INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN VISAYAS
Then, after two or
1. SULODNON TRIBE OF PANAY
 The Tumandok or Sulodnon (also known as
Panay Bukidnon or Panayanon Sulud)
 official name Sulod that translates to
“closet” or “room,” they are also called
montesses (“mountain dwellers”) by
owlanders, mundos for Sulods of Capiz and
Aklan, and buki, which is short for bukidnon
for Sulods of Iloilo and Antique
 who reside in the Capiz Lambunao
mountainous area of Panay in the Visayan
Islands of the Philippines and A of 2010, the
Sulod population was 81,189 people.
 Small, autonomous settlements consist of
from five to seven four-walled, one room
houses, raised on bamboo or wooden posts.
 Subsistence is based on cultivation of rice,
corn, and sweet potato, supplemented by
hunting and fishing.
BELIEFS:
 The Sulod believe in several spirits and deities
and hold at least sixteen annual ceremonies,
most of which are conducted by the religious
specialists (baylan).
CUSTOMS AND TRADITION
 Leadership is in the hands of the oldest man of
each settlement and called “parangkuton”
(“counselor”), with his title literally translating
to “one to be asked.”
 The parangkuton is the main person in charge
of officiating over activities such as hunting,
housebuilding, and moving to a new Kaingin site
and in charge of resolving disputes, as well as
overseeing annual social and religious events.
Each parangkuton is assisted by a young man
called “timbang” (“helper” or “assistant”).
When the parangkuton dies, a transfer of
leadership happens and the remaining oldest
man in the puro inherits the title.
 The binukot are selected among the beautiful
young women of the tribe and considered as
“princesses” and are hidden away in closed
rooms, away from the eyes of men and they
treated them with the care and attention
befitting their stature in the community. When
they are of the right age, they are auctioned for
marriage.
TRADITION
 “balasan” or “wake of the dead”, when a loved
one has died and everyone in the community
chips in with material things to condole with the
bereaved family.
 Important stature, such as a baylan or
parangkuton, is not buried in the ground, unlike
an ordinary Sulod. Instead, a special coffin is
made for them, which is then placed in a shed
made of cogon grass called
“kantang” on top of a solitary hill.
three months, the bones are removed, washed, and
wrapped in a black cloth, to be suspended under the
eaves of the house. It is believed that the Sulods’ death
or manner of dying were pre-determined by the three
brothers Mangganghaw, Manlaegas, and Patag’aes, as
stated in their mythology.
2. ESKAYA PEOPLE OF BOHOL
 Less commonly known as the Visayan-Eskaya
 the collective name for the members of a
cultural minority found in Bohol, Philippines,
which is distinguished by its cultural heritage,
particularly its literature, language, dress and
religious observances.
 had a population of around 3000 as of 2000.
BELIEF IN THEIR ORIGIN
 The tribe’s unique oral history can be traced
back to biblical times. It is believed that the
Eksaya originated from a butterfly called “Pinya
Paypay Ping”. The butterfly interacted with a
lion and lioness which conceived a monkey that
gave birth to the humans.
WRITTEN CHARACTERS
 derived from the parts of the human body as
depicted by hand-carved wooden depictions
and much of their history is still only passed on
through word of mouth at the schools using
their language.
 Sadly, it is only the elders who continue to study
the tribe’s language and history.
3. ATI OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
 who inhabit the mountain areas of Panay
and Negros, are also called Negrito,Ituman,
and Negros.
 They continue to exhibit generally
perceived Negrito traits: short and lean
body build; kinky hair, which may be very
bushy in the case of women; unblemished
and oily dark chocolate-brown to almost
black skin; diminutive but broad noses; and
round dark eyes
 They cultivate swiddens to a variety of crops
such as rice, corn, banana, sugar cane,
beans, vegetables, root crops, and tapioca.
Tobacco is also raised in limited quantities.
Of the produce, only the surplus may be
sold or cash or bartered with products from
other Ati groups and Visayan neighbors.
 Implements used in farming are guna (a
kind of sharp knife) and digging stick. Some
Ati men know how to plow but since they
do not own traction animals, their
knowledge is used only when they are hired
by Christian farm owners
SOURCE OF INCOME:
Banayong – poisonous root
Pityokan – giant black honey bee
Kabolay – beeswax collected melted and stored
CUSTOMS IN MARRIAGE :

Pangaluyag -- act of courting

Portador – seeking permission

Convite – who arrange wedding feast

Bugay – bride price

4. KARAY-A PEOPLE OF ANTIQUE

 Are part of the wider Visayan ethnolinguistic
group, which constituent the largest Filipin
ethnolinguistic group and "Kinaray-a" refers to
both the ethnic group and their language that
are concentrated in the provinces of Antique
and Iloilo. It is derived from the word iraya
meaning "upstream" and known as "the
language of the sacada and the muchacho" (Ani
19:12).
 descendants of immigrants from Borneo,
through the epic-myth of the "Ten Bornean
Datus". Recent findings, however, revealed that
the ancestors of the Karay-a are the
Austronesian-speaking immigrants who came
from South China during the Iron Age. They
primarily speak Karay-a.
 Native speakers: 600,000 as of 2010