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LEARNING MODULE IN:

Prepared by:

JESSA MARIE S. MARIANO

G.E. Part-time Instructor

PRELIM MODULE NO. 2

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The Philippines in the 19 th

Century in Rizal’s context

CLO

CLO1. Discuss Jose Rizal’s

Life within the context of
19th century Philippines;
CLO3. Organize Rizal’s
ideas into various themes;
CLO4. Demonstrate a political, economic & cultural
critical reading of primary
sources;
CLO5. Interpret the values
that can be derived from
studying Rizal’s life and
works;
MLO
1. Explain Jose Rizal in the
context of his times;
2. Examine the various social,
changes that occurred in the
19th century (1800 to 1899)
3. Discuss the influence of
Spaniards from the 19th Century
in terms of social, political,
economic and cultural that we
are adopting until now.
TLO
TLO4. Appraised the link
between the individual and
society.
TLO5. Analyze the various
social, political, economic, and
cultural changes that occurred in
the nineteenth century.
TLO6. Understand Jose Rizal in
the context of his times.
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INTRODUCTION

Jose Rizal was born in a world far different from us. He belonged to a society which had a
direct effect on his growth and solidified his perception of identity as a Filipino and his
attitude towards other races.

In this module, we will try to understand why Rizal became the Rizal that we know him
today as we look into his world, his Philippines in the nineteenth century.

“Man is partly the product of his time. His life and his message are affected by his
environment and the event that take place in the world he lives in.”

- 19TH Century was the era of challenges and

- responses.
- It is the period of major changes that affect man and society.
- Age of Enlightenment.

FRAMEWORK OF REFERENCE
1. POLITICAL CONTEXT
2. ECONOMIC CONTEXT
3. SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT
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Summary:

POLITICAL CONTEXT
 The struggle of Nationalism
 The French Revolution
 American Civil War

CONSERVASTISM VS LIBERALISM
In Spain there was the split among the intellectuals into two irreconcilable camps, the
Conservatives and the Liberals, neither of which advantaged adequate practical solutions to
end all strives.

FRAILOCRACY
 Rule of the friars

POLITICAL STRUCTURE DURING SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

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ECONOMIC CONTEXT
 Industrialization - this generally applied to the extraordinary transformation in the
method of: production, transportation, and communication through the substitution of
manual labor to machine.

ENCOMIENDA TO HACIENDA
 Encomienda and hacienda systems. Labor systems developed by Spain granting large
amounts of land to settlers in the Americas and claiming ownership of all of the
resources and of the natives. The encomienda and hacienda systems developed by an
exchange among the natives for work in return for protection and education.

ENCOMENDERO
 These men had helped conquer the Philippines. The encomiendo was not actually a
land grant but was a lavor from the King. The Spaniards who receives this favor was
given the right to collect tributes-or taxes- from the inhabitants of the area assigned to
him.

GALLEON TRADE

INDULTO DE COMERCIO
 privilege of provincial governors to engage in and monopolize trade
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SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT
 related to the different groups of people in society and their habits, traditions, and
beliefs

PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING SPANISH TIME

 1855 - the year Spain realized the need of establishing a system of public education
for the indios.
 this was also the year that Gov. Gen Crespo organized a Commission and
recommended remedial measures to improve elementary education
 1861 - the year the Commission completed its report and forwarded it to Spain.
 1863 - the year that the Educational Decree of 1863 was issued.

Provisions of Educational Decree of 1863

1. Establishments of Teacher Training School.

2. Government supervises the public school system.
3. Use of Spanish as medium of instruction in all schools.
4. Establishment of one primary schools for boys and for girls in each of major town.

DEFECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING SPANISH TIME

1. Emphasis on Religion
 Fear of God was emphasized.
 Obedience to friars was instilled in the mind of the people.
 Indios were constantly reminded that they have inferior intelligence and were
fit for manual labor only.
 Will of God was also emphasized.
2. Absence of Academic Freedom
 Most schools were not opened to the natives.
 Students were not allowed to express their opinion.
3. Racial Discrimination
 prior to educational decree of 1863, the schools were not opened to the
natives.
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 Spaniards hesitated to consider the indios as educable as themselves.

4. Limited curriculum
 Education was limited to the 3Rs, that is, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic

The Philippines of Rizal’s Time

During the time of Rizal, the sinister shadow of Spain’s decadence darkened the Philippine
skies. The Filipino agonized beneath the yoke of Spanish misrule, for they were unfortunate
victims of the evils of an unjust, bigoted, and deteriorating colonial power. Among these evils
were as follows:
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SUPPMENTAL READINGS:

 https://prezi.com/p/_ivlscgciv8j/19th-century-philippines-as-rizals-context/

SUPPLEMENTAL VIDEO:

 Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Directed by Eddie Romero Free movie link:
(“GANITO KAMIM NOON, PAANO KAYO NGAYON” a… - Eugene Miranda Diego l Facebook)

RESOURCES

Rizal in The Context of Nineteenth-Century Philippines

https://www.scribd.com/doc/135167190/John-N-Schumacher-S-J-Rizal-in-the-Context-of-
Nineteenth-Century-Philippines

https://prezi.com/p/_ivlscgciv8j/19th-century-philippines-as-rizals-context/
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ACTIVITY 1

Direction: Use the graphic organizer/table in mapping the changes in the nineteenth century
Philippines, categorizing socio-cultural, political & economic. Discuss the socio-cultural,
political, and economic situation in the 19th Century Philippines by using any kind of graphic
organizer.

ACTIVITY 2

REFLECTION
Reflect on the film “Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon?” What emotions did you
feel when you watched the movie? Do you think we can return to that kind of society? What
lessons have you learned from that old society? Reflect in no more than five, at least (5)
sentences.
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Formative Assessment Rubric:

CRITERIA Exemplary Proficient Incomplete

10 points 5 points 3 points
Reflective Essay
Evidence of strong Evidence of some Little evidence of
reflective thought reflective thought reflective thought
pertaining to the pertaining to the pertaining to the topics
topics presented, with topics presented, with presented, with
the correct usage of few lapses in improper use of
vocabulary. vocabulary. vocabulary. Statements
Statements are Statements are did not meet the
beyond simply contained by just expectations for the
answering the given simply answering the given the activity.
activity. given activity.

Total points __________

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Academic Honesty Clause

Plagiarism is the use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author
and the representation of them as one’s original work. (1995 Random House Compact
Unabridged Dictionary)

In the academe, it is an adaption or reproduction of an original intellectual creation, be

it concepts, ideas, methods, pieces of information or expressions of another author, whether
individual, group, or organization without proper acknowledgment. Moreover, plagiarism can
range from borrowing a particular phrase or sentence to paraphrasing someone else’s original
idea without citing it. The most common form of plagiarism, especially nowadays, is copying
and pasting online material without crediting the source.

Every student must practice Academic Honesty. Academic misconduct is subject to

an academic penalty by the instructor and/or disciplinary sanction by the College.

I _____________________________ fully understood the definition and description

of plagiarism stated above and I am familiar with the Student Conduct Code. I am aware that
I shall be penalized if plagiarism is found evident on my output which includes, gaining a
failing grade.

As a college student and a member of scholarly community, I shall value other

people’s ideas. Thus, I pledged to commit to the following truthful statements:

1. I shall not submit other people’s work and present them as my own.
2. I will not take any passages from their own previous work without adding
citations.
3. I will not rewrite someone else’s work without properly citing sources.
4. I shall not use quotations without citing the source.
5. I will not interweave various sources together in my work, without citing.
6. I will not rely too heavily on other people’s work.
7. I shall bring original thought into my own work.
8. I will not disclose any exams/questionnaires/activities after I have taken them.
9. I will not copy any material from another student and submit it as my own.
10. I shall not share my own completed output to another class/student.

__________________________
(Signature over Printed Name)

REFERENCE:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-collegesuccess-lumen1/chapter/academic-honesty/
https://www.business.umt.edu/ethics/academic-honesty.ph