is also

effective in maintaining the water quality, however it is slower than the java fern to clean
up ammonia. In the control, the ammonia will increase over time since there is nothing to

clean it up.

Recommendations

Since the best aquatic plant for the maintenance of water quality is the java fern,

this must be used as an aquatic plant in fish farm and aquariums in maintaining the water

quality. This can therefore useful to increase the survivability of freshwater fishes which

is not useful only to people but also as an environmental solution for the reduction of

fishes caught in the different bodies of water.

Similar study on the quality of water using other aquatic plants should be

conducted on fishes. 7.0 is the ideal pH level; lower the Ammonia level particularly to

reduce risk of lowering the survivability of fishes; lower the Nitrite level and Nitrate level

particularly to reduce the same effects of Ammonia. Different plants may be a factor

hence should be studied further.

Appendices
pH Level Before Insertion Of Fish
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

7.27 3 0.577 T1
7.60 3 0.000 T2
7.60 3 0.000 T3
7.49 9 0.333 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.222 2 0.1111 1.00 .4219
Error 0.667 6 0.1111
Total 0.889 8

Comparison of Groups
7.80
7.60
7.40
7.20
7.00
6.80
6.60
6.40
T1 T2 T3
pH Level After Insertion Of Fish
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

7.60 3 0.000 T1
7.60 3 0.000 T2
7.60 3 0.000 T3
7.60 9 0.000 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.000 2 0.0000 0.00 1.0000
Error 0.000 6 0.0000
Total 0.000 8

Comparison of Groups
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
T1 T2 T3

High Range pH Level BeforeInsertion of Fish

One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

8.07 3 0.115 T1
8.00 3 0.000 T2
8.20 3 0.000 T3
8.09 9 0.105 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.062 2 0.0311 7.00 .0270
Error 0.027 6 0.0044
Total 0.089 8

Post hoc analysis

 p-values for pairwise t-tests
T2 T1 T3
8.00 8.07 8.20
T2 8.00
T1 8.07 .2666
T3 8.20 .0104 .0498

Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 6)

T2 T1 T3
8.00 8.07 8.20
T2 8.00
T1 8.07 1.22
T3 8.20 3.67 2.45

critical values for experimentwise error rate:

0.05 3.07
0.01 4.48

Comparison of Groups
8.22
8.20
8.18
8.16
8.14
8.12
8.10
8.08
8.06
8.04
8.02
8.00
T1 T2 T3

High Range pH Level After Insertion of Fishes

One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

7.40 3 0.000 T1
7.40 3 0.000 T2
7.60 3 0.346 T3
7.47 9 0.200 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.080 2 0.0400 1.00 .4219
Error 0.240 6 0.0400
Total 0.320 8

8.10
8.00
7.90
7.80
7.70
7.60
7.50
7.40
7.30
T1 T2 T3

Ammonia Before
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

0.0 3 0.00 T1
0.0 3 0.00 T2
0.0 3 0.00 T3
0.0 9 0.00 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.00 2 0.000 0.00 1.0000
Error 0.00 6 0.000
Total 0.00 8
 Comparison of Groups
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
T1 T2 T3

Ammonia After
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

0.250 3 0.0000 T1
0.000 3 0.0000 T2
0.250 3 0.0000 T3
0.167 9 0.1250 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.1250 2 0.06250 ########## 0.00E+00
Error 0.0000 6 0.00000
Total 0.1250 8

Post hoc analysis

p-values for pairwise t-tests
T2 T1 T3
0.000 0.250 0.250
T2 0.000
T1 0.250 1.0000
T3 0.250 1.0000 1.0000

Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 6)

T2 T1 T3
0.000 0.250 0.250
T2 0.000
T1 0.250 0.00
T3 0.250 0.00 0.00

critical values for experimentwise error rate:

0.05 3.07
0.01 4.48

Comparison of Groups
0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050

0.000
T1 T2 T3

NitrateBefore
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

0.0 3 0.00 T1
0.0 3 0.00 T2
0.0 3 0.00 T3
0.0 9 0.00 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.00 2 0.000 0.00 1.0000
Error 0.00 6 0.000
Total 0.00 8
 Comparison of Groups
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
T1 T2 T3

Nitrate After
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

0.0 3 0.00 T1
0.0 3 0.00 T2
5.0 3 0.00 T3
1.7 9 2.50 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 50.00 2 25.000 ########## 0.00E+00
Error -0.00 6 -0.000
Total 50.00 8

Post hoc analysis

p-values for pairwise t-tests
T1 T2 T3
0.0 0.0 5.0
T1 0.0
T2 0.0 1.0000
T3 5.0 1.0000 1.0000

Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 6)

T1 T2 T3
0.0 0.0 5.0
T1 0.0
T2 0.0 0.00
T3 5.0 0.00 0.00
 critical values for experimentwise error rate:
0.05 3.07
0.01 4.48

Comparison of Groups
6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
T1 T2 T3

Nitrite Before
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

0.0 3 0.00 T1
0.0 3 0.00 T2
0.0 3 0.00 T3
0.0 9 0.00 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.00 2 0.000 0.00 1.0000
Error 0.00 6 0.000
Total 0.00 8

Comparison of Groups
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
 0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
T1 T2 T3

Nitrite After
One factor ANOVA

Mean n Std. Dev

0.000 3 0.0000 T1
0.000 3 0.0000 T2
0.250 3 0.0000 T3
0.083 9 0.1250 Total

ANOVA table
Source SS df MS F p-value
Treatment 0.1250 2 0.06250 ########## 1.09E-47
Error 0.0000 6 0.00000
Total 0.1250 8

Post hoc analysis

p-values for pairwise t-tests
T1 T2 T3
0.000 0.000 0.250
T1 0.000
T2 0.000 1.0000
T3 0.250 8.11E-48 8.11E-48

Tukey simultaneous comparison t-values (d.f. = 6)

T1 T2 T3
0.000 0.000 0.250
T1 0.000
T2 0.000 0.00
T3 0.250 ######### 142359398.44
 critical values for experimentwise error rate:
0.05 3.07
0.01 4.48

Comparison of Groups
0.300

0.250

0.200

0.150

0.100

0.050

0.000
T1 T2 T3
Preparing each
container
Cutting the spout of each container

Planting the aquatic plants in each

treatment.
Data Gathering of Water
Quality (Pretest)
 Gathering the fishes.

Putting the Fishes per

replicate.
Data Gathering of Water Quality (Post Test)
Putting some soil in each container
 Labeling each container

Putting the water in each container

Pictorials