MULTI-LEVEL SAND SIEVING MACHINE

APRIL JOY N. PORCELO

Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the College of Technology

University of Southern Mindanao – Kidapawan City Campus,
Sudapin, Kidapawan City, in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Civil Technology)

APRIL 2022

1
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 DEDICATION

This research was greatly dedicated to my angel in paradise, my adoring Nanay

Evelyn.

To my most caring and supportive tatay, Bernard;

To my most supportive and generous uncle, Pajo;

To my sisters, Vernalyn and Beverly;

To my brother, Carlo;

To my great friends, relatives, and boardmates;

To my devoted and loving boyfriend for your love and encouragement, Froilan;

Above all, to my heavenly Father for His kindness and endless favor and to His

son, my savior, JESUS CHRIST.

He has been a source of strength for me throughout my academic career, and I

have flown solely on His wings,

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to you!

A.J.N.P.

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researcher wished to express her heartfelt thanks and sincere

gratitude to the following individuals for their valuable assistance and words of

encouragement upon the completion of this study:

Dr. Ronielyn F. Pinsoy, the Chancellor, for the constructive criticism that

led to the improvement and betterment of this study;

Dr. Ramil B. Purugganan, the chairperson of the Research and Extension

Services Office, for the useful information;

The researcher’s thesis adviser, Niño Chelvin E. Sabit, for his invaluable

guidance throughout this research;

Mr. Fredde Rick Jan G. Naparan, the research coordinator, for facilitating

and assessing the researcher during the application for the conduct of the

proposal and final defense.

Dr. Dhealyn Decee V. Sabit, the chairperson of the examining committee,

and to the members of the panel of examiners, Dr. Bonifacia A. Alojipan and Dr.

Jonathan D. Renoblas, for the suggestions and criticisms as to how to improve

this study;

Above all, Jesus Christ, her personal Lord and Saviour, for the grace, for

the wisdom, for the provisions, and for the strength in her endeavors. All praise to

God!

APRIL JOY N. PORCELO

Researcher

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 ABSTRACT

PORCELO, APRIL JOY NECOR. 2022. Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine. BT

Thesis. College of Technology. University of Southern Mindanao –
Kidapawan City Campus. Sudapin, Kidapawan City. 41pp.

Adviser: NIÑO CHELVIN E. SABIT, MAEd

Sand is an essential component of any building project. Sand must be

correctly screened for various stages of construction. As a large workforce is
engaged in this sector, traditional methods are costly, time-consuming, and
labor-intensive. The need for sand sieving machines is growing nowadays
because of the unique feature of sieving at three different levels according to its
grain size and uses. The machine was equipped with an AC motor connected to
the rotating shaft via belt pulley transmission. This caused the entire structure to
shake. As a result, mechanizing the sand sieving process will alleviate these
issues, leading to the creation of a multi-level sand sieving machine. This study
focused on the design and fabrication of a multi-level sand sieving machine and
its functionality. The multi-level sand sieving machine has been designed mainly
for sieving different sizes of sand used at different stages of building
construction. The results revealed that the multi-level sand sieving machine was
highly functional as rated by the respondents. This implied that the machine was
appropriate for sieving and mechanizing. It makes the sieving process feasible.

Keyword: Design, Fabrication, Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine, Construction,

Sieving

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES Page

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

List of Appendices x

INTRODUCTION 1

Objectives of the Study 2

Significance of the Study 2

Scope and Delimitation of the Study 3

Operational Definition of Terms 3

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5

Related Literature of the Studies 5

Prior Arts 9

Conceptual Framework 11

METHODOLOGY 12

Bill of Materials
12

vi
 Tools and Equipment Needed 13

Labor Cost 13

Project Cost 14

Project Design 15

Construction Schedule 20

Procedure of Construction 21

Testing and Revising 21

Operating Procedures 22

Safety and Control Measures 22

Maintenance 23

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 27

Summary 27

Conclusion 28

Recommendation 28

LITERATURE CITED 29

APPENDICES 30

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Bill of Materials 12

2 Tools and Equipment 13

3 Project Cost 14

4 Construction Time Frame of the Study 20

5 Defects and Revisions of the Study 21

6 Weighted Mean of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine 26

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Automatic Sieving Machine for Granular/Powder Materials 10

2 Conceptual Framework of the Study 11

3 Perspective Drawing of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine 15

4 Isometric Drawing of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine 16

5 Orthographic Drawing of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine 17

6 Exploded View of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine 18

7 Functional Block Diagram 19

8 Actual Photo of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine 24

ix
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendi Title Page

x
A Letter of Request 31

B Research Instrument 33

C Ethics Participant Consent Form 34

D Operational Manual 35

E Documentation of Project Construction 38

F Documentation of Testing 39

G Curriculum Vitae 40

x
 INTRODUCTION

Sand was an essential component of any building project. Before being

used, sand must be free of undesirable particles, stones, and other large

particles. Similarly, different sizes of sand are used at different stages of building;

for example, sand used for construction is slightly coarser than sand used for

plastering. As a result, sand must be correctly screened for various stages of

construction, and the sand sieving machine may be used to effectively sieve

sand since it is comfortable and simple to use. This project was conceived as a

result of advancements in various areas involving technological innovations,

building construction, and other development factors.

Sand was used in a variety of industries, including construction and

manufacturing. Before it can be used, sand must be filtered and separated from

unwanted particles, stones, and other large particles. This project focused on the

design and fabrication of the machine's mechanical parts and the sieving

machine's system. To achieve this project goal, the sieve machine body structure

and mechanical system must meet additional criteria such as strength, safety,

and ergonomic design. This project flow must begin with design, then move on to

analysis, and finally the fabrication process.

The multi-level sand sieving and screening machine was extremely

efficient and multiplayer. According to the varying material grain sizes, it may

screen the materials into multiple levels of goods. Instead of employing a

manual, traditional method of separating sand using a hand-operated rectangular

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sieve, this approach can boost the production rate of cast products. The multi-

level sand sieving machine can handle three different sizes of sand grains, which

translates to three different mesh sizes organized in multiple layers, from coarse

on top to the finest at the bottom.

Sand sieving required different mechanisms. In line with this, the

researcher designed, fabricated, and tested a multi-level sand sieving machine.

Sieving sand using a multi-level sand sieving machine requires

considerably less time and labor than the traditional sieving methods. As a result,

mechanizing the sand sieving process alleviated these issues, leading to the

creation of a multi-level sand sieving machine.

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to develop a multi-level sand sieving machine.

Specifically, this study aimed to:

1. Design and construct a multi-level sand sieving machine.

2. Test the functionality of the machine.

Significance of the Study

The concept of developing a sand sieving machine to meet industrial

requirements such as sand quality and output was inspired by observations

made by industry users. The design and fabrication of a multi-level sand sieving

machine benefited construction sites, homes, and construction workers.

Furthermore, the study was being used to promote and develop a locally made
 3

sand sieving machine for the sand sieving process, which saves time and human

effort. As a result, this sand sieving machine was created to assist workers

during their sieving process, reducing efforts and expenses.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study's scope was limited to the use of an AC motor and construction

aggregates for the machine to sieve. The machine was powered by a 220VAC

and could sieve sand at three different levels, with a capacity load of 50 kg. The

multi-level sand screening machine had a capacity length of 47 inches, a width of

24 inches, and a height of 30 inches. The machine was portable and movable,

and it was powered by an electric motor from a washing machine, with v-pulleys,

v-belts, and shafts serving as the primary motion transmission mechanisms. The

machine's functionality was tested with 20 construction workers in New Janiuay,

M’lang, North Cotabato. The average mean formula was used to analyze the

data gathered from the respondents.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms used in the study were operationally defined for easy

understanding of the machine.

AC – refers to alternating current that we usually used in outlets.

AC Motor – It is a motor that has a source of 220 volts used to drive the belt in

the gears of the machine.

 4

Ball Bearing – used to reduce the surface contact and rotational friction of

gears.

Bolt – Threaded metal fastener consisting of round metal rod with head and

thread to receive the nut.

Hopper – A funnel-shaped device used to move material from one receptacle to

another.

Nut – Small block of metal having a control thread hole.

Pillow Block – A metal plate that encloses and supports a journal or shaft

bearing.

Switch – Device used to close and open a circuit.

Sand Screen – a type of filter used to separate sand particles from other

materials.

V-Belt – A rubber and fabric belt with a V cross section for use on grooved

pulleys.

V-Pulley – Wheel used to transmit power by means of a belt which travels over

its face.
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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter reviewed various theories and related literature from several

authors contributing to the concept of this study.

Related Literature of the Studies

The sieving machine is constructed of sturdy materials such as mild steel,

which has high strength. It has two opening sides for monitoring the screen's

gradual improvement. Some vibrating sieving machines are multi-leveled, with

two or more levels of screen placed to separate different sized components. The

screens are made of wire mesh and are available in a variety of grit sizes. The

larger components remain on the vibrating screen's upper layer. The second

screen has a modest number of components, while the third screen has a

smaller number of components. As a result, screens are used to segregate the

various components' sizes (Santosh et al., 2017).

Sand Sieving

Sand sieving is a method of separating comparatively larger sand particles

from other unnecessary impurities present in sand dug from river banks. The

screening procedure is required. It is necessary to remove gravel and pebbles

from the sand. We can give good strength to the concrete and improve the sand

quality by sieving the sand.

 7

Hasan and Sourov (2021) stated that the operation and mechanism of a

sand sieving machine are extremely simple and user-friendly. People used to

sieve sand by hand before the invention of this machine. It took too much time

and reduced productivity. However, this machine does the same thing

automatically, increasing productivity while also saving time. This machine can

solve many more such problems in an instant, increasing productivity, ensuring

construction quality, and saving time. On the market, there are various types of

sand sieving machines. They are both too heavy and too bulky. As a result, those

machines are completely immobile. However, despite its small size and light

weight, this machine performs the same function as other machines. There are

various types of sand sieving machines available on the market. They are both

heavy and bulky. As a result, those machines are not at all portable. However,

despite its small size and light weight, this machine performs the same function

as other machines. The attached wheels make it easy for this machine to move

around. On the other hand, this machine can be easily disassembled into parts,

allowing anyone to attach or detach any part as needed.

Moreover, Chandramohan et al. (2021) emphasized that sand was sieved

using a rectangular mesh that is inclined at a certain angle. This causes the

particles and the sieve to move relative to one another. Individual particles,

depending on their size, either pass through the sieve mesh or are retained on

the sieve surface. Sand sieving processes are carried out using a variety of

machines. The process will be carried out automatically in our project. As a

result, the time spent on the entire process of preparing the concrete is reduced.
 8

Mechanism for Screening

The vibrating equipment in this mechanism is a shaker or series of

shakers, where the eccentric motor connected to the rotating shaft via belt pulley

transmission causes the entire structure to shake. Material moves up and down

due to the amplitude of vibration, and material moves forward due to inclination.

Four springs are located beneath the structure to ensure vibration and shock

absorption as the structure returns to its middle state. The primary screen mesh

failure problem, caused by impact load due to large stones, was successfully

addressed in this study by using an inclined vibrating screen. By removing large

stones before the primary screen, the primary screener's lifespan is extended

(Patel et al., 2019). Hapsenkar et al. (2020) added that the sand sieving machine

is simple to assemble and use. Using these types of machines is very cost-

effective. This project is built with the help of components such as a V-Belt,

pulley, cam plate, and sand sieve.

Sand sieving machines operate on the reciprocation motion principle,

which separates stone particles from the required fine and clean particles. When

the A.C. supply is switched on, the motor starts to rotate at the required rpm. The

V-Belt pulley is attached to the motor shaft and is used to transfer power from

one shaft to another. A connecting rod is connected to a cam plate and a sand

sieve or mesh. The Cam converts the rotary motion of the sand sieve into a

reciprocating motion, after which sand is placed on the sand sieve and

reciprocates, and clean sand particles collect on the container (sand collecting

box), and it is used as needed (Hapsenkar et al., 2020).

 9

Patil et al. (2017) added that reciprocating motion is similar to but distinct

from sinusoidal simple harmonic motion. It is also known as reciprocation, and it

is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion. It can be found in a

wide variety of mechanisms, including engines and pumps. Because the crank

and connecting rod are not usually enclosed, reciprocating motion is clearly

visible in early steam engines, particularly horizontal stationary engines and

outside-cylindered steam locomotives.

The sieving machine's basic principle of operation is to transform the D-C

motor's rotational motion into the sieving bracket's sliding action (a slider-crank

mechanism). To produce the required motion while it turns, the motor is equipped

with a pulley and pulley belt combination. When the mesh attached to it moves or

slides, the shaft connected to the movable framing section moves or slides back

and forth, separating the particles and other foreign particles of the desired size

based on the mesh size. A wide range of particle sizes can be processed with

this method (Adhapure et al., 2021).

Fabrication

Atienza et al. (2017) stated that the construction of the three trommels

was the first step in the project. The structure of the machine's frame, as well as

the assembly of the driving mechanism and other machine accessories, came

next. A power hacksaw was used to cut the angle bars to the required lengths

before welding them together to form the base frame and the inclinable frame. A

sheet metal bending brake was used to cut large steel sheets into sheet metal
 10

sizes, which were then formed with a sheet metal shear press. The bent steel

sheets are then connected by rivets to form the feed hopper, plaster sand

hopper, and side shield. Power tools like hammer drills and angle grinders are

used to drill holes, clean up weldments, grind sharp edges, and cut small parts.

To complete the project, the fabricated parts, including subassemblies, were

assembled using bolts. Significant changes were made to simplify the fabrication

process without sacrificing the strength, durability, or functionality of the modified

element or part.

The drive system of the designed sand sieving machine consists of a

shaft, an AC motor, a pillow block, a V-belt, and a V-pulley. These five elements

interact with one another. The sand sieving machine's contact mechanics are

useful for creating the optimal design so that users can operate it smoothly. The

research project included the creation of a conceptual model of a machine that

could execute numerous tasks at once. Simultaneously, the machine must be

highly productive while remaining cost-effective.

Prior Arts

Hasan and Sourov (2021) developed an automatic sieving machine for

granular and powder materials in Bangladesh. It was created to filter sand using

a motor. This machine was operated by a switch, making it very simple to use

and requiring no skilled labor. A motor was used to rotate the cylindrical sand

filter, increasing the sand filtering rate compared to human filtering of sand with a

hand tool. This machine is environmentally friendly and produces very little noise,
 11

so it does not contribute to noise pollution. It is not too heavy; it requires less

maintenance; and the wheels make it easier to move from one location to

another.

Moreover, Hasan and Sourov (2021) concluded that this machine can be

used on construction sites where sand needs to be filtered. This machine may be

a good option for construction sites because it is more efficient than manual tools

and has a reasonable price. It can also be used in foundries where sand must be

separated from pollutants in order to produce mold from filtered sand.

Fig. 1 Automatic Sieving Machine for Granular/Powder Materials

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Conceptual Framework of the Study

This conceptual framework included the input, process, and output

processes as shown in Figure 2. The researcher gathered the input materials

and, using these materials, entered the fabrication process, which resulted in the

Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Bolts
Metal Sheet
Angle Bar
V-Pulley Multi-Level Sand
Fabrication
V-Belt Sieving Machine
Shafting
P/Block
Mesh/Screen

Fig. 2 Conceptual Framework of the Study

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METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented and discussed the procedures used in this study. It

included the materials and equipment; labor cost; project cost; project design;

construction schedule; procedures of construction; testing and revising; operating

procedures; safety and control measures; and maintenance that were used in the

study.

Bill of Materials

Table 1 contains the materials needed for this project. Each item has a

corresponding description, quantity, and cost.

Table 1. Bill of Materials

Quantity Unit Description Unit Cost Total Cost
1 Sheet G.I Sheet #1.4 2,150.00 2,150.00
2 Length Angle Bar 1/8x1 ½ 440.00 880.00
4 Length Angle Bar 1/8x1 280.00 1,120.00
1 Length Round Bar 9mm 130.00 130.00
3 Pcs. P/Block P205 180.00 540.00
1½ Feet Shafting #1 100.00 150.00
1 Pc. V-Pulley #12 1Bx1 800.00 800.00
6 Pcs. Bolt w/nut &washer 5/16 x1 ½ 12.00 72.00
7 Pcs. Bolt w/nut &washer 5/16x1 8.00 56.00
46 Pcs. Bolt w/nut &washer 1/4x1 12.00 552.00
1 Box Welding Rod 225.00 225.00
1 Pc. V-Belt A60 170.00 170.00
1 Pc. 220 VAC Motor 500.00 500.00
1 meter Hardware Cloth 90.00 90.00
1 meter Screen 1x3 #16 130.00 130.00
1 meter Screen 1x3 #14 110.00 110.00
1 liter Epoxy Primer (Gray) 245.00 245.00
3 Meters Electric Wire 35.00 105.00
1 pc Single Switch 50.00 50.00
1 Liter Manor QDE (Baby Blue) 175.00 175.00
2 Bottles Lacquer Thinner 55.00 110.00
Total Php 8,360.00
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Tools and Equipment

Table 2 contains the tools and equipment needed for the fabrication of the

multi-level sand sieving machine and its function.

Table 2. Tools and Equipment

Tools Function
Adjustable Wrench A tool used for turning bolts and nuts which has a
movable jaw to fit the various sizes of bolts and
Ball Pen Hammer nuts.
Center Punch A tool used to pound metal.
Hack Saw A tool used to create marking guide for drilling.
A tool for cutting metal; with a hard steel blade in a
Hand tap frame under tension.
Steel Rule A tool used to thread metal.
Steel Tape A tool used to measure and make straight line.
A tool used measure the length and width.
Equipment
Angle Grinder
Drilling Machine Used for grinding (abrasive cutting) and polishing.
Electric Hand Drill A machine used to drill holes on the metal.
Post Drill Used to drill holes of sizes on metals.
Welding Machine A hand-operated drill press for drilling in metal
A machine used to join metal by the application of
heat, pressure or combination of both.

Labor Cost

The labor cost of the project was 50% of the total supplies and materials

as agreed by the researcher and the maker of the project, amounting to four

thousand one hundred eighty pesos (Php 4,180.00).

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Project Cost

Table 3 contains the overall project cost of the multi-level sand sieving

machine, including supplies and materials, labor, and miscellaneous. The project

cost was thirteen thousand pesos (Php 12,800.00). The supply and materials

have much higher expenses because they are the most expensive parts of this

project. Miscellaneous expenses included transportation and gas to purchase the

necessary materials.

Table 3. Project Cost

Cost Analysis Total Amount (Php)
Bill of Materials 8,360.00
Labor Cost 4,180.00
Miscellaneous Expenses 260.00
Total Php12,800.00
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Project Design

This part of the study showed the different views or sides of the project. It

includes the Perspective Drawing, an Isometric Drawing, an Orthographic

Drawing, and an Exploded View of the Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine.

Fig. 3 Perspective Drawing of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

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Fig. 4 Isometric Drawing of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

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TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

Fig. 5 Orthographic Drawing of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

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2
6
1 4
3 5

17

7
8

10 9

11

15 12
13
14
16

Fig. 6 Exploded View of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

Legend:

Parts List:

1. Hopper 10. Pillow Block

2. Stopper 11. V-Pulley #12 1Bx1
3. Outlet 1 (Coarse) 12. Rubber
4. Screen 1 (Coarse) 13. Shafting
5. Screen 2 (Medium Coarse) 14. V-Belt A60
6. Screen 3 (Fine) 15. AC Motor
7. G.I Sheet 1.4 16. Steel Wheel
8. Outlet 3 (Fine) 17. Angle Bar
9. Outlet 2 (Medium Coarse)
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Functional Block Diagram

This diagram showed the principle of operation from the start up to the

end of the proposed multi-level sand sieving machine.

Sand Feeder
Aggregates Hopper

Three Layered
AC Motor
Screen

Sieving Reciprocating
Process Motion

Sand
Collecting Box

Fig. 7 Functional Block Diagram of Sand Sieving Mechanism

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Construction Schedule

Table 4 showed the construction schedule of the multi-level sand sieving

machine; the activities are done per week. In designing and developing a plan, it

took one (1) week; in preparing materials, it took one (1) week; and in

constructing the frame and hopper, it took two (2) weeks. Assembling the parts

took three (3) weeks; and testing and revising malfunctioning parts took one (1)

week in the time frame.

Table 4. Construction Time Frame of the Study

Number of Weeks
Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A
B
C
D
E

Legend:

Activity:

A. Planning and Designing

B. Preparation of Materials

C. Constructing the Frame and Hopper

D. Assembling the Parts

E. Testing and Revising

 22

Procedures of Construction

This part included the procedures for the construction of the multi-level

sand sieving machine from the start up to the testing and final product of the

project.

1. Construct the base frame and assemble the three-layered screen.

2. Place the AC motor under the layered screens and connect the V-Pulley

and the AC motor using the V-Belt.

3. Construct the hopper with a stopper and install it at the top of the base

frame, connecting it to the screen.

4. Assemble the outlets and secure them to the various layers of the

screens.

5. The project is ready for testing.

Testing and Revising

Table 5 contains the defects in the multi-level sand sieving machine and

the revisions made to correct them.

Table 5. Defects and Revisions of the Study

Defects Revisions
The wheels used were rubber, so they Steel wheels were used to support
melted when welded and they could more weight.
not withstand the weight of the
machine.

Machine's hopper lacks a stopper so it A stopper was installed in the hopper

was difficult to control the load of the to control the sand load.
sand.
 23

The machine’s outlet was too short, The outlet was welded with a foldable
making it difficult to receive the extension.
screened sand while operating.
 24

Operating Procedures

The project has the following operating procedures:

1. Plug the machine into the power supply.

2. Fill the sample of sand into hopper through the funnel.

3. Unfold all the extensions of the outlet.

4. Turn on the electric motor by pressing the ON button switch after ensuring

that there are no loose parts on the machine.

5. Stop the machine by pressing the OFF-button switch.

Safety and Control Measures

The project has the following safety and control measures to enable it to

prevent any harm to the user.

1. Place the machine in an open and safe area.

2. Check the machine carefully each time and use personal protective

equipment such as gloves.

3. Turn off the machine when leaving it unattended.

4. The operator must be knowledgeable of the machine's operation.

5. Always remember that the first step to avoiding danger is recognizing the

hazard.
 25

Maintenance

In order to prevent unnecessary breakdown of the machine, the following

preventive maintenance tips and precautions should be followed in order to

prolong the service life of the machine.

1. Do not use the machine in any way not prescribed by the manufacturer.

2. Use only proper tools to use and repair the machine as prescribed by the

manufacturer.

3. All bolts and nuts should be properly tightened before and after the

machine’s operations.

4. Check bearing conditions after every month of operation.

5. Replace the screen when it rusts and is no longer usable.

6. The machine should be stored in dry areas to avoid rusting and corrosion.

7. Operate the machine according to its capacity load.

 26

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter discussed the results of the outcome of the project and the

survey being performed to test the functionality of the multi-level sand sieving

machine.

The multi-level sand sieving machine has been designed mainly for

sieving different sizes of sand used at different stages of building construction.

The operation of the machine was straightforward and simple and did not require

any special expertise, skill, or knowledge. The design factors and construction

are consistent. The machine was tested in the workshop, and it was confirmed to

be in good working condition. The machine took a total of 8 weeks, from planning

and designing, preparation of materials, constructing the frame and hopper,

assembling the parts, testing, and revising.

Pictorial Image

The figure below was the actual pictorial image of the finished,

constructed, and operational multi-level sand sieving machine.

Fig. 8. Actual Photo of Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

 27

Weighted Mean of the Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

The table showed the weighted mean on the functionality of the multi-level

sand sieving machine and its equivalent description. The following statements:

the machine’s hopper has a stopper to control the load of the sand rated 4.75;

the machine’s motor was securely installed and has a cover rated 4.85; the

materials used are strong enough to withstand the load capacity rated 4.80; the

machine has a movable screen and can sieve different types of sand grains rated

4.80; the machine operated with safety precautions rated 4.60; to avoid

excessive movement, the machine should be filled with sand before operating

rated 4.75; the machine’s outlet separates the sand according to its grain size

and uses rated 4.95; and the machine’s reciprocating motion and speed is

accurate enough to sieve the sand rated 4.80 described as highly functional

based on the rated data from the respondents.

In the statement, the wheels make it easier to move the machine when

necessary. The respondents rated 3.95 as functional because the machine is too

heavy for the size of the wheels. According to Hasan and Sourov (2021), two

large and sturdy plastic wheels make it easy to transport the machine. Because

of their light weight, plastic wheels are commonly used. This machine is

equipped with a pair of lockable caster wheels at the front. Lock caster wheels

are used in this machine because they can lock during operation, preventing the

machine from moving.

Based on the survey results, the respondents rated the project with an

overall mean of 4.72, with a verbal description of highly functional. The machine’s
 28

functionality was high, based on the discussion of results. In addition, Hapsenkar

et al. (2020) reiterated that the machine was faster and portable; hence, it

reduced labor compared to manual screening.

Table 6. Weighted Mean of the Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine

Statements Weighted Equivalent
Mean Description
1. The machine’s hopper has a stopper to 4.75 Highly
control the load of the sand. Functional
2. The wheels make it easier to move the 3.95 Functional
machine when necessary.
3. The hopper of the machine makes filling the 4.95 Highly
sand easier. Functional
4. The machine’s motor was securely installed 4.85 Highly
and has a cover. Functional
5. The materials used are strong enough to 4.80 Highly
withstand the load capacity. Functional
6. The machine has a movable screen and can 4.80 Highly
sieve different types of sand grains. Functional
7. The machine operated with safety 4.60 Highly
precaution. Functional
8. To avoid excessive movement, the machine 4.75 Highly
should be filled with sand before operating. Functional
9. The machine's outlet separates the sand 4.95 Highly
according to its grain size and uses. Functional
10. The machine's reciprocating motion and 4.80 Highly
speed is accurate enough to sieve the sand. Functional
Average Weighted Mean 4.72 Highly
Functional

Legend:

Scale Range Equivalent Description

5 4.21 – 5.00 Highly Functional
4 3.41 – 4.20 Functional
3 2.61 – 3.40 Moderately Functional
2 1.81 – 2. 60 Least Functional
1 1.00 – 1.80 Not Functional
 29

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presented the summary, conclusion, and recommendation

based on the result of the study.

Summary

The researcher designed and fabricated a Multi-Level Sand Sieving

Machine. The machine contained three different mesh sizes organized into

multiple layers, from coarse on top to the finest at the bottom. Sand sieving takes

a lot of time and effort, so the aim of this study was to create a sand sieving

machine to save time and effort. Also, mechanizing the process of sand sieving

alleviated sieving problems in construction. In the testing process, the machine

was successful in sieving at three different levels.

The result of this study revealed that the multi-level sand sieving machine

was highly functional as rated by the respondents, with an average mean of 4.72,

which is highly functional. Mechanizing the sand sieving process benefited the

construction workers. It was beneficial in reducing time, saving labor costs,

speed of sieving, and human effort. The sand sieving machine was designed to

assist workers during their sieving process where efforts are reduced and

expenses are minimized. The multi-level sand sieving machine was suitable to

be used in the future as a replacement for the manual, traditional way that has

always been used until now.

 30

Conclusions

This research focused on the design and fabrication of the multi-level sand

sieving machine. Since the traditional method of separating sand was labor-

intensive and cost-exorbitant, mechanizing the process of sieving using the sand

sieving machine substantially helped the workers alleviate these problems. The

multi-level sand sieving machine allowed a worker to sieve sand at three different

levels that were used in different types of construction. This method of sieving

saved time and effort. The result showed that the multi-level sand sieving

machine was highly functional in terms of sieving at three different levels. This

implied that the machine was suitable for sieving sand and that mechanizing the

machine could reduce the workload of the workers.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the researcher

recommends the following:

1. The materials to be used in the fabrication of the machine’s frame and

hopper should be durable for better stability and mobility. Mild steel is

ideal.

2. The screen to be used in sieving should be high-quality and have more

thickness.

3. The wheels to be used should be lock caster wheels so they can lock and

prevent the machine from moving while in use.

 31

LITERATURE CITED

Adhapure, D. U., Bhoite, S. S., Deshpande, V. J., Chavan, U. P., & More, S. B.
(2021). Design and Fabrication of Multi-purpose Sieving Machine.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES),
9(7), 44-49.
Atienza, A. B., Candor, A. C., Inoncillo, R. G., Pelayo, E. R., & Fortaleza, B. N.
(2017). Design and Fabrication of Inclinable Trommel. 6th Pacific-Asia
Conference on Mechanical Engineering.
Chandramohan, V., Ragunath, T., Sanjith, S., Santhoshvishnu, G., & Vivek, N.
(2021). Design and Fabrication of Automated Sand Filter. International
Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology
(IJRASET), 9(111), 382-385.
Hapsenkar, S. V., Sasamkar, R. M., Kamatgikar, A. V., Mandlik, S. D.,
Wankhade, A. R., Khandate, T. R., . . . Nagargoje, S. G. (2020). Design
and Fabrication of Industrial Sand Screening Machine for Green Sand.
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and
Management, 03(11), 16-21.
Hasan, Z., & Sourov, M. H. (2021). Design and Development of Automatic
Sieving Machine for Granular/Powder Materials. Research and
Development in Machine Design, 4(1).
Patel, R., Brahmbhatt, T., Patel, V., & Patel, U. (2019). Factors Affecting Lifespan
of Primary Screen and it’s Solution in Sand. International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 06(06), 1637-1641.
Patil, M. P. S., Shubham, M., & Jagadale, S. (2017). Multipurpose Sand
Screening Machine. Vol. 4, Special Issue 1, January 2017, ISSN (Online)
2393, 8021.
Santosh, P. R., Suyog, D. A., Ennath, S. S., Dange, A. C., Aher, S., & Darade, P.
(2017). Cam & Follower Operated Multi-Level Vibrating Screening
Machine. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET), 04(04), 75-77.
 32

APPENDICES
 33

APPENDIX A

Letter Of Request

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO – KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS
Sudapin, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
________________________________________________________________

January 17, 2022

HON. JUDY G. PALMARES

Barangay Captain
Barangay New Janiuay, Mlang, North Cotabato

Maam:

The undersigned is a fourth year Bachelor of Technology student major in

Civil Technology of the University of Southern Mindanao – Kidapawan City
Campus.

In line with this, she would like to request permission to conduct a survey
on her project study entitled “Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine.” The
respondents of the research will be the selected twenty (20) construction workers
of the P-1 Barangay New Janiuay of this municipality.

Your kind approval of this request is highly appreciated. Thank you and
God bless.

Respectfully Yours,

(Sgd.) APRIL JOY N. PORCELO

Researcher

NOTED:

(Sgd.) NIÑO CHELVIN E. SABIT

Research Adviser

APPROVED:

(Sgd.) HON. JUDY G. PALMARES

Brgy. Captain
 34

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO – KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS
Sudapin, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
________________________________________________________________

February 03, 2022

Dear Respondent:

The undersigned is a fourth-year student at the University of Southern Mindanao,

Kidapawan City Campus, pursuing a degree in Bachelor of Technology major in
Civil Technology.

The researcher humbly requests that her project study, "Multi-Level Sand
Sieving Machine," be formally evaluated because she believes that your
expertise will aid in the improvement of her study.
Rest assured that the information gathered will be kept at the highest level of
confidentiality.

Your positive response to this request will make a significant contribution to the
success of the study and will be greatly appreciated.
Thank you, and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

(Sgd.) APRIL JOY N. PORCELO

Researcher

Noted:

(Sgd.) NIÑO CHELVIN E. SABIT

Research Adviser
 35

APPENDIX B

Research Instrument

Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO – KIDAPAWAN CITY CAMPUS
Sudapin, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
________________________________________________________________

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
“Multi-Level Sand Sieving Machine”

Name: (Optional) _________________________________________

Direction: Please rate the project based on its functionality. Please put a check
(√) on the box that describes to your answer.

Legend:

Scale Equivalent Description

5 Highly Functional
4 Functional
3 Moderately Functional
2 Least Functional
1 Not Functional

SCALE
Statements 5 4 3 2 1
1. The machine’s hopper has a stopper to control the load of
the sand.
2. The wheels make it easier to move the machine when
necessary.
3. The hopper of the machine makes filling the sand easier.
4. The machine’s motor was securely installed and has a
cover.
5. The materials used are strong enough to withstand the
load capacity.
6. The machine has a movable screen and can sieve
different types of sand grains.
7. The machine operated with safety precaution.
8. To avoid excessive movement, the machine should be
filled with sand before operating.
9. The machine's outlet separates the sand according to its
grain size and uses.
10. The machine's reciprocating motion and speed is
accurate enough to sieve the sand.
 36

APPENDIX C
 37

APPENDIX D

Operational Manual

1. Tighten all the bolts. Check the adjusting bolts before operation.

2. Place the machine on a flat surface and make sure it is stabilized and

not tilted.

3. Plug the machine into the power supply.

4. Unfold all the extensions of the outlet.

5. Load the sand into the hopper and make sure the stopper is closed.

6. Start the machine by pressing the on-button switch.

7. Release the hopper’s stopper.

8. The sand sieving machine is ready for operation.

 38

Technical Specification (AutoCAD)

This part of the study showed the technical specification (AutoCAD) of the

multi-level sand sieving machine and its dimensions. It includes the front view,

back view, top view, left-side view and right-side view of the machine.

TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

 39

Image Of the Project (Perspective)

The image below was the actual image of the Multi-Level Sand Sieving

Machine.

The machine was built with the help of components such as V-belt, V-pulley,
shaft, pillow block, bolts, and sand sieve.

The actual image of the finished, constructed, and operational Multi-Level Sand
Sieving Machine.
 40

APPENDIX E

Documentation Of Project Construction

The image below was the actual construction process of the Multi-Level

Sand Sieving Machine.

Assemble the three-layered screen. Construct the base frame and attach
the three-layered screen.

Construct the hopper and put the Paint the machine with epoxy primer.
pieces together.

Completely coat the machine with a quick-drying enamel paint.

 41

APPENDIX F

Documentation Of Testing

The image below was the actual testing process of the Multi-Level Sand

Sieving Machine.

Load the sand into the hopper. Start the sieving process.

Center Outlet (Coarse Sand) Screened Sand

Left Outlet (Medium Coarse Sand)
Right Outlet (Fine Sand)
 42

APPENDIX G

Curriculum Vitae

A. PERSONAL DATA
Name: April Joy N. Porcelo
Date of Birth: April 30, 2000
Home Address: New Janiuay, Mlang,
North Cotabato
Age: 22
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Father’s Name: Bernard D. Porcelo
Mother’s Name: Evelyn N. Porcelo
B. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Tertiary: University of Southern Mindanao
Kidapawan City Campus
Bachelor of Technology
S.Y. 2021-2022
Secondary:
Notre Dame of Mlang
SY 2017-2018
Primary: With Honors
Pangcog Elementary School
S.Y. 2011-2012
Valedictorian

C. AFFILIATION
Academic: Autonomous Student Government
USM-KCC
Media Team (Content Creator)
S.Y. 2021-2022

D. SEMINARS
Webinar on HIV/AIDS Awareness
Via Zoom
March 4, 2021

Webinar on Breast Cancer Awareness

Via Zoom
March 16, 2021

Webinar on Dental Health

Via Zoom
March 22, 2021
 43

Webinar on Fire Safety and Prevention

Via Zoom
March 29, 2021

Webinar Series for On-the-Job Training

Via Zoom
May 04, 2021

Webinar on Gender Sensitivity

Via Zoom
May 21, 2021

CERTIFIED, TRUE AND CORRECT:

APRIL JOY N. PORCELO

09518238938
porceloapriljoy@gmail.com