Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Page 1 of 6

Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Editor

The Short Circuit page provides the information to model the power grid as a source for studies such as Short
Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability, Shock Protection, etc.

Short-Circuit Page of Three-Phase Power Grid

mk:@MSITStore:C:\ETAP%202101\Etaps.chm::/Short_Circuit_Page_PG.htm 3/1/2023
Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Page 2 of 6

Short-Circuit Page of Single-Phase Power Grid

Grounding
Connection
The connection of the power grid can be selected by clicking on the connection buttons until the desired
connection is displayed. The available connections are Wye and Delta. Note that this option is available only
for 3 phase power grids.

Note: In unbalanced load flow studies this connection is ignored and the utility is considered grounded if
“Unbalanced” is selected in the rating page.

Grounded
This checkbox is available only for 1 phase power grids. Check this box if the power grid is grounded.

mk:@MSITStore:C:\ETAP%202101\Etaps.chm::/Short_Circuit_Page_PG.htm 3/1/2023
Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Page 3 of 6

Earthing Type
The earthing type menu is available when the Power Grid voltage is 1 kV or less. The available earthing types
are dependent on the Grounding selection and they reflect the source’s earthing method.

Distributed Neutral
This option is available only when the Grounded option is not checked in 1 phase Power Grid or if Grounding
selection is ungrounded in 3 phase Power Grid. Check this box if the neutral is distributed for the IT arthing
type. This field is only utilized when running the Electric Shock feature from within the Cable Editor/Manager.
It is not utilized for modules such as Short Circuit, Load Flow, Arc Flash, and etc.

Rg
This field will only be visible if the Power Grid is 1 kV or less and TT earthing type is selected. It is for the
inclusion of the Power Grid earthing in Electric Shock calculation only. This field reflects both the source’s
Ground Grid (Earthing Mat) and the soil resistance between this Power Grid and the load service entry point.
The Rg result from ETAP’s Ground Grid module can assist in determining this value. This field can be left as
zero if the Ze field in the Earth/Ground Fault Loop Impedance is populated.

SC Rating
The section is enabled only for 3 phase power grids.

MVAsc
Specify the short-circuit MVA for three-phase and single-phase (line-to-ground) faults. As you enter or modify
MVAsc or X/R, ETAP recalculates the corresponding short-circuit impedance values.

The short-circuit MVA for three-phase and single-phase (line-to-ground) fault currents are calculated from the
following equations:

MVA3P = 1.732 * kV * I3P

sqrt(3) Vll If: MVA1P = 1.732 * kV * I1P

Vln If: MVA1P = (kV / 1.732) * I1P

Where I3P and I1P are three-phase and single-phase short-circuit currents (kAsc). These values are calculated
and displayed. Also, the MVAsc for 1-phase calculations based on Vln if it is displayed as well.

kAsc
Enter the short-circuit contribution from the power grid. This value is updated if the MVAsc and X/R are
specified.

X/R

mk:@MSITStore:C:\ETAP%202101\Etaps.chm::/Short_Circuit_Page_PG.htm 3/1/2023
Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Page 4 of 6

Enter the following X/R ratios for the positive and zero sequence impedances:

3-Phase X/R = X/R ratio for positive sequence impedance of the power grid.
1-Phase X/R = X/R ratio for zero sequence impedance of the power grid.

SC Imp (100 MVA base)

Specify short-circuit impedance (resistance and reactance) in percent on a 100 MVA base. Short-circuit
impedance values include positive, negative, and zero sequences. As you enter or modify short-circuit
impedance values, ETAP recalculates the corresponding MVAsc and X/R for three-phase and single-phase
faults.

Earth/Ground Fault Loop Impedance

Specify equivalent Earth/Ground Fault Loop Impedance (Ze) in Ohms and X/R of the of the Power Grid. This
section is only visible when a 3 phase power grid is 1 kV or less and the Earthing Type is any earthing type
except NEC. These fields are only used in the Electric Shock calculation.

Typical Ze & X/R

The enabling of this button, the fields to fill, and the values of the fields are based on the table below.

Earthing Type Button Enabled Ze Value* X/R Value*

TN-C No N/A N/A
TN-S Yes 0.8 10
TN-C-S Yes 0.35 10
TT Yes 21 10
NEC Hidden N/A N/A
All IT types No N/A N/A

* The Ze and X/R are only typical values and actual values from the local power supplier should be acquired.

SC Rating (Line to Line)

The section is enabled only for 1-Phase power grids.

MVAsc
Specify the short-circuit MVA for line to line faults. As you enter or modify MVAsc or X/R, ETAP recalculates
the corresponding short-circuit impedance values.

The short-circuit MVA for line-to-line fault currents are calculated from the following equations:

MVALL = kV * ILL

where ILL is the line to line short-circuit current (kAsc).

X/R
Enter the X/R ratio for power grid impedance to a line to line fault.

kAsc
Enter the short-circuit contribution from the power grid. This value is updated if the MVAsc and X/R are

mk:@MSITStore:C:\ETAP%202101\Etaps.chm::/Short_Circuit_Page_PG.htm 3/1/2023
Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Page 5 of 6

specified.

SC Impedance (Line to Line)

Specify line to line short-circuit impedance (resistance and reactance) in percent on a 100 MVA base (or in
Ohms). As you enter or modify short-circuit impedance values, ETAP recalculates the corresponding MVAsc
and X/R for the line to line fault in the Line to Line SC Rating section and for the Ohms fields (or in 100 MVA
Base). The Z value is calculated from any of the fields in this section or the SC Rating (Line to Line) section. The
section is enabled only for 1-Phase power grids.

SC Rating (Line to Earth/Ground)

The section is enabled only for 1-Phase power grids.

MVAsc
Specify the short-circuit MVA for line to ground faults. As you enter or modify MVAsc or X/R, ETAP
recalculates the corresponding short-circuit impedance values. For current ETAP release, these fields are used
in the electric shock calculation only.

The short-circuit MVA for line-to-ground fault currents are calculated from the following equations:

MVALG = kV * ILG

where ILG is the line to ground short-circuit current (kAsc).

X/R
Enter the X/R ratio for the power grid impedance to a line to ground fault.

kAsc
Enter the short-circuit contribution from the power grid. This value is updated if the MVAsc and X/R are
specified.

Ze: Earth/Ground Loop Impedance

Specify line to Earth/Ground short-circuit impedance (resistance and reactance) in percent on a 100 MVA
base (or in Ohms). As you enter or modify short-circuit impedance values, ETAP recalculates the
corresponding MVAsc and X/R for the line to Earth/Ground fault in the Earth/Ground Fault Loop Impedance
section and for the Ohms fields (or in 100 MVA Base). The Z value is calculated from any of the fields in this
section or the SC Rating (Line to Earth/Ground) section. This section is enabled only for 1-Phase power grids.

For current ETAP release, these fields are used in the Electric Shock calculation. This section is enabled for
only 1-Phase power grids.

Typical Ze & X/R

The enabling of this button and the fields to fill, including the values, are based on the table below.

Earthing Type Button Enabled Ze Value* X/R Value*

TN-C No N/A N/A
TN-S Yes 0.8 10
TN-C-S Yes 0.35 10
TT Yes 21 10

mk:@MSITStore:C:\ETAP%202101\Etaps.chm::/Short_Circuit_Page_PG.htm 3/1/2023
Short Circuit Page - Power Grid Page 6 of 6

NEC Hidden N/A N/A

All IT types No N/A N/A

* The Ze and X/R are only typical values and actual values from the local power supplier should be acquired.

Power Grid
Info Page
Rating Page
Short Circuit Page
Time Domain Page
Harmonic Page
Reliability Page
Energy Price Page
Remarks Page
Comment Page

AC Elements Editor Overview

mk:@MSITStore:C:\ETAP%202101\Etaps.chm::/Short_Circuit_Page_PG.htm 3/1/2023