UKUPHINYISWA KWEMISINDO

Isingeniso

Ilinguistics isayensi yezilimi enemikhakha eminingi eyahlukahlukene esingabaluli lena

emibalwa; uhlelo lolimi, ukwakheka kwamagama, ukuphinyiswa kwemisindo, ukusebenza
kwemisindo, umqondo oqukethwe amagama, ukusebenza kwamagama emshweni, ulimi
lomphakathi njalo njalo. Kulengxenye sibhekene nokuphinyiswa komsindo, edume ngokuthi
imfundisomsindo noma ifonetiki (phonetics)

Izinhlobo zemfundisomsindo

1. Imfundisomsindo yokuphinyiswa komsindo (articulatory phonetics)

2. Imfundisomsindo yokuzwakala komsindo (auditory phonetics)

3. Imfundisomsindo yokuhamba komsindo (acoustic phonetics)

Iziphimisi /izitho zomzimba ezibamba iqhaza uma kuphinyiswa umsindo

Izitho zomzimba zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi iziphimisi. Iziphimisi zibamba iqhaza elikhulu
ekuphinyisweni komsindo ngoba ukunyakaza kwazo okukhipha umsindo. Imisindo yonke
iqala esifubeni, ize emphinjeni bese iphuma emlonyeni noma emankankeni. Nazi izitho
ezibamba iqhaza zizohlukaniswa ngokunyakaza kwazo.

IZIPHIMISI EZINYAKAZA KANCANE IZIPHIMISI EZINYAKAZA KAKHULU

Isifuba, isisu Ulimi

Udebe lwangaphezulu Udebe lwangezansi

Umhlathi wangaphezulu

Amankanka Ugovane

Izinsini Umphimbo

Unsinini Igilo

Ulwanga oluqinile nolwanga oluthambile

Ulaka
Iqoqo lemisindo

Imisindo yolimi lwesiZulu ihlukaniseke amaqoqo amathathu;

1. Onkamisa imisindo ephinyiswa ngokuthi kukhamiswe kuphela bese kuthi ulimi lunyakaze
luye emazingeni ahlukahlukene.

2. Osingankamisa imisindo ephinyiswa ngokuthi kube sengathi kuyakhamiswa kube

kunyakaza ulimi kanye nezindebe zomlomo.

3. Ongwaqa imisindo ephinyiswa ngokuthi izitho zomzimba zihhudlane zidudulwa umoya.

Onkamisa

Kuvelile ngenhla ukuthi onkamisa imisindo ephinyiswa ngokuthi kukhamiswe kuphela. Uma
kuphinyiswa onkamisa besiZulu ulimi luyanyakaza luye emazingeni ayisikhombisa (7)
kuphela kanti kwezinye izilimi ulimi lunganyakaza ngaphezu kwamazinga angamashumi
amabili (20). ULimi kanye nomoya lubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekulolongeni indlela onkamisa
abaphinyiswa ngayo. EsiZulwini kunonkamisa abahlanu bemvelo [a, ɛ, i, ɔ, u] kanye nababili
bokuvela [e, o].

Buka lezi zibonelo ezilandelayo khona uzocaciseleka ngonkamisa bemvelo nokuvela.

Onkamisa bokuvela baqhamuka kuphela uma kunonkamisa ophezulu ngasesandleni sokudla
egameni.

Isibonelo sonkamisa bemvelo; khomba [kͪɔ:mb̤a] Lalela [lalɛ:la], lele [lɛ:lɛ] maboboza
[maɓɔbɔ:z̤a], nkonyane [ŋkʹɔɲa:nɛ], isikole [isikʹɔ:lɛ]

Isibonelo sonkamisa bokuvela; isikhombisa [isikͪomb̤i:sa], ulaleleni [ulalele:ni], enkonyaneni

[eŋkʹɔɲane:ni], lalelani [lalɛla:ni], esikoleni [esikʹole:ni], lobu [lo:ɓu]

Onkamisa bemvelo babanamandla uma bengasesandleni sokudla, okubenza bakwazi

ukuguqula abanye onkamisa abangasesandleni sokunxele egameni. Ake sibheke onkamisa
ukuthi bachazwa kanjani ngokwamazinga.

Indlela yokuphimisa onkamisa

Ulimi njengoba kulona sitho somzimba esibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuphinyisweni konkamisa
ake sibone ukuthi luthatha maphi amazing;

/a/ [a] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi lushone phansi ludlule indawo yalo yokuphumula.

/e/ [ɛ] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame kancane endaweni yokuphumula yokuphumula
luye phambili ngasemazinyweni
/e/ [e] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame maphakathi nendawo luye phambili
ngasemazinyweni

/i/ [i] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame kakhulu luyephambili ngasemazinyweni

/o/ [ɔ] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame kancane endaweni yalo yokuphumula luhlehle
luye emuva bese izindebe zenze isikokela

/o/ [o] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame maphakathi nendawo luhlehle luye emuva
bese izindebe zenza isikokela.

/u/ [u] uphinyiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame kakhulu luhlehle luye emuva bese izindebe
zenze isikokela.

ISHADI LONKAMISA

Bukisisa ukuthi yini eshodayo kuleli shadi bese uyakugcwalisa

Ukuchazwa konkamisa

/a/ [a] unkamisa ophansi

/e/ [ɛ] unkamisa ophambili omaphansi ovulekile.

/e/ [e] unkamisa ophambili omaphakathi nendawo phezulu ovalekile.

/i/ [i] unkamisa ophambili ophezulu

/o/ [ɔ] unkamisa osemuva omaphansi ovulekile

/o/ [o] unkamisa osemuva omaphakathi nendawo phezulu ovalekile

/u/ [u] unkamisa osemuva ophezulu

Osingankamisa

Osingankamisa imisindo ephinyiswa ngokuthi kukhamiswe ulimi luphakame luye phezulu

luye emuva noma phambili. Olimini lwesiZulu babili kuphela osingankamisa /y, w/ [j,w]

/y/ [j] usingankamisa ophambili ophimiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame luye phambili bese
indawo ephakathi nendawo yolimi icishe ithinte ulwanga oluqinile

/w/ [w] usingankamisa osemuva ophimiswa ngokuthi ulimi luphakame luhlehle luye emuva
bese indebe zenza isikokela.

Ukuchazwa kosingankamisa

/y/ [j] usingankamisa ongulwangeni

/w/ [w] usingankamisa ongundebembili