AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEG E OF EN G IN E E R IN G AND INF O R M A T IO N SC IE NC ES

Bunawan, Agusan del Sur

MATH 68/4/14
ENGINEERING
DATA ANALYSIS
Learning Material

PREPARED BY:

JANICE C. PUSPOS, ECE

INSTRUCTOR

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 VISION
ASSCAT as the premier agro-industrial Higher Education
Institution in Caraga Region capable of producing morally
upright, competent and globally
competitive human resource capable to effectively undertake
and implement sustainable development.

MISSION
ASSCAT shall primarily provide higher professional, technical
and special instructions for special purposes and to promote
research and extension services, advanced studies and
progressive leadership in agriculture, education,
forestry, fishery, engineering, arts and sciences and other
relevant fields.

QUALITY POLICY
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology’s
vision to be a premier agro-industrial Higher Education
Institution in Caraga Region is fostered by the following
principles:
· sustaining quality education experience and
community engagement;
· encouraging optimum resource management;
· developing an environment that is conducive for
intellectual and personal growth; and
· generating relevant knowledge through innovative
thinking.

To continually improve our Quality Management System, we

commit to comply with all applicable requirements and provide
service excellence in our four-fold functions.
 AGUSAN DEL SUR STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
San Teodoro, Bunawan, Agusan del Sur College of Engineering
e-mail address: op@asscat.edu.ph and Information Sciences
website: www.asscat.edu.ph; mobile no: +639483679266 email ceis@asscat.edu.ph

LEARNING GUIDE
AY 2020-2021, 2nd semester

Course No.: Math 4/14/68

Course Title: Engineering Data Analysis
No. of Hours: 3 hours/week
Course Description: This course is designed for undergraduate engineering students with emphasis on
problem solving related to societal issues that engineers and scientists are called upon to solve. It introduces
different methods of data collection and the suitability of using a particular method for a given situation. The
relationship of probability to statistics is also discussed, providing students with the tools they need to
understand how "chance" plays a role in statistical analysis. Probability distributions of random variables and
their uses are also considered, along with a discussion of linear functions of random variables within the context
of their application to data analysis and inference. The course also includes estimation techniques for unknown
parameters; and hypothesis testing used in making inferences from sample to population; inference for
regression parameters and build models for estimating means and predicting future values of key variables
under study. Finally, statistically based experimental design techniques and analysis of outcomes of
experiments are discussed with the aid of statistical software.

Learning Objectives:
At the end of this course, the students are expected to:
1. Apply statistical methods in the analysis of data
2. Design experiments involving several factors

Course Requirement:
To successfully complete the course, you are required to perform/conduct all the learning activities
specified in each topic. Overall assessment of the outputs will be based on the following:
Assessment Weight (%)
1 6.25
2 6.25
3 6.25
4 6.25
5 6.25
Grading System:
6 6.25
Criterion Reference
7 6.25
Student’s Output 60%
8 6.25 Term Exam 40%
9 6.25 TOTAL 100%
10 6.25
11 6.25 Semestral Grade
12 6.25 Midterm 40%
13 6.25 Final 60%
14 6.25 TOTAL 100%
15 6.25
16 6.25
TOTAL 100

References:
1. D. Montgomery and G. Runger (2003) Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, 3rd edition
2. W.J. DeCoursey (2003). Statistics and Probability for Engineering Applications with Microsoft Excel
3. S. Brandt (2014). Data Analysis, 4th edition
4. H. Guerrero (2019). Excel Data Analysis, 2nd edition
5. T. Agami Reddy (2011). Applied Data Analysis and Modeling for Energy Engineers and Scientists
Topic 2 : PROBABILITY
2.1 Sample Space and Relationships among Events
2.2 Counting Rules Useful in Probability Rules of Probability
Learning Activity per Topic:
1. Discuss the basic presentation and interpretation of chance outcomes that occur in the planned study
and scientific investigation using different rules of probability and sampling techniques

Lecture Notes:

PROBABILITY
 SAMPLE SPACE - The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical experiment is called the sample
space and is represented by the symbol S.

 ELEMENT - Each outcome in a sample space is called an element or a member of the sample space.
Example #1: Consider the experiment of tossing a die. If we are interested in the number that shows
on the top face, the sample space would be
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6}

Example #2: An experiment consists of flipping a coin and then flipping it a second time if a head
occurs. If a tail occurs on the first, flip, then a die is tossed once. To list the elements of the sample
space providing the most information, we construct the tree diagram
S = {HH, HT, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6}

 EVENT - Is any collection of sample points called subset of a sample space

Example #3. An experiment that tosses a coin 3 times.
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
A = event that has at least 1 head
B = event that has at most 1 head
EA = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH}
EB = {HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}

1. The complement of an event A with respect to S is the subset of all elements of S that are not in
A. We denote the complement of A by the symbol A’.
2. The intersection of two events A and B, denoted by the symbol A ∩ B, is the event containing
all elements that are common to A and B.
3. Two event A and B are mutually exclusive, or disjoint, if A ∩ B = Ø that is, A and B have no
elements in common.
4. The union of events A and B, denoted by A B, is the event containing all the elements that belong
to A or B or both.
S = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
A = {1,3,5,8,9}
B = {1,4,6,8,10}

Example #4.
If M = {x | 3 < x < 9} and N= {y | 5 < y < 12}, then
M U N = {z | 3 < z < 12}

VENN DIAGRAMS
A∩B=
B∩C =
A�C=
B’ ∩ A =
A∩B∩C=
(A � B) � C =

Math 68 – Engineering Data Analysis

Engr. Janice C. Puspos
College of Engineering and Information Sciences
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
  1st Rule: If operations can be performed in n ways, and if for each of these ways a
second operation can be performed in n2 ways, then two operations can be performed
in n1n2 ways

Example#1: How many 4-digit even number can be formed from 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, and 9 if each
digit can be used only once?

 2nd Rule: The number of permutations of n objects is n! **A permutation is an

arrangement of all or part of a set of objects.

Example#2: The number of permutations of letters a,b,c,d.

 3rd Rule: The number of permutation of n distinct object taken r at a time is

!
��� =
(� − �)!
Example #3: In one year, three awards (research, teaching, and service) will be given for
a class of 25 graduate students in a statistics department. If each student can receive at most
one award, how many possible selections are there?

Example #4: A president and a treasurer are to be chosen from a student club consisting
of 50 people. How many different choices of officers are possible if:
(a) there are no restrictions;
(b) A will serve only if he is president;
(c) B and C will serve together or not at all:
(d) D and E will not serve together?

 4th Rule: The number of distinct permutations of n things of which n1 are one of a kind,
n2 of a second kind, …, nk of nth kind is
!
�1! �2! … ��!
Example#5: In a college football training session, the defensive coordinator needs to have
10 players standing in a row. Among these 10 players, there are 1 freshman, 2 sophomores,
4 juniors, and 3 seniors, respectively. How many different ways can they be arranged in a
row if only their class level will be distinguished?

 5th Rule: The number of combinations of n distinct objects taken r at a time is

!
�! (� − �)!
Example#6: A young boy asks his mother to get five Game-BoyTM cartridges from his
collection of 10 arcade and 5 sports games. How many ways are there that his mother will
get 3 arcade and 2 sports games, respectively?

Math 68 – Engineering Data Analysis

Engr. Janice C. Puspos
College of Engineering and Information Sciences
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
 ASSESSMENT 2.
Problem Set. Read and analyze the following problem carefully. Write your answer on a clean sheet of paper
and present your solution properly. Draw a box on your final answer.

1. If S = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} and A = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}, B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, C = {2, 3, 4, 5}, D = {1, 6,

7}, list all the elements of the sets corresponding to the following events:
a. A C
b. A ∩ B
c. C’
d. (C’∩ D) � B
e. (S ∩ C)’
f. A ∩ C ∩ D’

Draw Venn diagram for each item.

2. The resumes of 2 male applicants for a college teaching position in chemistry are placed in the same
file as the resumes of 2 female applicants. Two positions become available and the first, at the rank of
assistant professor, is filled by selecting 1 of the 4 applicants at random. The second position, at the
rank of instructor, is then filled by selecting at random one of the remaining 3 applicants. Using the
notation M2F1, for example, to denote the simple event that the first position is filled by the second
male applicant and the second position is then filled by the first female applicant,
a. list the elements of a sample space S;
b. list the elements of S corresponding to event A that the position of assistant professor is filled by a
male applicant;
c. list the elements of S corresponding to event B that exactly 1 of the 2 positions was filled by a male
applicant;
d. list the elements of S corresponding to event C that neither position was filled by a male applicant;
e. list the elements of S corresponding to the event A ∩ B;
f. list the elements of S corresponding to the event A C:
g. construct a Venn diagram to illustrate the intersections and unions of the events A, B, and C.

3. (a) In how many ways can 6 people be lined up to get on a bus?

(b) If 3 specific persons, among 6, insist on following each other, how many ways are possible?
(c) If 2 specific persons, among 6, refuse to follow each other, how many ways are possible?

4. (a) How many three-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, if each digit can
be used only once?
(b) How many of these are odd numbers?
(c) How many are greater than 330?

5. If a multiple-choice test consists of 5 questions each with 4 possible answers of which only 1 is correct,
(a) In how many different ways can a student check off one answer to each question?
(b) In how many different ways can a student check off one answer to each question and get all the
answers wrong?

Math 68 – Engineering Data Analysis

Engr. Janice C. Puspos
College of Engineering and Information Sciences
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology
Math 68 – Engineering Data Analysis
Engr. Janice C. Puspos
College of Engineering and Information Sciences
Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology