Chromatography

• Chromatography is set of laboratory technique for the

separation/isolation/purification/identification of mixture.

• The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which

carries it through a structure holding another material, stationary
phase.

• The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds,

causing them to separate.
 History

• Chromatography was first developed by the Russian botanist Mikhail

Tswett in 1903 as he produced a colorful separation of plant pigments
through a column

• To write with colors -- literally translated from its Greek

roots chroma and graphein
 Types

• Paper chromatography

• Thin Layer chromatography

• Column chromatography

• Gel filtration chromatography

• Ion exchange

• Gas chromatography

• High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Chromatography is a technique for –
• Separating mixture of compounds

• Identifying unknown compounds

• Establishing the purity or concentration of compounds

• Monitoring product formation in the chemical synthesis

Classification of chromatography –
1. Based upon mechanism of separation
I. Adsorption chromatography
II. Partition chromatography
III. Ion-exchange chromatography
IV. Size exclusion chromatography

2. Based upon phases

I. Solid liquid chromatography
II. Solid gas chromatography
III. Liquid liquid chromatography
IV. Liquid gas chromatography
Classification of chromatography –
3. Based on shape of chromatographic bed
I. Planner chromatography – Paper chromatography, Thin Layer
chromatography

II. Column chromatography – Packed column chromatography, Open tubular

column chromatography

4. Based on mode of operation

I. Normal phase chromatography – SP (Polar) MP (Non-polar)

II. Reverse phase chromatography – SP (Non-polar) MP (Polar)