Biol 220 Lab practical 1 review

The exam will cover Labs 1 through 4. Use the objectives outlined on your checklist as a guide to what
you need focus on. While the primary focus is on structure (anatomy) since anatomy affects physiology
there will be a few questions on the functions of certain organs or tissues. Those requiring function are
highlighted in purple and italicized. The exam will be administered by Blackboard. It will be opened at
2:10 after which you have 2.5 hours to complete it. It will close promptly at 5:30. It will include short
answer questions and fill in the blanks based on figures and pictures of models. There is a heavy
emphasis on the skeletal system.

Laboratory 1: Language of anatomy

Label the organs of the body

Label the organ system and identify organs that belong to each organ system

Body regions

Abdominal Quadrants

Abdominal regions – identify the 9 abdominal subdivisions (left and right hypochondriac, epigastric, left
and right lumbar, umbilical, left and right inguinal (iliac)) and give an example of organs in each
subdivision

Directional terms

Body cavities

Planes

Serous membranes (pericardial, pleural, peritoneal) both visceral and parietal

Use Lab 1 checklist anatomical terms to narrow it down.

Histology

Use these websites to practice: http://histologyguide.com/slidebox/slidebox.html and

https://quizlet.com/2621787/test

1. Epithelial tissue – be able to identify from micrographs:

Simple squamous (both surface view and cross section), stratified squamous, simple cuboidal, stratified
cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar.

** you will not be asked to identify transitional epithelium

Be able to describe the tissue functions based on the type of epithelial tissue (eg. Stratified squamous in
skin = protection)

Be able to identify which tissues or organs where you will find each kind of epithelial tissue

Be able to identify modifications to the apical surface such as cilia, villi and the functions

Be able to identify goblet cells, function and the type of tissue these will be found in
2. Connective tissue

Classification of connective tissue

Where they are found

Be able to identify the connective tissues listed on your checklist below from micrographs.

Give examples of location of different connective tissues and consider if one tissue was replaced with
another, how it would affect the organ

Be able to identify the cells associated with the tissues

Eg. Adipose: adipocytes, bone: osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, Cartilage: chondrocytes (in lacuna),
loose areolar: fibroblast, blood: erythrocytes, leukocytes

The difference between spongy and compact bone

3. Muscle tissue: Identify muscle tissue from a micrograph

4. Nervous tissue: identify the neuron. Identify the cell body, nucleus, axon and dendrites

Laboratory 2: Bone Histology and the skeletal system

You are responsible for all the terms in the lab checklists.

Distinguish between short, long, flat, irregular and sesamoid bone

Identify the parts of a long bone

Distinguish between an adult bone and a young bone

Label osteon from a model

Axial skeleton

Distinguish between the axial and the appendicular skeleton

On the skull be able to label the bones and associated structures from your checklist

Be able to identify the hyoid bone, vertebra and the parts of the sternum and ribs. Be able to distinguish
between cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae.

Be able to distinguish between lordorsis, scoliosis, kyphosis and the normal skeletal curvatures
Laboratory 3

Appendicular skeleton

Be able to label the parts of the appendicular skeleton listed on your checklists

Be able to tell the difference between a male and female skeleton by looking at the angle of pubis

Hand

Carpals: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, Capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

Metacarpals (numbers), phalanges (So Long Top Part, Here Comes The Thumb)

Foot

Tarsals: navicular, talus, calcaneus, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform,
cuboidal(No Thanks Cow, M I L C) metatarsals, phalanges

List the functions of the skeleton as a whole (locomotion, protection, hematopoiesis)

Describe the function of specific bones eg. Vertebra: protect the spinal cord.

Articulations and movement

You’re responsible for all the terms outlined on your checklists

Classify joints structurally and functionally and give examples

Label the knee joint (external) using a model (or pic of a model)

Label the knee joint(internal) using a diagram

Video clips from this website will be used to demonstrate movements:

http://www.exrx.net/Lists/Articulations.html

Remember when you are identifying a motion, you have to identify both opposing motions eg
adduction/abduction, if the person demonstrating the motion does both movements.

Laboratory 4 : Integument, neuron, spinal cord and spinal nerves

Identify the layers of the skin on a model – label the model

Identify the tissues in each layer of the skin

Identify the strata of the epidermis

Differentiate between thick and thin skin

Identify the layers of the dermis

Parts of the skin you need to be able to identify:

You’re responsible for all the structures listed on your checklist

Neurons

From a micrograph distinguish between unipolar (pseudounipolar), bipolar and multipolar neurons

From a model or diagram label the parts of the neuron (include the synaptic terminals)

Know the functions of dendrites, axons, cell body, Schwann cells and synaptic terminals

Identify the endoneurium, perineurium and epineurium

Spinal cord

Label the meninges (picture)

Label the cross section of the spinal cord from the pic of a model

Label a model or a picture of a full length spinal cord (see your checklist)

Spinal nerves.

Label a model with spinal nerves outlined on your checklist