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Copia de ASTM D 816
Copia de ASTM D 816
Copia de ASTM D 816
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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D 816
the preparation of specimens bonded with the test cement for thickness or of an optimum thickness suitable to the products,
tests of Class I and shall be reported with the result of the test: as agreed by the parties concerned.
5.1.1 Aluminum Sheet, Cladded Material, gage 1.6 mm 9.2 For testing cements for use in unvulcanized applica-
(0.064 in.), tions, test specimens similar to those specified in 9.1 shall be
5.1.2 Standard Rubber Test Sheets, prepared except that the rubber cylinders used in their prepa-
5.1.3 Cotton Duck, medium texture 1030 g/m2, in accor- ration shall be cut from vulcanized rubber and the assembly of
dance with Specification D 230, and the specimen shall be made without vulcanization in a mold. To
5.1.4 Coated Fabrics, of which the fabric strength and the accomplish this, the circular faces of the rubber cylinders shall
adhesion of coating to fabric exceed the strength of the be buffed smoothly and evenly to parallel planes and shall be
adhesive bond. coated with a uniform film of the test cement 0.025 mm (0.001
5.1.5 Rolled Sheet or Machined Steel, SAE No. 1020, sand in.) in thickness or of an optimum thickness suitable to the
blasted or sanded with medium/fine abrasive, and products, as agreed by the parties concerned. With thin
5.1.6 Special materials such as leather, cork, felt, etc. cements, the coating may be done with a brush, applying
successive coats and allowing sufficient time between coats for
6. Sampling evaporation of the solvent. The faces of the metal plates shall
6.1 Before sampling, the cement to be tested shall be be freshly sand-blasted or ground to a dull finish with fine
thoroughly agitated to uniform consistency throughout, after emery and washed free of dust and oil with 1,1,1 trichloroet-
which a sample shall be taken of sufficient quantity for hane. The metal faces shall also be coated with the test cement
performance of the tests required. The sample shall be kept in as in the case of the rubber cylinders. When the cement films
a tightly closed container to prevent evaporation and shall be have dried to the point where there is still aggressive tackiness
agitated or stirred to uniform consistency immediately before but no tendency for the film to lift when touched with a finger,
test or use in preparation of test specimens. each rubber cylinder shall be bonded firmly by hand between
the cemented faces of two metal plates and the assembly shall
7. Test Conditions be clamped in a suitable loading fixture under a compressive
7.1 The tests of adhesives shall be conducted at a tempera- load of 44 N (10 lbf) for at least 24 h.
ture of 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and relative humidity of 50 6
5 %. All material and equipment shall be held at these 10. Procedure
conditions prior to test for a sufficient time to assure equilib- 10.1 Test the prepared specimens as described in Section 8
rium. of Test Methods D 429. Take care to use a tension testing
machine of capacity and sensitivity suitable for loads of the
ADHESION TESTS magnitude anticipated with the particular adhesive being
tested. Express the adhesion strength in kilopascals (or pounds
8. Types of Adhesion Test per square inch) calculated by dividing the tension load causing
8.1 The adhesion strength of a cement used to bond two failure by the original area of the adhered surface that
materials is measured by determining the force required to separates.
produce separation by failure of the adhesive. This force may 10.2 Test two specimens and report the higher of the results
be applied as (1) a direct tension pull in the direction normal to as the adhesion strength in tension provided they check within
the adhered surfaces, (2) a shearing force in the same plane as 10 % of the higher value. Otherwise, test additional specimens
the surfaces, or (3) a stripping or peeling force which produces until results are obtained consisting of the high value and one
progressive separation over the adhered surfaces. It is obvious that checks this within 10 %. If no check of the high value is
that the stripping procedure can be used only when at least one obtained when six specimens have been tested the average of
of the adhered materials is flexible. Test methods, designated all six results may be reported as the average adhesion strength
A, B, and C, are given for preparing and testing bonded in tension.
specimens by each of these types of adhesion test. The Test Method B—Adhesion Strength in Shear
adhesion test may also be applied, when specified, to bonded
specimens that have been subjected to deteriorating influences 11. Types of Test Specimens
such as accelerated aging or action of oils or solvents after their 11.1 Specimens for shear tests shall be of two types, namely,
preparation and before separation, but in this case full details Type 1 lap specimens and Type 2 sandwich specimens, as
concerning such treatment shall accompany the statement of shown in Fig. 1. Lap specimens shall be used when the
the result of the adhesion test. adhesive is to be tested for bonding materials that are both
Test Method A—Adhesion Strength in Tension extensible such as rubber, felt, or cork, or both relatively
nonextensible like metal, cloth, and leather. Sandwich-type
9. Preparation of Test Specimens specimens shall be used when one of the bonded materials is
9.1 For testing cements for use in vulcanized applications, extensible and the other nonextensible. In both types of
the test specimens shall be those specified in Sections 5 and 6 specimens, two strips of the material 25 mm (1 in.) in width
of Test Methods D 429, except that after buffing or grinding the and 125 mm (5 in.) in length shall be bonded over an area 625
surfaces to be adhered, and washing them free from dirt or oil mm2 (1 in.2) with the free ends extending parallel in opposite
using 1,1,1, trichloroethane, they shall be coated with a directions to permit clamping in a testing machine. In the case
uniform film of the test adhesive 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) in of the laptype specimens the two strips shall be bonded directly
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D 816
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D 816
holding the specimen against a plate attached to the stationary application and before bonding the materials in order to obtain
clamp. Separate the clamps at the rate of 0.8 mm/s (2 in./min) the maximum initial bond strength. A series of Type 2 shear
and record the force causing separation of the specimen in adhesion test specimens (Fig. 1) is prepared using the test
kilopascals (or pounds per square inch) of the adhered surface cement and allowing it to dry for different known periods
that separates. before uniting the materials. These specimens are cemented,
dried, bonded, and tested for adhesion strength in shear
NOTE 3—When shims or plates are added to the clamps, the testing
machine must be adjusted for zero force with these additions or the force according to a definite time schedule. The drying period that
due to their mass must be deducted from the indicated reading. results in the highest shear adhesion value is the optimum
bonding range for the cement being tested.
13.2 Test two specimens in each required combination and
report the higher of the results as the adhesion strength in shear, 17. Preparation of Test Specimens
provided they check within 10 % of the higher value. Other-
17.1 The test specimens shall be Type 2 shear adhesion test
wise, test additional specimens until results are obtained
specimens each made from two strips of aluminum alloy 25
consisting of the high value and one that checks this within
mm (1 in.) in width by 125 mm (5 in.) in length bonded by the
10 %. If no check of the high value is obtained when six
test cement to a block of heavily compounded rubber 25 mm
specimens have been tested, the average of all six results may
square by 3.2 mm (1⁄8 in.) in thickness having a durometer
be reported as the average adhesion strength in shear.
hardness of 75 to 85. The specimens shall be prepared in
Test Method C—Adhesion Strength by Stripping Method
duplicate as specified in Section 12 except that the application
(Peeling Test)
of the cement shall be so scheduled that successive pairs of
14. Preparation of Test Specimens specimens may be dried 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 min before bonding
and each tested exactly 3 min after making the bond. After the
14.1 A strip of flexible material at least 150 mm (6 in.) in first 20 min of drying time, additional intervals of 20 min to a
length by 25 mm (1 in.) in width shall be bonded by means of maximum of 2 h shall be used.
the test cement except for 50 mm (2 in.) at one end to a strip
300 mm (12 in.) in length by 50 mm in width of the other 18. Procedure
material that is to be adhered. The center lines of the two strips 18.1 Test the specimens prepared according to the prear-
shall be superimposed. The surface to be bonded shall be ranged schedule as specified in 13.3, 3 min after making the
properly prepared, for example, by buffing, washing with 1,1,1 bond and rolling them. Record for each specimen the force in
trichloroethane, drying, and coating with a film of the test newtons (or pounds-force) required to separate the rubber from
cement 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) in thickness or of an optimum the metal and select the maximum value. Report the drying
thickness suitable to the products, as agreed by the parties time used for cementing that specimen as the optimum bonding
concerned (Note 4). Uniting, rolling down, and aging shall be range. If the maximum value is obtained with a specimen dried
done as specified in Section 12 for shear test specimens. for 2 h, report the optimum bonding range as 2 h or more.
NOTE 4—In the case of porous material, the thickness of the cement
film shall not be specified. SOFTENING POINT
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