UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI BRUNEI

School of Design
DA 2202
Building Construction & Working Drawings
Building Systems: Foundation
by:
Asst. Prof. Dr. Zulkefle Ismail
School of Design, Universiti Teknologi Brunei
zulkefle.ismail@utb.edu.bn
Building
Systems
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
 FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Strip Footing
❑ A continuous longitudinal pad under load bearing structures
❑ Use for light weight one to two storey residential building
❑ It can be constructed from concrete, stone or brick

Stone Concrete Brick

Strip Footing Strip Footing Strip Footing
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Strip Footing
 FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pad Footing
❑ Isolated square or
rectangular bars of
concrete used to
spread
concentrated load

❑ Use for commercial

and residential
building ranging
from ground to
medium high rise
building
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pad Footing
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Raft Footing
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Raft Footing

Solid Slab Raft

Made of single monolithic concrete slab
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Raft Footing

Beam & Slab Raft

Made of single monolithic concrete slab & beam
 FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Raft Footing

Cellular Raft
Made of single monolithic concrete slab, column & beam
 FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pile Foundation
❑ Columns usually RC cast or driven to ground
❑ Used for:
▪ Medium to high-rise building
▪ In soil condition where strong stratum found at deep
distant position
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pile Foundation
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pile Foundation
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pile Foundation
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Pile Foundation
 FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Plan for Foundation
❑ A plan where the section plane passes through the
foundation in the ground
❑ Sectioned part of the foundation is drawn by section line
❑ Unsectioned part of the foundation is drawn by elevation
line
❑ Walls of the ground floor are drawn on the foundation
❑ Usually prepared in 1:50 scale but for large buildings, it can
be prepared in 1:100, 1:200 and other smaller scales
❑ It will be supported by detail plans and sections
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Plan for Foundation

Strip Foundation
FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Plan for Foundation

Pad Footing
 FOUNDATION OF BUILDING
Raft Foundation Plan for Foundation Pile Foundation