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Demographic Profile of Clients of Supreme Court and High Court in Patna
Demographic Profile of Clients of Supreme Court and High Court in Patna
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Mr Manoj Mishra,
September, 2019
Table of Contents
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
I, hereby, declare that the work reported in the B.B.A. L.L.B (Hons.) Project Report titled
“Demographic Profile of clients of Supreme Court and High Court in Patna” submitted at
CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, PATNA is an authentic record of my work
carried out under the supervision of Mr Manoj Mishra. I have not submitted this work
elsewhere for any other degree or diploma. I am fully responsible for the contents of my
Project Report.
SEMESTER -3rd
CNLU, Patna
Dated:
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
THANK YOU,
UJJWAL SINGH
SEMESTER: - 3rd
CNLU, Patna
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
To find out demographic profile of clients of Supreme Court and High Court in Patna
To analyse the age, income, gender, social class, education qualification of the clients
To study the amount of fees they are willing to pay their attorneys along with the
HYPOTHESIS
The demographic study of clients will act as a ground to prove or disprove the assumption
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
1. Introduction
Demography encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these
populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, aging,
and death. As a very general science, it can analyse any kind of dynamic living population,
i.e., one that changes over time or space. Demographics are quantifiable characteristics of a
given population.
Demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as
education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity. Educational institutions 1 usually treat
demography as a field of sociology, though there are a number of independent demography
departments. Formal demography limits its object of study to the measurement of population
processes, while the broader field of social demography or population studies also analyses
the relationships between economic, social, cultural, and biological processes influencing a
population
Basically Demographics is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race, and
sex. Governments, corporations, and nongovernment organizations use demographics to learn
more about a population's characteristics for many purposes, including policy development
and economic market research. Demographics is the collection and study of data regarding
the general characteristics of specific populations.
Demographic variables such as age, gender, income and occupation hold important clues to
consumer behaviour. People who share the same demographic profile usually have the same
purchasing behaviour. As a result, demographic analysis is an important component of
marketing. Effective marketing campaigns target a specific audience. Demographic
information is particularly useful when marketing mangers lack enough knowledge about a
market or when the market is changing. Small businesses typically serve a smaller market,
and managers need to have better grasp of their markets; hence, knowledge of the basic
premises of demographic analysis can help them better serve their markets.2
Unit of Analysis
1
https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-
population-change/ Accessed on 15th September at 11:35 Pm.
2
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/market-demographic-analysis-64157.html Accessed on 15th September at
11:00 Pm.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
In demographic analysis, managers need to first determine if their customers are individuals
or businesses. This guides variable selection and information gathering. If the customers are
individuals, variables such as gender, age and income guide information gathering. If
companies form the customer base, issues such as the industry, sales and number of
employees become important.
Age
Customers have different preferences and needs during different stages of life. Also, the
purchasing power of different age groups may change over time. For example, teenagers have
enormous purchasing power and can potentially influence purchasing habits of families.
Likewise, senior citizens spend more today than a generation ago and are more economically
active.
Lifestyle
Marketing has increasingly become interested on the influence of lifestyle on demand for
products and services. For example, pet ownership is on the rise, and pet lovers make up an
important market for companies that can target them. Likewise, singles may make up a
demographic group with a specific lifestyle and preferences. Green and eco-friendly
consumerism is strengthening, and addressing its concerns is important for marketing
managers. These consumers need credible assurance that the products are environmentally
friendly.
Other Variables
Depending on the target market, a host of other variables such as gender, education,
occupation and income affect purchasing behaviour and preferences. In addition to choosing
the variables, managers also need to identify the right source of data. For example, federal
and state census data can be used to extract demographic information.
Ethics
Those conducting a demographic analysis should consider individual differences and avoid
the stereotyping pitfall. Stereotyping is broad generalization about a group of people based on
limited knowledge. It is unethical and damaging to the image of the business. Managers
should bear in mind ethical standards in conducting demographic analyses.3
3
https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-
determines-population-change/. Accessed on 1st September 2019 at 3:00 AM.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
In this Project report we will be dealing with the demographics of those clients living in Patna
who wish to represent their cases in Patna High court or Supreme Court of India.
Through this project report Researcher wish to draw out the demographic of possible group
or segment of people that are more than likely to go for high court or Supreme Court in
relation to their case. The age of the client, gender, economic background, social class, type
of cases etc. will be studied and related with whether or not they want to appeal further in
higher courts as the case may be through the questionnaire they would answer on. There can’t
be a strait jacket formula and a uniform segment of individuals to be chalked out as a
prospective client however some basic conclusions can essentially be drawn in this regard.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
2. Research Methodology
The researcher will be relying on both doctrinal and non-doctrinal sources to complete
research. The researcher would go through various primary and secondary sources of data
along with conducting surveys in order to find out not only the theoretical backing for the
hypothesis but also gives a practical outlook towards problem in question.
Some other Primary Sources of Data are also referred like Books of Management on
Consumer Behaviour and Demographics study and analysis. Marketing Management by Arun
Kumar and N. Meenakshi, Principles of Management by Philip Kotler and Marketing
Management by Ramasamy are the main sources of literature.
Various Scholarly articles are also referred to understand the topic in question and to
establish the conclusion at the end. Article in Business Schools law Journal like that of
Harvard is also referred.
Survey
The researcher has stressed more on non-doctrinal research as it feels that the topic in
question and the paper which is related to it is more of a practical approach than just
theoretical knowledge. Therefore to know as to what is the demographic of clients in Patna
and its district court a survey is conducted with a prior made questionnaire and their
responses are thus recorded on the basis of which hypothesis is analysed. The researcher
therefore opted for Patna civil and sessions court clients of a few lawyers working there. A
survey was conducted where questionnaire was distributed among various clients and an
interview was conducted where the advocate was interviewed personally, although this
interview is not included in this project report.
The researcher went to the Office of Mr. Avinash Kumar, a practising lawyer in Patna
District Court and an alumni of Chankaya National Law University, located at A/ 17
Sachivalay Colony, Kankarbagh, Patna, Bihar 800020 on 1st September 2019. A telephonic
survey was conducted there. 3 of his clients were called and asked for their responses as per
the questionnaire developed by the researcher which is enclosed below and all responses
were recorded. The clients included different individuals with different case belonging to a
different set of demography so as to get a bigger set of sample for our study.
Researcher further went on to visit Patna Civil Court and met a total of 15 clients which were
involved in some sort of cases and merely 4 of them agreed to share their view on it.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Provided that this personal data isn’t shared with anyone. Many of them rejected to talk while
some didn’t had the time or patience to do so.
Enclosed in this research report is the questionnaire and responses of 7 clients and parties to
suit who are applying or responding in district court.
Some of the crucial abstract of the responses to the question of questionnaire are included in
this research paper which helped the researcher towards analysing and finally coming to
certain observations and conclusion regarding the study in question.
Limitation of Study
The present report however suffers from certain limitation:
1. The limitation of translation is one such example as some of the respondent were not
well versed with English they opted to answer in Hindi and that has been translated by
researcher in English for this paper.
2. The limitation of small sample size being taken for carrying out the study due to
limitation of time and money is also there.
3. Reluctance of respondent to even share the type of information researcher was asking
for is one more limitation of this study.
4. Researcher was not able to conduct pilot survey as a result some problems remained
in the questionnaire itself which was realised later.
Despite such limitation it was best tried by the researcher to include as many people as he can
in his survey and utmost care has been taken in any translation carried on by the researcher.
Any discrepancies are highly regretted.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Questionnaire
For Research work of Client Demographic study
Name*:-
Mobile no:-
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Questionnaire Description
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Findings
Questionnaire
Response 1
Name*:- MXXXXX DXXX
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Response 2
For Research work of Client Demographic study
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Response 3
For Research work of Client Demographic study
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Response 4
For Research work of Client Demographic study
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Response 5
For Research work of Client Demographic study
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Response 6
For Research work of Client Demographic study
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Response 7
For Research work of Client Demographic study
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Analysis
In this section we will try to analyse the data so collected by different legal clients to analyse
the demographics of the prospects of High Court and Supreme Court living in Patna.
Data Table:
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
2; 29%
5; 71%
It is very clear from the data so collected that out of 7 respondents only 5 of them i.e. 71% are
interested in appearing for higher courts in respect to their cases if they are not satisfied.
1. Gender: Out of 2 female 1 is willing to appeal if the judgement is against her while
the other is against it. Only 1 male out of 5 will not go for further appeal.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
2. Social Class: The two respondents who are refraining to appeal further belongs to
Schedule Caste and O.B.C class respectively. Out of 5 respondents who are willing to
3. Education Qualification: All the intermediate and graduates are willing to appeal
4. Type of Cases: Both of whom are refraining have civil cases with themselves one is a
Family dispute while other is a Breach of contract. Although similar type of cases
with other parties are being considered for appealing. Property dispute and Criminal
5. Annual Income: 1 client belonging to less than 2 lakh category will not seek higher
appeal while another client belonging to same group may appeal. In more than 5 lakh
6. Look for in Lawyer: It appears that both who are not willing to appeal are interested
in the fees paid by them to the lawyer as both of them selected less than 50,000 fees
as willing to be paid by them. One even selected that fees is the main characteristics
7. Satisfaction: While the 1 who is not satisfied by his lawyer is not willing to appeal
any further. We also see that out of remaining 6 who are satisfied, only 5 wants to
appeal further.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Sales
1; 20%
4; 80%
Prospects of Supreme Court will be out of those only who are willing to appeal in Supreme
Court and thus we have this data in this regard. Out of the 5 that are willing to appeal in High
Court only 1 of them is willing to appear in Supreme Court.
The one who is willing to appeal even in Supreme Court is a male, graduate and belongs to
general category. He is involved in a criminal case and is earning more than 5 lakh annually.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
Observation
The researcher had drawn certain observation from this research work in this regard which
will be dealt as per the hypothesis pre-established in order to check whether these hypothesis
are proved, disproved or partially proved and partially disproved. It is assumed that those
who are willing to appear for higher courts are:-
1. Hypothesis 1: “Rich and affluent”. This hypothesis is disproved. From the above data
collected and analysis made we saw that although in one case where a party was
earning less than 2 lakh refrained from appealing further in a family dispute related to
inheritance while in another case where a property dispute is there and party is
earning less than 2 lakh but is still willing to appeal further as may be that property in
question be of much significance. Also in another case client earning more than 5 lakh
refusing to appeal further. Thus it can be observed that affluence in money on one
hand may be a significant factor but it can’t be the determining factor in all case. Type
of case involved and effect of the judgement on the party is much more of
determining factor. Even when party belongs to poor background but is dependent
upon the life defining legal remedy then they will seek further appeal. Similarly when
case is of trivial nature then even rich will refrain from appealing further. Thus we can
assume that being affluent in a legal case where money and time is an important
factor does play an important role and thus we can say that the above hypothesis is
disproved.
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DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CLIENTS OF SUPREME COURT AND HIGH COURT IN PATNA
courts are involved in Criminal Cases. But we see that even persons who are involve
in civil cases are appealing in higher courts.
3. Hypothesis 3: “Male.” This Hypothesis is disproved. Not only a female in this
research is found willing to appeal further but also one male is not willing to appeal
further. It could be very well observed that Gender is little to do with the problem in
question. Although the unique Demographic of Patna where women are not that
economically sound or have less support from society may influence the data here but
gender alone doesn’t seem to be a factor enough.
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Conclusion
Through this project report researcher came to the conclusion that although there is no
straight jacket formula to determine the demographics of the legal clients of High Court or
Supreme Court but certain parameters do affect this very proposition. It is more likely that an
affluent person will appear in high court even in the Supreme Court based on the cost of
legislation involved in such representation. If this proposition is taken to be true in majority
of cases then it can also be established that in Patna High Court where people from all over
Bihar seek redressal of their problem possess a diverse criteria. We see that in Bihar the class
demographics is such that people belonging to general category are richer than those who are
from different category. Similarly, women financial security in Bihar is very low and thus
male are rich in terms of money. Education is again somewhat linked to prosperousity and
rate of education male and those of general category is higher than the rest. At the same time
it must be borne in mind that these are the cases which are generally observed and these
statements are based on general facts and thus aren’t absolute in nature.
Again even in cases where no such factor is present but we may observe cases going on for
appeal even in Supreme Court. These are situation when the matter concerning is so serious
or important in nature that parties involved want to seek judgements in their favour to
whatever extent they think or wish to. We see in Criminal Cases that parties whether
aggrieved or accuse they wish to even go for Supreme Court, just because it is more serious
matter as compared to say, a breach of contract case. But again it is not like that only criminal
matter reaches high court or Supreme Court, suppose if a divorced wife is claiming
maintenance as this only would be the source of her income for her sustenance and that of her
children, she would totally go for whatever extent she could seek the remedy. This brings us
to the very concluding part that the most important factors are the case concerning and the
value of such judgements as perceived or enumerated by the parties involved. Other factors
may influence this decision by supporting or preventing but ultimately it’s a prerogative of
the party to decide.
It will always be a challenge to determine the exact demographics of clients as law is a real
life situation based field and not merely a product or service for ulterior satisfaction of
comfort or luxury. There could not be a target group of individuals that could be focused
upon. However some general characters can be charted out which are listed above.
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5. Bibliography
BOOKS: -
https://www.marketresearch.org
https://www.managementhelp.org
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43005/9/09_chapter%201.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/gauravwadhwa37
https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/
science-population-determines-population-change/.
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/market-demographic-analysis-64157.html
Articles:-
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