Jawaban No.

1:
Data mentah:
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
27,82 21,43 44,87 5,11 1,77 0,77 4,93
28,49 21,26 43,89 5,34 1,79 1,02 4,84
28,35 19,99 45,78 5,08 1,63 0,8 4,95
30,55 20,15 43,13 4,79 1,61 1,38 4,74
30,49 21,28 41,65 4,82 1,64 1,76 4,67
31,14 20,23 42,31 4,92 1,65 1,4 4,67
31,21 20,97 41,34 4,71 1,58 1,77 4,63
28,76 21,41 41,6 5,28 1,75 2,95 4,72
28,22 20,48 45,1 5,02 1,71 1,18 4,93
27,72 21,19 45,29 5,16 1,66 0,64 4,95
27,35 21,2 45,59 4,94 1,65 0,92 4,98
26,98 21,2 45,03 5,15 1,67 1,64 4,97
28,7 20 45,12 4,93 1,56 1,25 4,91
30,91 19,65 42,45 4,81 1,65 2,81 4,72
30,91 20,77 42,03 4,9 1,61 1,39 4,67
30,83 17,88 44,33 5,26 1,76 1,7 4,77
32,73 20,06 39,74 5,24 1,69 2,23 4,47
34,58 17,53 40,87 5,05 1,61 1,97 4,46
31,8 20,35 40,44 5,43 1,61 1,98 4,53
31,02 19,05 42,29 5,27 1,71 2,37 4,66

Data di normalisasikan:
Data dinormalisasikan dengan membagi data perbaris dengan nilai maksimal dalam satu
kolomnya.
Nilai Max perkolom:

X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
max 34.58 21.43 45.78 5.43 1.79 2.95 4.98
Hasil normalisasi:
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
0.80451127 0.98012232 0.98882681 0.26101694
8 1 4 0.94106814 6 9 0.989959839
0.99206719 0.95871559 0.98342541 0.34576271
0.82388664 6 6 4 1 2 0.97188755
0.81983805 0.93554327 0.91061452 0.27118644
7 0.93280448 1 8 5 1 0.993975904
0.88345864 0.94027064 0.89944134
7 9 0.94211446 0.88213628 1 0.46779661 0.951807229
0.99300046 0.90978593 0.88766114 0.91620111 0.59661016
0.88172354 7 3 2 7 9 0.937751004
0.90052053 0.94400373 0.92420270 0.90607734 0.92178770 0.47457627
2 3 9 8 9 1 0.937751004
0.90254482 0.97853476 0.90301441 0.86740331 0.88268156
4 4 7 5 4 0.6 0.929718876
0.83169462 0.99906672 0.90869375 0.97237569 0.97765363
1 9 3 1 1 1 0.947791165
0.81607865 0.95566962 0.98514635 0.92449355 0.95530726
8 2 2 4 3 0.4 0.989959839
0.80161943 0.98880074 0.98929663 0.95027624 0.92737430 0.21694915
3 7 6 3 2 3 0.993975904
0.79091960 0.98926738 0.99584971 0.90976058 0.92178770 0.31186440
7 2 6 9 9 7 1
0.98926738 0.94843462 0.93296089 0.55593220
0.78021978 2 0.9836173 2 4 3 0.997991968
0.82995951 0.93327111 0.98558322 0.90791896 0.42372881
4 5 4 9 0.87150838 4 0.985943775
0.89386928 0.91693887 0.92726081 0.88581952 0.92178770 0.95254237
9 1 3 1 9 3 0.947791165
0.89386928 0.96920205 0.91808650 0.90239410 0.89944134 0.47118644
9 3 1 7 1 1 0.937751004
0.89155581 0.83434437 0.96832678 0.96869244 0.98324022 0.57627118 0.957831325
 3 7 9 3 6
0.94650086 0.93607092 0.86806465 0.96500920 0.94413407 0.75593220
8 9 7 8 8 3 0.897590361
0.81801213 0.89274792 0.93001841 0.89944134
1 3 5 6 1 0.66779661 0.895582329
0.91960670 0.88335517 0.89944134 0.67118644
9 0.94960336 7 1 1 1 0.909638554
0.89705031 0.88894073 0.92376583 0.95530726 0.80338983
8 7 7 0.97053407 3 1 0.935742972

Menghitung matrik covarians:

Cov X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
X1 0.003334091 -0.00194641 -0.002009001 -0.000142667 -0.000642974 0.006815963 -0.00183748
X2 -0.00194641 0.002669471 0.000439747 -0.000189305 0.000190935 -0.003395092 0.000747159
X3 -0.002009001 0.000439747 0.001729125 -6.48776E-05 0.000277541 -0.0065292 0.001349902
X4 -0.000142667 -0.000189305 -6.48776E-05 0.001418915 0.000813567 0.000924047 -6.36159E-05
X5 -0.000642974 0.000190935 0.000277541 0.000813567 0.001322237 0.000248033 0.000272569
X6 0.006815963 -0.003395092 -0.0065292 0.000924047 0.000248033 0.049013472 -0.004807114
X7 -0.00183748 0.000747159 0.001349902 -6.36159E-05 0.000272569 -0.004807114 0.001131677
 Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Kovarian:
Eigen Value 5.18E-02 4.55E-03 2.25E-03 1.56E-03 4.94E-04 4.32E-06 1.82E-07

Eigen
Vector [ ,1] [ ,2] [ ,3] [ ,4] [ ,5] [ ,6] [ ,7]
[ 1, ] 0.149145784 0.676454 -0.02982021 -0.2334006 -0.165218758 0.6609239 -0.026129046
[ 2, ] -0.075893244 -0.5171805 -0.56955952 -0.522279 -0.006122968 0.32902193 -0.145939059
[ 3, ] -0.136123884 -0.2474743 0.2106385 0.500176 0.02386402 0.4504214 -0.649794731
[ 4, ] 0.018012645 -0.1168736 0.60085837 -0.4629856 0.626286628 0.13557128 -0.003892299
[ 5, ] 0.001574167 -0.2577717 0.51319761 -0.3013377 -0.761094235 -0.0101548 -0.002742172
[ 6, ] 0.970908404 -0.2081232 -0.01440471 0.1084965 0.019422735 0.03565104 -0.01985861
[ 7, ] -0.102352215 -0.3004493 0.07572363 0.3250248 0.01480411 0.48196581 0.745230728

Jadi Pricipal Components adalah:

Y^ = e1’x = 0.149145784x1 + -0.075893244x2 + -0.136123884x3 + 0.018012645x4 + 0.001574167x5
1

+ 0.970908404x6 + -0.102352215x7
Y^ = e2’x = 0.676454x1 + -0.5171805x2 + -0.2474743x3 + -0.1168736x4 + -0.2577717x5 + -
2

0.2081232x6 + -0.3004493x7
Y^ 3 = e3’x = -0.02982021x1 + -0.56955952x2 + 0.2106385x3 + 0.60085837x4 + 0.51319761x5 + -
0.01440471x6 + 0.07572363x7
Y^ 4 = e4’x = -0.2334006x1 + -0.522279x2 + 0.500176x3 + -0.4629856x4 + -0.3013377x5 +
0.1084965x6 + 0.3250248x7

Y^ 5 = e5’x = 0.165218758x1 + 0.006122968x2 + 0.02386402x3 + 0.626286628x4 + 0.761094235x5 +

-0.019422735x6 + 0.01480411x7

Y^ 6 = e6’x = 0.6609239x1 + 0.32902193x2 + 0.4504214x3 + 0.13557128x4 + -0.0101548x5 +

0.03565104x6 + 0.48196581x7

Y^ 7 = e7’x = 0.026129046x1 + 0.145939059x2 + 0.649794731x3 + 0.003892299x4 + 0.002742172x5 +

-0.01985861x6 + 0.745230728x7

Pemilihan Principal Components:

Total Eigen Value = 5.18E-02 + 4.55E-03 + 2.25E-03 + 1.56E-03 + 4.94E-04 + 4.32E-06 +

1.82E-07 = 0.060618992405
 λ^ 1
5.18E-02
 P
= = 0.853950354
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

^λ
2
4.55E-03
 P
= = 0.074991646
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

^λ
3
2.25E-03
 P
= = 0.037074189
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

^λ
4
1.56E-03
 P
= = 0.025753777
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

^λ
5
4.94E-04
 P
= = 0.00815581
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

^λ 6
4.32E-06
 P
= = 7.12146E-05
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

^λ
7
1.82E-07
 P
= = 3.00978E-06
∑ ^λi 0.060618992405
i=1

Dari perhitungan diatas terlihat principal component ke 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7 kurang berarti sehingga
principal komponen yang digunakan adalah 1 dan 2 karena dua atribut tersebut sudah dapat
mengkover hampir keseluruhan hasil atau keputusan dengan presentase 93%.
Matriks Transformasi:

Untuk mendapatkan data yang telah ditranformasi, dilakukan dengan cara mengalikan data asli
(hasil normalisasi) dengan eigen vector yang terpilih. Rumusnya sebagai berikut:

Feature matrix * top k eigenvectors = Transformed Data

*
Hasilnya adalah sebagai berikut:

X1 X2
0.08128484 -0.9321547
0.17260127 -0.9296862
1.09520458 -0.8744704
0.30623322 -0.8400977
0.43300404 -0.8880936
0.31942037 -0.8318003
0.44182472 -0.8521361
0.81748034 -1.0375159
0.22027904 -0.9209945
0.03732691 -0.9078599
0.12560248 -0.9323496
 0.36355898 -0.9941533
0.24700883 -0.8803226
0.7827349 -0.9231837
0.31395581 -0.8409218
0.41830516 0.8424274
0.61289998 -0.8418396
0.54041234 -0.7161443
0.5228268 -0.8493663
0.64380835 -0.8895662

Matriks korelasi antara sampel Xi dan Y^ i :

Corr X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7
Y1 10.17781 6.468425 -17.91136 2.888296 0.270871 4.506958 -20.57763
Y2 13.67954 -13.06254 -9.649716 -5.55355 -13.14428 -0.286296 -17.90026
Y3 -0.424007 -10.11472 5.774995 20.07501 18.3999 -0.013933 3.172115
Y4 -2.765982 -7.730403 11.42934 -12.89246 -9.004696 0.087463 11.34798
Y5 -1.101843 -0.051001 0.306871 9.814192 -12.79874 0.008811 0.290869
Y6 0.411872 0.256087 0.541229 0.198518 -0.015957 0.001511 0.884876
Y7 -0.003347 -0.023352 -0.160517 -0.001172 -0.000886 -0.000173 0.281281