AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION AND TRANSLATION: BY A. P. BUDDHADATTA MAHATHERA Author of (The New Pati Course’, ‘The Higher Pali Course’, “Concise Pali-English Dictionary’, Pali-Sinhatese Dictionary’, ete. Aggdnims, AMBALANGODA PUBLISHED BY P. M. W. PIYARATNA, AMBALANGODAPREFACE rane: Tn 1028 bronght out a Handbook on Pali Conversation entitled Tribkashiraindkara. Tt contained collections of important, words, lessons in Pali conversation, giving meanings in both Sinhalese and English, and « fe Passages as exercises in translation. Whon 1 sent, 5 complimentary copy of this bool: to the late Professoe ‘ho New Pali Oourea, Bore I. ep. 00 Geiger, he wrote to me as follows = ‘The Now Pali Goun nen “T have now with great care perused your Handbook : on Pali Conversation, and I think it is an oxcellent ty. ep eee. {woduction into Pali composition. Tt would be very ‘wseful, indeod, if you would continue the work and tench students also how to make more dificult. compositions T think it would be best to arrange the matter in the The Hnglish-Pali Dictionary, form of a conversation hetween two persons, for instance (in oompilation) ; between two friends wandering through the island (talking about time, weather, country, tzees, roads, ete.\—or between a farmer and his wife (daily ang family life, education of the children, health and disease, agricultural work, popular belief, te.)—or between two members of the State Council (on politics, economia questions ; the translation from a newspaper's report on ® meeting would be highly interesting)—or between Priest and his pupil (on philosophical and religious Subjects). Letters, correspondence between two scholars or between merchants about business life, would also be useful. And T should advise you to render each sentence in English, Pali, and Sinhalese as you did in your Hand, ook, for this is highly instructive, I think, for both European and Sinhalese students” OTHER WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR: ‘Tho Higher Pali Course sn 6.00 ‘Tho Dhammapadam (‘Text and Translation), in the Prose 15001It is of course not impossible to compile such a work in the form that Professor Geiger has indicated, but it would be too voluminous a work, for which it might be difficult to find a publisher and buyers. ‘Thus 1 have decided to compile the present work as it is, small in volume, but yet an improvement on the Pribhdsharatnikara T have, however, dropped the Sinhalese in order to lessen the volume and make it more suitable for European students. This was compiled many years ago, but the publication was delayed year after year on account of one reason or another. My New Pali Course is now widely used in Ceylon and abroad. The long-delayed Higher Pali Course for the advanced students is now out. It has therefore seemed appropriate to bring out this book as @ supplement to those previous works. ‘The list of 220 verbs together with their Past Participles and Absolutives, given here, is a subject that should have been included in the Higher Pali Course. Letter-writing is another subject which should have been included there, but excluded from it in order to make the volume handy, This book consists of three parts of which the first includes “words in groups’, such as ‘ Relations’, “Vietuals. ‘The second is on conversation dealing with various topics, and the third constitutes translation, All words found in the separate portions are given in the ‘vocabulary together with their meanings, first Pali-English and socondly English-Pali. In the third part, to hegin with, there are some easy passages from popular stories and fables, and then somewhat more difficult selections such as ‘How Kalidasa became a Poet ', and lastly somo Passages, relating to historical facts, from » commentary vii on the Abbidhamma ; finally some more passages are given in the nature of essays on some ancient universities of India and Tibet. In the section on Letter-writing T have included some actual Pali letters sent to me by Professor Geiger, and some letters sent to him by myself. T possess somo tmore such Pali letters which shall be included in a fature edition if the students may need them, Some years ago when I handed my manuscript to Dr. G.P. Malalasckara, M.A., D.Lrrr., Professor of Pali, University of Ceylon, he made some suggestions for the improvement of the work. One of the suggestions was to arrange the words, given in a group, in alphabetical order. Accordingly, I have arranged each group in the alphabetical order. My thanks are due to him for these suggestions and also some corrections in my English, A. P. BUDDHADATTA. Aggirima, Ambalangoda.THE COLOMBO APOTHECARIES' CO, LTD. COLOMBO, CEYLON TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I WORDS IN GROUPS Some important pronominal terms, ete, Human Beings . sy é Persons according to their occupations Relations, : 7 i Es Members, organs and component parts of the body Victuals ¥e : Vegetables, fruits and nuts Garments and ornaments ° Parts of a house and building materials Things that are in a house H ‘Treos and vines a Medicinal herbs and drugs Animals : Birds and insects Gems and minerals The universe #7 = The earth x Water deposits and water-ways Public places and buildings in a country ‘Things and persons pertaining to a city Government = Litigation Vehicles é 3 Diseases and medical treatment, Stationery and printing ix‘Tools and implements Buildings and other things in a monastery Musical instruments Time Days and months Colours and tastes Measures and weights Numeral. Some adjectives Indeclinables and adverbs Some adverbial phrases, aa and ddressing forms Various verbs (together with p.ps and absolutives) . PART IT General conversation I... General conversation 1 Orders and advice oH Conversation with a school boy. Conversation between two farmers Conversation between two merchants About animals, birds, and insects About trees, fruits, flowers, ete About a dwelling house About a city Government affairs oe Patients and medical treatment. About Buddhist monasteries Conversation with a person come from Burma . About the sacred places in Ceylon” xi PART UL AIDS TO TRANSLATION ‘The blind who carried a lamp ‘The rich man and his poor brother ‘The beggar who pretended to be dumb How a lion was killed by a hare ‘The bad result of an untimely sotting off ‘Two otters who disputed over a fish The donkey in lion’s skin ‘How crows and owls became enemies The power of unity Cleverness of a blind man : ‘The tortoise who perished because of his own mouth : ‘The kind suffer through the wicked Comparison with the sun and the moon Prince Jimitavahiana Z Merchant Vitastadatta and his son Greatness of the Creator te How Kalidasa became a poot —. Robinson Crusoe and his attendant Pilgrim's dream Are the high-caste men compassionate ? Moderation in receiving alma Great influence of the virtuous ‘The rebellion of Brahman Tissa in Ceylon I The rebellion of Brahman Tissa IL ee ‘When the great devastation was over ‘The University of Takshasili ‘The University of Nalanda ‘The University of Odantapuri‘The University of Vikramasila ‘The University of Tashi-Lhunpo in Tibet Letter-writing ., nt fs VOCABULARY inglish a English-Pali sy AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION AND TRANSLATION PART I WORDS IN GROUPS 1. Some important pronominal terms, ete. A, An, oka, 3. Alt, sabba ; sakala, 3. Another, aiifia; apara, 3 Both, ubhaya, 3. Certain, afiiatara, 3. Bach other, afiiamatiian, Everybody, sabbe'va, Everyone, sabbe. He, 80. Her, (Aco.) ta. (Cen.) tassi, Him, tan His, tassa, J, shay. It, tay. Are, may, My, mama; mayhag, No one, na kovi, Other, the, itara, 3, 115008, Some, ekacea, 3, Somebody, koci Someone else, adiio koci. That man, eso, Phat woman, esa. That thing, etay These men, ime. These women, imi. These things, imani, Their, (m. nt.) tesay ; (f.) tAsay. Them, m. to; f. ta; nt. tani, This man, ayay. This woman, ayan. This thing, imag, iday Thee, tay ; tvay. Thine, tava; te; tuyhay. Those men, ete.; te.2 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Which, katara, 3 Who, ko? Whosoever, yo koci. Whom, kan ? Whose, kassa. You, tumhe. Your, tumhakay. Those women, eta; ta. Those things, et&ni Us, amhe. We, mayay. What, kin ? Whatsoever, yan kivci. General Note. Nouns in the following groups are shown with their nominative singular endings in order to help the student jn finding their respective genders. ‘The words ending in © are masculine ; most of those ending in d are feminine ; those ending with p are neuter. To find the gender of nouns that aro not included in these forms reference should be made to the vocabulary at the end of this book. ‘The adjectives are given in their stems, with the figure 3 after them, in order to indicate that they should be declined according to the gender, number and case of their substantives. 2, Human Beings. Manuss’. WORDS IN GROUPS Miser, luddho, macehati, Mistie, yout, m. Honk, muni, samano. Nun, samani, bhikkhunt, f. Nurse, dhiti, f. Old man, mahallak Old woman, mahal Prince, rajaputto. Princess, rajadhita. Queen, rajini, mahest, f. ‘Seroant, sevako Warrior, khattiyo. Widow, vidhava. Widower, matabhariyo. Wise man, pandito. Woman, ittht, vanita, nari Young man, taruno, yuva, m. Young woman, taruni, yuvati, f. Some adjectives pertaining to them. Bald, khallata, 3. Blind, andha, 3. — of one eye, kina, 3. Deaf, badhira, 3. Dumb, miiga, 3 Elderly, mahallaka, 3. Tnsone, wnmatta, 3. Lame, khaiija, 3. Poor, dalidda, 3 Rich, dhanayantu, 3. Squint eyed, valira, 3. 3. Persons according to their occup: ‘ions. Actor, nato. Artisan, sippi, m. Butcher, magaviko; pasug- hatako. Boy, dirako, kuméro. Brahman, Brahmano. Cripple, pithasapp, m. Dwarf, vimano. Enemy, ari, sapatto. Bunuch, pandako. Fool, balo, milho. Friend, mito. Girl, daika, kumexi. Hermit, tpaso. Infant, thanapo. King, raja, hipati, m. Lord, simi, adhipati, m. Low-caste man, candle. Maiden, yavati, taruni, f Man, puriso, manusso Master, simi, pabhii, m. Millionaire, setthi, m. Artist, cittakaro. Author, ganthakaro. Baker, pupakaro. Barber, nahipito. Blacksmith, kammaro. Charioteer, rathacariyo ; Book-binder, potthakasib- aed bako. Cheat, vafieako ; satho. Broker, kayavikkayiko. Chemist, rasayaniko. Caravan-leader, satthayaho. Carpenter, vaddhali, m. Carter, sikatiko.a) AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Clerk, lekhako. Compositor, vannayojako. Confectioner, pipiyo. Cook, siido. Cow-herd, gopalo. Cultivator, kassako. Dancer, nato ; nattako. Dealer in carpets, pavariko. Dealer in cloth, vatthiko. Dealer in furniture, dieu- bhandiko. Dealer in liquor, majjavik- Kayi. Dealer im medicine, osa- ahiko, Dealer in oil, teliko. Dealer in perfume, gandhiko. Dealer in swine, sikariko. Dealer in wood, katthiko, Driver, pajako. Drunkard, surisondo. Dyer, rafijako. Elephant-keeper, hatthigo- pako. Engineer, yantasippt, m. Parmer, kassako. Fisherman, kevatto. Fish-monger, macchiko Foreman, kammantana- yako. Fortune teller, ikihaniko. Fouler, sakuniko, Gambler, akkhadhutto, Gamester, jitakiro. Gardener, uyyanapilo. Garland-maker, mlakaro. Gate-heeper, dvarapalo. Goat-herd, ajapilo. Goldsmith, suvannakiro. Grass-dealer, tinahirako. Harlot, ganiké. Hircling, bhatako. Horse-heeper, assagopako, Hunter, vyadho ; Inddo. Tockey, assieariyo. Tuggler, indajaliko. Labourer, karnmakiro. Lawyer, nitivedi, m. Tatanist, veniko. ‘Mason, itthakavadghaki, m. Mathematician, ganako. Merchant, vai Messenger, diito; sisana- har Musician, vadako. Orator, kathiko. Painter, vannilepako. Pedlar, kaechaputo, Physician, vejjo. Player, kilako. Potter, kumbhakiro, Preacher, desako, Printer, muddapako. Publisher, pakasako, Rice-merchant, tanduliko. Scavenger, pukkuso, Sculptor, silavaddhakt, m, Shepherd, mendapalo. WORDS IN GROUPS ‘Shoe-maker, upahaniko. ‘Shopkeeper, ipaniko, Singer, gayako. Slave, (male) dso; (female) das. Stationer, lipibhandiko. Surveyor, bhimimanako ; rajjugahako. Tailor, turmavi Tanner, cammakiro. Teacher, aeariyo ; sikkchi- pako. Thief, coro. Prainer of horses, assada- mako. Turner, cundakaro. Warrior, yodho. Washerman, rajako ; dho- vako. Weaver, pesakaro. 4. Relations, Nataka. Aunt,(maternal uncle's wife), miituldng, f. (paternal uncle's wife), cullmata. Blood relation, silohito. Brother, bhita,m. —inlaw, silo, Child, drake. Cousin, (paternalaunt’sson), pituechputto, (maternal aunt's son), mitucchaputto. (paternal uncle’s son), cilapituputto. (maternal uncle's son), mitulapatto, Daughter, dhité. — in law, sunisa. Elder brother, jetthabhat — sister, jetthabhagini, 7. Father, pita, m. — in law, sasuro, Father's sister, pitucehé. Granilfather, ayyako ; pita. maho. Grand-mother, ayyik ‘tamahi, 7. Grandson, nati, m. Great grandfather, payyako. Great grandmother, payyiks. Great grandson, panatti, m. Husband, pati; bhatta, m. Husband's brother, devaro, Maternal uncle, mitulo. Mother, mati; amma, — in law, sassa, f. Mother's sister, matuecha.. Nephew, (sister's son), bhigineyyo. (brother's son), bhatuputto.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION ‘ece, (sister's daughter), Son, putto. — in law, ja- bhagineyya ; (brother mata, m. daughter), bhatudhita. ‘Wife, bhariys. Paternal uncle, cilapits, m. Younger brother, kanittha- Sister, bhagini, f. —in lao, bhit,m. —sister, kanit- nanandi. thabhagini, f. 5. Members, organs and component parts of the body. Saririvayava c’eva kotthisi. Abdomen, vatthi, nt, Elbow, kapparo. Ankle, gopphako. Hixcrement, vaccat). Anus, guday, Bye, akkhi; nayanay Arm, bali, Eyebrow, bhamukca. Armpit, kuecho. Eyelash, pakhuman, Artery, dhamani, f. Face, Ananay; vadanap. Back, pitthi, f. Fang, datha. Backbone, pitthikantako. Fat, medo. Belly, kucchi, mf. Female organ, yoni, f. Bile, pittan Pinger, aiguli, f. Tiitle—, Blood, lohitay ; rudhiray. kanitthanguli, f. Body, kayo ; sariray. Flank, passa. Bone, atthi, nt. Flesh, manson. Bowels, antay. Foot, pado. Brain, matthalufgan Forehead, alto; nalato. Breast, wo. — of awoman, Forefinger, tajjant, f. thano. Hand, hattho ; pani, m. Cheek, kapolo. Hair, kkeso. — on the body, Chin, cubukay, Jomay. Collar-bone, akkkhako. Head, sisay, Crown of the head, muddha, Heart, hadayay. ‘m. Heel, panhi, f. Ear, kanno ; sotay Hip, jaghanay ; kati. f. ‘WORDS IN GROUPS 7 Jono, hanulss. Kidney, vakkan Knee, janu, m. Knot of hair, dhammillo, Leg, pado. Lip, ottho ; dantavaranay Liver, yakanay, Lnings, papphasay, Lymph, vas. Marrow of the bone, atthi mmifja. Mesentery, antagunay, Moustache, dathika. Mouth, mukhay. Nail, nakho. Neck, give. Nerve, sirs. Nipple, ciieukap. Nose, nasi; ghanay. Outer skin, chavi, f. Palm, hatthatalay. Phlegm, sembaxy Pleura, kilomakay. Pupil of the eye, akkhi- tara, Pus, piyo. Rib, phaisuka, Saliva, helo. Semen virile, sukkan Shank, jangha. Shoulder, aysakiito, Sinew, nahara, m. ‘Skin, taco, ‘Skull, sisakapalo Snot, stighanika, Sole, padatalay, Spleen, pihakan, Stomach, udaray, Sweat, sedo. Synovial fluid, asia, Tear, assu, nt. Thigh, au, m. Thumb, aiguttho. Toe, pidanguli, f Tooth, dant Urine, muttay. 6. Victuals. Ahara. Barley, yavo. Bean, miso. Beef, gomansay. Beverage, pinay. Breat, godhumapipo. Butter, nonitay. — milk, takkay. Clarified ghaten. Cake, piivo ; pipo. Candy, khanido. Chillies, maricay.8 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Goffee, kaphi, f. Corn, ahasifian. Cummin seed, jirakan Curd, dadhi, nt. Curry, vyaiijanay. —stufs. ‘katukabhandan, Drink, panakay. Fat, vasa. Fish, macho. Dried — sukkhamaceho. Salted —, lonamaceho. Flour, pitthay. Fried — att, m. Food, bhojanay ; Bhar. Hard —, khidantyag Soft —, bhojaniyan, Garlic, lasonan. Ghee, ghatay. Gingilly, tilay. Grain, Ahaiiiiay Gram, canako. Green peas, muggo. Honey, madhu, nt. Fuggery, ule. Kernel, misja. Liquor, (distilled), ser’. (fermented), merayay, Meat, mansay. Dried vallira. Essence of maysaraso. Milk, khirap, Molasses, phanitay, Mustard, siddhattho. Mutton, elakamayeag. Oil, telan Onion, palandu, m. Paddy, vihi, m. Pepper, kolakay, Pork, sikaramaysay. Rice, tandulay. Boiled —, odano ; Dhattay. Rice-gruch, yagu, f. Salad, uttaribhatigo ; silavo. Salt, lavanay, lonay. Sesame, tilan ‘Sweetmeat, khajjakay. Syrup, pinay ; panakay. Tamarind, vitica. Tea, cabs. Treacle, phinitay. Turmeric, haliddi, f. Venison, migamansay. Vinegar, bilaigo. Wine, muddikasavo. Yam, kando; aluvo, Adjectives : Boiled, sedita. Cooked, pakka, pacita, Fried, bhajjita, Roasted, aigirapakka. WORDS IN GROUPS 7. Vegetables, Fruits and Nuts. Sak Phalaphalani ca. Ash-pumpkin, kumbhando, Mangosteen, madhutimbara, Banana, kadaliphalap, nt. Bitter gourd, karavello. Marmelo, beluvan. Bread-fruit, labujan, Nut, phalap, Brinjal, vatiigano. Orange, jambiray, Cabbage, golapattan, Palmyra nut, talephalan. Coconut, nalikeran. Papaw, vatakumbhaphalay. Cuewmber, kaka, f Pineapple, madhuketaki ; Dates, khajjiii, /. bahunettaphalay. Egg-freit, vatiigano, Pumpkin, yellow, pitakum- Fig, ndumbaray, bhando. Fruit, phalay. Radish, milako, Gourd, Wbu, nt. Snake —, Rhubarb, tambako. patolap. Rose-apple, jambii, f. Grape, muddika. Sugar-cane, uechu, nt. Horse-radish, siggu, nt Water melon, vallibho. Jujube, badaray. Wood-apple, kapitthan, Tak-fruit, panasay. Adjectives. Ladies-finger, Dhandaki, f. Fresh, abhinava. Lotus-root, mulilay, Ripe, pakka, Mango, ambay. Unripe, dake. 8. Garments and Ornaments. ‘Vatthabharanini. Bangle, valayan. —forarm, Calico, kappasikay. keyiiray. — for feet, n- Chaplet, sekharo. puro, Cloth, vatthay. —forbathing, Belt, kiyabandhanay udakasatiks. Fibre Blanket, kambslan, Khomay. Woollen —, Bracelet, valayay, katakay. _Kkambalay10 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Perfuming, vasanay, Pin, salaka. Rag, nantakay. Ring, aigulimudds. , Signet Collar, giveyyen Orest-gem, eilamani, m. Grown, Kiritay. Diadem, unhisay. Bar-ring, kundalay, —, muddilsa. Garland, mala. Sandals, upahanay. Garment, sitakay. Inner —, Scent, gandhasiro, antaravisako. Lower —, Shoe, pAduka. nivisanay. Upper—, Silk, koseyyay. uttariyan, uttarisango. Smoking pipe, dhitma Girdle, katibandhanan, nettay. of @ woman, mekhala. Soap, nahiniyay. Handkerchief, hatthapui- String of pearls, muttdvali, chanay. 2 f. Hat, nalivatto ; sisiveranag. Toilet powder, visacupnay, Hem (of garment), dasi. “Toilet bor, vasakarando. Jacket, kasicuko. ‘Towel, mukhapuiichanay, Necklace, haro; givabha- Turban, sisavethanay ranay: Umbrella, chattan Ointment, fragrant, vilepa- Veil, mukhivaranay, nag. Walking stick, kattara- Overcoat, Aighakaiicuko yatthi, f Perfume, sugendho, Watch, hordlocanay, 9g. Parts of a house and building materials. Gehanga, gehopakarandni ca. Bolt, aggalay, Brick, cayanitthaka, Coment, kalacunnay. Compound, aiiganay Dining-room, bhojanasila. Door, avaray. Barn, kotthay. Bathing closet, nahana- kotthako. Boum, tuld. Bedroom, sayanigharan, Boart, phalako. WORDS IN GROUPS Door-frame, dvarabaha. Rafter, gopinast, f. Dravwing-room, patikkama- Roof, chadanay. nay. Room, gabbho. Eaves, nimbay Sand, valuka, Garage, rathasila. Stable, assasala, Gate, dvarakotthako. Stair, sopino. Granary, kusilo Store, uddosito. Hall, Terrace, vedika. Hearth, uddhanan. Threshold, ummaro. re reas Timber, katthan; daru, nt. House, gharay, gchap. Top-plate, paklchapsso Inner room, ovarako. Piemeg tag peesdatalan Key, kuficika ; tiJo. —hole, Verandah, alindo. kuiicikavivaran. SEB Yael, I ia Wall-plate, sairghiyo. SF sotoansnay. Window, vatapanay. ’ nay. —shutter,kavatan. —with Hfortar, eayanilepo. a balcony, sihapaiijaro. Pillar, thambho. Women’s apartments, ittha- Pinnacle, Ki gray, orodho. 10, Things that are in a house. Gehabhangani. Ash, chai. Box, manjass. Basket, pitakay. Broom, sammajjani, f. Bag, pasibbak Brush, valandipako. Bed, maiico. — sheet, mafi- Carpet, kojavo. ‘eattharanay, Chair, pithan Bench, nisidanaphalako. Charcoal, aigaro. Betel server, tambilapel&. — Corn-measure, nil, f. Bottle, naika. Couch, pallaako.2 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Cup, casako. Desk, lelthanaphalako. Dish, thali, f. Easy chair, dsandi, f. Fire, aggi, m. Firebrand, alatay, Pire-place, widhanay, Firewood, daru, nt. indha- nay. Furniture, dévubhanday. Glass-botile, kicatumbo, Glassware, kicabhandan. Hand-basket, pacehi, f. Jar (big), araiijaro. Jug, Kandla. Enife, satthan, ehiaritc. Laiile, dabbi, f. Lamp, padipo. —wick,dipa- vatti, Leathern. bag, bhasta. Lid, pidhinag. —for a pot, sare Mat, kilaiio. Mirror, dso. Mortar, udukkhalo. Mosquito net, makasiva- ranay, Neeille, sici, m. Pestle, musalo. Pillow, bimbohanan. —case, cimilils. Plate (to eat from), kanso. batakay. Purse, pasibbako. Rattan chair, bhaddepithan. Rope, vain, f Scales, tala. Scissors, kattarilsa. Seat, asanap, Sewing machine, sibba- nayantay. Sieve, pitthactlikl. Spittoon, Ikhelamallako. Swpoon, katacchu, a. Stone to grind on, nisado. —togrind with, nisadapoto. Table, bhojanaphalako. ‘Thong, varatti, Thread, suttan ; tanta, m. Tray, kaysidharo. Vessel, bhajanay. Clay —, Amattikay. Brome —, kansabhajanay, Water-pot, ghato. Winnowing basket, suppo. 11. Trees and Vines. Rukkhalata. Areca palm, piizo. Bamboo, velu; venu, m Banyan, nigrodho. Bark, taco. WORDS IN GROUPS Bassia, madhuko. Betel vine, nagalats. Branch, sakha. Bud, makulay Bunch, mafijari, f. Cassia fistula, rajarakkho. Cedar, khadiro. Champac, campako. Cluster, thabako. Coconut palm, nalikero. Coral tree, kigsuko. Cotton plant, kappa Date patm, khajjart, f. Fig tree, udumbaro. Flower, pupphay ; kusu- map. Fork (of a tree), vitapo. Grape-vine, muddil Holy fig, assattho. Tronwood tree, nigarukkho. Joint, pabbay. Leaf, pattay ; pannay, Lotus, padumay. Mango tree, ambo. Marmetto, beluvo. Margosa, nimbo. Marshydate-palm, hintalo, Palmyra palm, talo. Pandanus, ketaki, m. Parasite plant, vandaka, Pericarp, kannilsi. Plant, gaceho ; latthi, f. Plantain tree, moco ; kada- litara, m. Red Totus, kokanaday. Reed, nalo. Root, malay, Rose-ap ple tree, jambu- rukkho. Sal tree, silo, Sandal rood, candanay Shrub, gumbo. Silk-cotion tree, simbali, m. Sprout, aakuro. Stale, vantay. Talipot palm, tal, f. ‘Tree, rukkho ; taru, m. Hollow of a —, kotaro. ‘Prampet-flower tree, pital Trunk, khandho, Pwig, pasdkhi. Vine, lata. Waterlily, uppalay, White —, kumuday, Wood-appile tree, kapittho. White lotus, pandarikay,AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION 12. Medicinal Herbs and Drugs. Bhesajjamuadini. Aloe wood, agara, m. Aloe perfoliata, amilito. Asafoetida, hin, nt. Asparagus, sativari, f. Babreng, vilavigan, Beeswax, madhusitthay. Baelliwm, gugguln, m. Camphor, kappiray. Cardamom, eli. China rose, jayasumanay. Citron, matulnngo, Obitoria, givikanns, f Cloves, lavarigan. Collyrium, aiijanay Coriander, dhaniyan, Ginger, siigiveran. Gum, nigyaso. Jasmine, jatisumans, Lead wort, aggisatitito, Liquorice, madhulatthike, Mace, jatikoso. Musk, katthirika. Myrobalana belerica ; vibhi- taki, f. —emblica, dmala- ki, f. Yellow — haritakt, f. Nutmeg, j6tiphalay, Orris root ; golon nightshade ; nidid- Resin, yakkhadhipo. Rock-salt, sindhavo. Sacrificial Grass, Kuso. Saffron, kwikuman. Sulphur, gandhakay. Swallow wort, akko. Thorn apple, ummatto. War, sitthakay. Yellow pigment, haritalay. 13. Animals. Beur, accho. Beast, pasu, m. — of prey, valo. — of burden, vaha- Kapasu. Bitch, sunakhi, f. Bos, ajagaro. Buffalo, mahiso. Calf, vaccho, potako. Camel, ottho. Tiracchana. Cat, bilalo. Cattle, 20, m. Chameleon, kakantako. Cobra, nago. Colt, kisoro, hayapoto. Cow, givi, f. Crab, kuliro, Deer, migo. (female — migi, f. WORDS IN GROUPS Dog, samakho. Donkey, gadrabho. Elephant, hatthi; kari, m. ‘She —, hatthini, 7. Bik, gokanno. Female of an animal, dhenu if Blying for, pakkhabitalo. Fox, siglo, Frog, mandiiko. Goat, elako ; ajo. Hare, sa80. Hide, cammay Hoof, hiro, Horn, singay. Hump, kaku, m. Hyena, tarnccho. Iguana, godhi Leopard, dipi, m. Lion, sthov Lioness, int, f Mare, valava. Mongoose, nakulo Monkey, vanaro, ‘Ox, gono. Pig, siikaro. Porcupine, sallo. Quadruped, catuppado. Ram, mendo. Beat, Biche, m. Rat-snake, gharasappo. Rhinoceros, khaggavisino, Scorpion, viechika Seryent, sappo ; ahi, m. Shark, makaro. Tiger, vyaggho. Tortoise, kumnmo. Turtle, kacchnpo. Viper, gonaso. Wolf, vako. 14. Birds:and Inseets, Pakkhino Khuddajantavo ca. Ant, pipilik ; kipillika. _ upacika. —Aill, vammiko. Bat, large, jatuka. Small —, vaggnli, f Beak, mulkhatundan. Beo, madhulkaro ; ali, m Blue jay, kiki, m. Bug, mankuno. Carpenter-bee, bhamaro. Centipede, satapadt, m. Cock, kukleuto, Crane, bako. Grest, sikh, Crow, kiko. She —, Curlew, koies,16 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Dove, kapoto. Drake, kidambo. Eagle, garulo. Egg, andan, Feather, patthay ; pelhunan, Flea, uppiitako, Fly, makkhika. Goose, ruddy, cakkavako, Grass-hopper, salabho. Gracula religiosia, salika, Hawk, seno, Hen, \ukkuti, f. (in com- mon), pakkhidhenu, f. Herd, yatho. Heron, kaiiko. House-lizard, gharagoliké, Indian cuckoo, kokilo. Locust, patango. Leech, jaliika. Louse, iki. Mosquito, makaso, Nest, kulavako, Osprey, kukkuho. Oul, ulako. Parrot, suko, suvo. Peacock, mayitro. —'s tail, darihay. Pheasant, vanakukkuto, Pigeon, pirivato. Raven, kakolo. Serpent's body, bhogo. — slough, nimmoko. — fang, sappadatha; asi, f Sparrow, citako. Spider, unnansbhi, m. ‘Swan, hayso. Venom, visan. Vulture, gijjho. Wing, pakkho. Worm, kimi, kito, 15. Gems and Minerals. Ratana-khanijani, Brass, vist, f. arakiito. Bronze, kanso. Cat's-eye, veluriyan. Copper, tambo. Coral, pavalan. Diamond, vajiran. Emerald, marakatey. Gem, mani, m Gold, swvannay. — bullion, hirafifiay. Tron, ayo ; kaléyasan. Lapis lazuli, nilaman Lead, tipu, nt. Pearl, mutts. Plumbago, abbhakay, Quicksilver, pirado. Ruby, lohitaiko, Sapphire, indanilo. Silver, rajatay. Topaz, phussarigo, WORDS IN GROUPS 16. The Universe. Lokadhatu. Cloud, valahako, Gold, sitay. Comet, Ahiimaket, m. Constellation, nakkhattay. Darkness, andhakiro, Dew, tuhinay. Eclipse of the moon, candag- gaho. — of the sun, suri- yaggaho. Fire, aggi, m. Hail-storm, karaki. Heat, uphay. Heawen, devaloko ; saggo. Hell, nivayo, Jee, himay. Light, aloko. Lightning, vijju, f. Meteor, ukkapato, Moon, cando. — beams, candika, Planet, gahatara, f Fain, megho; vassay. —bow, indadhana, nt, Rising of the moon, cando- dayo. — of the sun, suri- yodayo. Rotation, paribbhamanay. Shy, akaiso, nabhay. Snow, tuhinay. — storm, hi- mapato. Thunder, thanitay. — bolt, asani, f. Water, jalay ; udakay. Wind, vato ; vayu, m. World, loko, Zolliae, rasicakkay, 17. The Earth. Pathavi. Antarctic zone, Vinatako, Arctic zone, Karaviko, Cave, guna. City, nagaray ; puray. Continent, mahadipo. Country, ratthay. Desert, kantaro. ili, f. Empire, adhirajjan, Field, khettan. Forest, vanay ; arafiian Garden, dramo ; uyyinay. Gravel, sakkhara. Ground, Dhiimi, f. Island, dipo. Kingdom, rajjan. Land, thalay. Market town, nigamo. Mine, akaro, Metropolis, r8jadhani, f. agganagaray,18 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Mountain, pabbato. — peak, girisiharap. Mud, paiiko ; kalalay, North pole, Sudassano. North temperate zone, Tea- aharo. Path, maggo. Precipice, papiito. Province, padeso. Sub upapadeso. Rugged land, jabgato, Rock, selo. Sand, sikata ; valilca, Site for a building, ghara- vatthu. Soil, mattis, South pole, Assakanno, South temperate zone, Nemin- aharo. Stone, sila; pasino Stoamp, anupo. Tableland, sim, m. Valley, upaceal Vitlage, imo. 18, Water deposits and water-ways. Jalisaya jalamagga ca. Bank, kitlay ; tiray. Further —; paray. Negr —, orap. Bathing place, nahanatit- thay. Billow, kallolo. Boat, doni, f. nava, Ship's —, poto, Bubble, bubbulay. Conal, jalamatila. Canoe, khuddakadoni, f: Cascade, nijjharo. Captain ofa ship, niyamako. Conch, saniho. Cyclone, verambhavito. Engineer of a ship, yantiko. Drain, poxikha Favourable wind,, anukila- vate. Ferry, titthay, Fish, mino. —hook, balisay. — trap, kuminay. Flood, ogho. Great — ma hogho. Foam, phenan Lagoon, Joni. f. Lake, saro, taliko. Small — pallalay Lotus pond, ambujin, f Man-of-war, yuddhantva. Mast, kixpako. Merchant vessel, vinijanavi. WORDS IN GROUPS Net, jalan Salt water, khirodakay. Oar, arittay, Ship, nava. Ocean, samuddo, sagaro. Shore, vel. Opposite wind, viruddha~ Sluice, jalaniggamo. vito. ‘Stream, kunnadi. Oyster, sippika. Submarine, antodakaniva. Pilot, konnadhiro. Tonk, vapi, f. jalisayo. Pond, pokkharani, f. Torrent, jaladhara, Pool, sobbho. Rocky —, Vallisneria, sevilo. Voyage, samuddagamanay, Raft, ujumpo. Water drop, thevo. River, nadi, f. Mouth ofa—, Water-fall, nijjharo. nadimukhay. Wave, tuni, f. taraiigo, Rudder, gotaviso. Well, kapo. Sail, lakaro. Whirl pool, avatto. Sailor, niviko. Yotch, laksranaya. 19. Public places and buildings in a country. Mahdjanikatthinani. Bank, dhanigivay. Joil, bandhanagiray. Barber's shop, nahapitasala. Law court, vinicchayasals, Barrack, yodhanivaso. adhikaranatthinay Carpenter's shed, vaddhakt- Lunatic asylum, ummatti~ sala. layo. Cemetery, susinay. Market, apano. Church, devayatanay, Orchard, phalaramo. College, vijjalayo. Park, uyyanay Factory, kammantasila, Pharmacy, bhesajjagiran. Flower garden, puppharimo. Photographic studio, chiyi- Granary, dhaiiiiagaran. riipasila, Hospital, irogyasala. Playground, kelimandalay. Hotel, bhojan Pleasure garden, uyyanay.20 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION: Police station, bhatigivay. School, pathasAla. Post office, sandesigiray. Smithy, kammarasal Pottery, kumbhakarasal’. Surgery, sallakatt@layo. Printing office, muddahka- Tavern, pinamandiray. nilayo. Technical school, sipphyata- Prison, kara. nag, Race course, assamandalay. Temple, vihiiro, assamo. Railway station, dhimara- Thentre, naceastla. thanivattanay. University, nikhilavijjalayo. Rest house; vissitmasala Warehouse, bhandagaray. Sanatorium, sotthisal Weaving hall, pesakarasala. 20. Things and persons pertaining to a city. Nagarikavatthimi Puggala ca. Bastion, widapo Mayor, nagaraguttiko. Chosen beauty of town, Moat, digghika ; parikha. nagarasobhint, f. Municipality, nagarasabha. City gate, nagaradvaray. Member of « —, nagarasa- City wall, pakaro. bhiko. Citizen, nagariko. Museum, —abbhutavatthu- Clock tower, ghatikatham- _ nicayo. bho. Palace, rajamandiray Council chamber, mantisa- Royal bed, sirisay: pha. Royal chamber, sirigabbho. Crossing of roads, envoaran. Royal garden, rajuyyanay Customs office, karaggiha- Royal treasury, rajakoso, layo. Scavenger, nagarasodhako. Education office, ajjh&pana- Secretariat, mahilekhakala- kieealayo. yo. Gateway, bahidwaran, State elephant, maiygala- Inner city, antepuray. hatthi Light house, padipagaro. State chariot, rajaratho. WORDS IN State horse, mnahgalasso. ‘Street, vithi ; raccha. Town-hall, santhagaro. 21. Government, Ally, mittasena. Ammunition, yuddhopala- randni. Archer, dhanuddharo. Armour, kavaco ; sannaho. Armoured, sannaddha., p.p. Army, yaddhasen’, —con- sisting of elephants, hat- thisend. Hostile —, sattn- send, Array of troops, senavytho. Arrow, saro ; kando. Artillery, niliyantasens. Banner, patika. Battalion, anikay, Battle, yuddhay. —aze, ku- thiri, f. — field, yuddha- bhiimi, f. Bayonet, mahaichiirika. Body-guard, anikattho. Bowo, dan, nt. Caralry, assasend. Camp, khandhawaro. Cannon, mahiaggin’ Chamberlain, sivisayanapa- ako. Constable, rajabhato. GROUPS a War office, yuddha-kiecd- layo, Watch-tower, attalako. Rajjapilanan. Consul, rajanuyutto. Councillor, manti, m. Privy —, sacivo. Crown Prince, yuvariji, m. Dagger, chiirika. Defeat, pardjayo. Diswnion, bhedo. Embloms of Royalty, rajaka- keudhabhandini, nt. pl Enaperor, adhivaja,,m Empress, adhirajini, f. Enuoy, rajadiito, Pighting, yojjhanay General, senapati, m. Government Agent of « province, disipati, m. Governor of a province, mandalissaro. Handle of a sword, thara, m. Heal of the army, aggaseni- pati, m. Heail of the prisons, kara garapati, m. Head of the public works, kammikimaceo. Hero, viro ; mahiyodho. Infantry, paditi, m.2 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Killing, hananay. King, narapati, m. Kingdom, rajjan sword-bearer, asigedhako. Lori Chancellor, alkkhadas- simaceo. Minister, amaceo, —ofedu- cation, ajjhipandmaceo, —of hualth, sokhyamaceo, Navy, navikases Parasol, sotacchattan. Peace, simay. Prime minister, mahamacco. Punishment, dando; ké- rand. Queen, rajint, f. Quiver, sarakalapo. Rebel, dimariko. Retreat, paccosakkanay, Revenue, karo ; bali, m. Rifle, aggin: 22. Litigation. Abusing, alckosanay. Bail, pitibhogo Barrister at law, adhiniti- vedi, m. Be-heading, sisacchedo. (The) Bench, viniechaya- sanay. Coercion, balakkaro, Royal, rajal rajamudda, Secretary of State, mahi- lekhakamaceo. Sheath, kost, f. Sheriff, janapadabhojako, Shooting, vijjhanay. Siege, avavodhanay. Soldier, yuddhabhato. Spear, heti, f. Spy, carapuriso. String of « bow, jiya. Sword, khaggo ; asi, m. —sman, khaggadharo, Throne, sihasanay. Viceroy, uparaja, m. Victory, jayo. Violence, balakkaro, hatho. War, yuddhan. —ery, yud- dhaghoso. —chariot, yud- dharatho. Weapon, ayndhay. Adhikaranay. Command, ink. Complaint, codans. Condemned, vajjhappatta, 3. Confiscation, rijiyattaka- ranay. — of one's whole estate, sabbassaharanan.. Corporal punishment, kira na. WORDS IN GROUPS B Grime, aparddho. Litigant, attakaro. Culprit, aparddhi; sihasike, Magistrate, dhammadhikari, Dacoity, gamaghiato. m. Defendant, enditako. Murder, manussaghato. District Court, disidhikara- Petition, iyZcanapaynay. nay, Place of encoution, Aghata- Evidence, sakishi, nt. nap. Execution, vadho, ghatanay. Plaintiff, codako. Executioner, vadhako. Plunder, acchindanay, False witness, kiijasakkchiko. Police Court, upadisilhika- Highway robbery, viparamo- — ranay, 50, Prisoner, bandhanagiviko, Imprisonment, bandhanay ; Privy Council; r8jadhika- karépalckhipanay, ranap. Interpreter, Dhasinuvadako. Punishment, dando, yadho. Intimidation, paribhisanag. Supreme Court, setthidhi- Judge, anuvijjako, viniccha-~ ~ karanay. yamaceo. Theft, coriyan, theyyan, Judgement, vinicchayo. Trial, anuivijjanaiy Law Court, adhikaranasali. Wibiess, sakdkhiko. — box, Law suit, attan. ‘ sakkhipaljaro. Lawyer, nitivedi, m. Violence, sihasay. 23, Vehicles. Vahanani. Aeroplane, vyomayanay Charioteer, sirathi. Ale, akkkho, Driver, pajita, m. — of an Bridle, mukhadhanay. elephant, hatthiroho. Carriage, ratho. Elephant rug, hatthattharo, Cart, sakato. Hooktoquictan—,aiskeaso, Chariot, assaratho. — body, Pike toguidean —, tuttay, rathapaiijaro.—-rugrath-'rappings for an —, hat- attharo, — pole,dhuro, __thikappano,4 AIDS TO PALI Fender of a carriage, vart- tho. Fleet horse, javano. Horse of good breed, ajanty —bornin Sindh, Sindhavo. —rug,assattharo. —trap- ‘pings, assakappano. — shoe, Khurévaranay. Un- trained —, khaluiko. Well- trained —, vinitasso Linch pin, akkhaggakilo. Liter, sivika, Motor car, sayayvattako, — cydle, vijjueakkeyugay. Mule, assataro. 24. Diseases and Roga c'eva Ailment, ruja. — in ears, Kannarogo. — of joints, pabbavatabadho. Alealine solution, Ehavay, Anointing, sbbhaiijanay. Antidote, visaharanar Asthma, #850. Appendicitis, antaganthiki- hadho. Attendant to the sick, gilt nupatthako. Beneficial, sappiya, 8 Biliousness, pittabbhamo, Boil, gando. CONVERSATION Nave (of @ wheel), nabhi, f. Nose rope, kusi. Palanquin, dots. Push-eyele, cakkayugan. Railway train, dhitmaratho. Reins, ratharasmi, f. Rickshaw, hatthavattako, Kim (of a wheel), nemi, f. Saddle, assakaccha. State carriage, phussaratho. Tram car, vijjuratho. Wheel, cakkan, Whip, Kass. Yoke, yugay. medical treatment. patikara ca. Catarrh, piniso. Chemical compound, rasiy- anay. Cholera, visivoika, Colic, vatasiilan. Collyrium, rasaiijanay, Consumption, kaso. Cough, ukkasanan, Decoction, kaso. Diabetes, bahumuttarogo. Disease, rogo; vyadhi, m. Doctor, veijo ; Dhisakko. Dysentery, atisiro. Bilious —, lohitapakkhandika. WORDS IN GROUPS Blephantiasis, sipaday, Optician, akkhivejjo. Enteric fever, sannipatajaro. Patient, rogt; gildno. Epidemic, saikantikarogo. Paralysis, pakkehaghato. Epilepsy, apamaro. Physician, bhisakko, Excess of wind, vatakopo. Pharmacy, bhesajjigaro. Bye-disease, akkhirogo, Pill, guliki, vatils. Bineng, ponipehs Digave stiystakerone: Fever jararogo. Malarial—, “pyrative, virecanay visavatajaro : int ngs, Pamebot Besos sine cee rear yk Surgery, sallakattiyan. Hemorrhoids, lohitarisay, me | Hiccough, hikkkiro ‘Surgical operation, sallakam~ may. Indigestion, ajinnakon te Inflammation, diho. Sickness, gelaiifing. Influenza, semharogo ‘Sickroom, gilanasala. Smalt-pox, mastrikca. Insanity, ummado Tich, kacohu ; kanda, f ‘Steam bath, sedakammay ‘Swelling, sopho. Jaundice, pandurogo, Leprosy, kutthan, White —, Swoon, mucehi. saikhakutthay, Toothache, dantarogo. Medical treatment, tikicch&. Urinary disease, meho, Medicinal, osadhiya, 3. Venom, visan Medicine, bhesajjan Venereal disease, upadayso. Ointment, alepo. Vomiting, vamanay. 25. Stationery and Printing. Lipibhandani muddapanagi ca. Black-board, kilaphalako. Book, potthakay. Compilation, saiganhanan}; saikalanay.26 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Composing, vannayojana. Pen, lekhani, f. — nib, lek. Compositor, vannayojako. hanimukhay. — folder, Desk, lekhanaphalako. Iekhanidharo. Editing, ganthasodhana. Pencil, abbhakalekhani, 7 Envelope, sisanivoranay. _ Periosical, kalikasaiigaho, Fountain pen, nilalckhani, Poem, kabbap ; pajjay. f Printer, muddapako. Ink, lekhanakasato, Printing, muddépanan, Inkstand, kajjalidharo. —press, muddiyantay, Zetter, lekhanay ; sisanap. Proof, sodhyapannay, (of the alphubet) akkha- — — reader, vannasodhako, rap. Euler, ujurekhako, Line, panti ; vekhi Soribe, lokhako Metrical composition, pajja- Seal, mudda, bandho. Sealing war, jatu, nt. Vewspaper, pavattipattay. Signature, hatthalaiichanay, Note-paper, sisanapattay. _Slate,silapattharo. — pencil, Ola, talapannan. silalekhani, f. Page, pitthay Straight line, ‘ujurekhi., Paper, kikacapannay, Writing, Vkchusny ; lipi, 26. Tools and Implements. Ayudhopakaranani. Adze, visi, f. Chopping, tacchanay. Anvil, adhikarani, f. Crow-bar, khanitti, f. Aul, ara, Crucible, miss. Aae, pharasu, m, Cutting, chindanan, Bellows, goggari, f. Digging, khananay, Boring, vinivijjhanan, File, lohakhadako. Breaking, hindanay, Hammer, kittan, Carpenter's tine, kélasuttay. Iron chain, ayoddimo, Chisel, nikhadanan. Loom, vemo. WORDS IN GROUPS Mallet, katthahattho. Mammotty, knddilo. Mowing, layanay, Nail, ani, f. Pingo, kijo. —basket, sik. Pick-axo, aio. Pincers, sandaso. Plough, naigalan. — ing, Kasanay. — share, phalo. Pole of a —, naiigalisa. Plummet, olambako. Razer, Khuray, Sav, kakaoo. ‘Shutile, tasaro, Sickle, dattan. Sledge hammer, mahalkito. Splitting, phalanay ; vida~ ranap. Trowel, karavi, f. Vice, katthapilako. Weaving, vayanay. Whetstone, nikaso. Wimble, arahattho. 27. Buildings and other things in a monastery. Vihiraigi samanaparikkharani ca. Alms hall, danasala, Altar, pijisenay. Belfry, ghantitthambho, Ball, ghanta. Bo-tree, bodhirukkho Boul, patto. Buddhist monk, bhi, m. Chapter house, simagharay. Devotee, bhattima, m. Devotion, saddha. Doctrine, dhammo. Elderly monk, thero. Enlightened One, Buddho. Faithless, assaddha, 3. Image, patima. — house, patimagharay. Library, poithakiilayo. Monastery, viharo; &ramo. Monks quarters, pannastl. Missionary, dhammadiito Novice, simanero. Pagoda, cetiyay. Platform around a bo-tree, bodhiaiganay. —around «@ pagoda, cetiyanganan. Preacher, desako. Preaching, desani, — hall, dhammas Pulpit, dhammasanay. Relic casket, dhatukarando. Religious book, dhammapot- thako,28 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Water-strainer, povisstva- Yellow robe, olvaray ; kei nay) vay 28. Musical Instruments. Turiyabhangain Conch shelt, saaskho. Low tone, mandasaro. Cymbal, ghansn Iutanist, veniko. Dance, nacoay—ing, nace. Lule, vind. Belly of a —, nay. pokkharo. Bow of a —, Pru, bheci,f. — stick bhe- kono. Neck of a—, upavt ridando. Sounding ofa —, no. bherivadanay, Music, vaditay ; naccagitay, Fluie, dhamanavayso, — Musical note, saro. player, venudhamo, Musician, vadako. Harmony, lave. Tabor, mudiiigo ; murajo. High tone, tivo Trumpet, susiray, 29. Time. Kalabheda. Afternoon, aparanho. Forenoon, pubbanko. Afterwards, paceha. Fortnight, addhamiso ; pak- Always, sada; niceap, ind. Kho. Pawn, “aruno, arunodayo. Fullmoon day, pannarast,f. Pay, divaso. — after omor- Future, anigato, vow, parasuve, ind. — Hour, ghatiki, before yesterday, paxahiyo, Midday, majjhanho. ind, — time, divasakilo. Midnight, nisitho. One —, okadi, ind, Minute, muhutto ; khano, Early morning, pacciso. Month, miso. Fast day, uposatho. Morning, pabhato. Formerly, pubbe ; pura, ind. Moment, khano. WORDS IN GROUPS 2 Night, xatti, f. First watch of Summer, gimhéno. the—, pathamayamo. Last ime, kilo. Past —, atito. twatch —, pacchimayamo. Present —, paccuppanno. Middlewatch—majjhima-pyiay,ajja, nd. yamo. New moon day, amavasi, f Now, idani, ind. Rainy senson, vassino. Season, utu, m. f. Second, acchari, ray Spring, vasanto. Yesterday, hiyo , hiyyo. Tomorrow, suve, ind. Week, sattiho. Winter, hemanto. Year, sarado ; sanvacche- 30. Days and Months. Divasi Masa ca. April, cittamiso, May, vesikko. June, jetthamaso. July, dsalho. August, savano. September, potthapido October, assayujo. November, kattiko. December, migasiro. Sunday, raviviro. Monday, eandavaro. Tuesday, kujavaro. Wednesilay, budhavaro, Thursday, guruviro. Friday, sukkaviro, Saturday, sanivaro, January, phusso, February, magho. March, phagguno, Being lunar months, these do not fully coincide with the European months. 31, Colours and Tastes. Vanna c’eva Ras ca. Brown, piiyala, 3. Dark-brown, kanha-pita, 3. Green, harita, 3. Azure, mandanila, 3. Black, kala, 3. Blue, nila, 3.30 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION WORDS IN GROUPS Grey, dhiisara, 3. Yellowish white, panduvan: Light red, arona, 3. na, 3. Multi-colowred, kammisa, 8. Astringent, kasiiva, 3 Paficacattalisati Orange-coloured, pitaratta, 3. Bitter, titta, 3. chacattalisati Pink, patala, 3. Pungent, katuka, 3 tejasa ; terasa. eittecatta) iat, Red, vatta; lohita, 3. Salt, lavana, 3. enddasa ; catuddasa, = atthacattalisati Tawny, kapila, 3. Sour, ambila, 8. paficadasa; pannarasa. 49 = ektinapannasa. 43 = tecattalisatil catueattaiisati Yellow, pita, 3 Sweet, madhura, 3. 6 = solasa, (0 = pans’ ; panitssati These are in masculine when they become substan- sattarasa ; suttadasa. 51 — ekepannasa. tives. atthirasa ; atthidasa. Avepannasa, ekiinavisati, f tepannisé, visati. ceatupannas 32. Measures and Weights, Manatulanani. ekavisati. = paficapannasa. Measuring of Length. dvavisati ; bavisati. chapannds tevisati 57 = sattapannisa. 24 = catuvisati = atthapannies. 25 = paficavisati. = oktinasatthi 26 = chabbisati. = eatthi 27 = sattavisati okasatthi 28 = atthavisa = dvasatthi; dvisatthi. 29 = ekiinatinsati, = tesatthi; tisatthi. Measuring of Corn, 30 = tinsati, f. = ekiinasattati pasatas = 1 pattha, m. 4 donas = a manila 31 = ekatinsati. = sattat patthas =anili,f. 4 manikis = 1 kha, f. 32 = dvattipsati; battinsati. 71 = ekasattati najis =1dona,m, 10 kharis = 1 kumbha, m. 33 = tettigsati. dvisattati; dvisattati 2 kumbhas = 1 vaha, m. 34 = catuttinsati i; tisattati. 39 = paiicatinsati 36 = chattinsati 33. Numerals. Saikhya. Cardinals. 37 = sattatipsati. 1 = ckap. rete 38 = atthatinsat 2 iti; dviyAsiti. a) as: Oaths 39 = ekiinacattaisati = tensiti ; tiyasit 3 = tayo. 7 = satta. ieee 4 =cattiro. = atthe. 41 = ckacattalisati, 42 = dvicattilisati. grains = 1 Inch, angulay, inches = 1 Span, vidatehi,f. spans = 1 Cubit, ratanay ; hattho. cubits =1 Fathom, vyamo = dhanu, nt. fathoms ~ 1 League, koso ; yavutan, Leagues = 1 Yojana, yojanay.32 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION 92 = dvanavuti; dvinavuti, 93 = tenavuti ; tinavuti. channavuti 99 = ckiinasatag, 100 satay 600 = chasatay, = dvisahassay. 10,000 = dasusahassay, satasahassay ; lakkhay. 1,000,000 = dasalakkhag. Ordinals. First, pathama, 3 Second, dutiya, 3. Third, tatiya, 3. Fourth, catuttha, 3, Fifth, paticama, 3. Sixth, chattha, 3 ‘Seventh, sattama, 3. Eighth, atthama, 3 Ninth, navama, 3. Tenth, dasama, 3. Eleventh, ekadasama, 3. Twelfth, Aavadasama, 3. ‘Thirteenth, terasama, 3. Fourteenth, euddasama, 3, 10,000,000 = satalakkhap; 100,000,000 10,000,000,00 101 = ckadhikasatay. 108 = atthuttarasatay, 110 = dasuttarasatap. 150 = diyaddhasatan. 1,500 = paiicasntadhikasa- hassay or diyad- hasahassay, 250 = addhateyyasatay ; tiyaddhasntan, pido. addho. addhuddho. Kamasanikhya. Piftcenth, paficadasama, 3. Sixteenth, sojasama, 3. Seventeenth, sattarasama, 3, Highteenth, ntthivasama, 3 Nineteenth, oktinavisatima,3, Twentieth, visatima, 3. ‘Thirtieth, tiysatima, 3. Fortieth, cattalisatima, 3, Fiftieth, paivasatima, 3. Seventicth, sattatima, 3, Hightieth, asitima, 3, Ninetieth, navutima, 3. Hundredth, sotama, 3 WORDS IN GROUPS 34. Some Adjectives. Visesanani. Bad, asundara; abhaddaka. — smelling, duggandha, Belonged, ayatta. Beautiful, swndara ; suripa, Bent down, onata., Big, mahantea, Blunt, atikhina, Bold, nibbhay Brave, vira Bright, pabhassara; bhisura. Broad, vitthata. Charitable, aluddha. Cheerful, sumana. Circular, cakkikira. Clean, nimmala ; suddha, Close, samipa ; asanna. Coarse, kakkasa, Cold, sitala. Composed of mind, samihita. Concealed, gutta; paticchan- na, Covered, channa. Crooked, vaika ; kutila, Cruel, duttha; kurira. Deep, gambhira. Despised, nindita ; yambhi- ta. Dim, nippabha ; malina. Dirty, kilittha. Distant, diva. Distracted, asamihita, Dry, sukkha. Eqy-sha ped, andakcira. 11500—¢ Empty, tuceha, Eternal, sassatia. Boen, sama. Bacellent, panita; atisunda. ra; visittha, Exposed, vivata , anivata. Extreme, acoanta, Pair, sobhana. Famous, vissuta, Fat, thila, Few, katipaya, Fine, sukhuma, Foolish, dandha ; manda- uddhilea, Fortunate, dhaiiiia; subhaga. Friendly, aviruddha ; suha- da; anukila, Faull, puma; sampunna. Globular, golikara. Good, sundara; bhaddaka. Great, mahanta; uttama, Greedy, luddha: mahiccha. Gross, olatilka. Haggard, kis. Hanisome, suriipa, Heavy, bhariya. Hard, thadaha, High, wcca. Honest, avaiika ; uju. Hostile, viruddha. Hot, unha. Ignoble, adhama ; Immovable, acala ; thavara.34 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Impermanent, anicea. Kind, karanika, Lazy, alas. Less, tna. Light, sallabuka. Little, khuddalea ; paritta. Long, digha ; aiyata. Loose, sithila. Low, nica. Many, babuka. Mean, hina, Moderate, majjhima ; mat- taf, More, adhika. Movable, jangama; cala; pirihariya. Much, pahiita. New, abhinava, Noble, pavara; uttama. Octagonal, atthapsika, One's own, sake; sakiya. Old, purana. (in years) mahallaka. Opened, vivata ; anavate. Other, para ; para. Permanent, nica ; thavara. Praised, abhitthuta Pure, parisnddha. Respected, manita ; bahu- mata. Rotten, pittika. Round, vattula ; vatta. Sad, dummana. Semi-cireular, addhacakka- kara. Shallow, uttina Sharp, tilehina, Short, rassa. ‘Skilful, patu ; dakkha. Small, khuddaka. Smooth, siniddha ; mattha, Soft, wmdn. Square, caturasso, Straight, uju. Sublime, sukhuma. ‘Sweet,madhura. — smelling, sugandha. Thick, ghana. Thin, tann. ‘mid, bhivuka. Triangular, tikonaka, Ugly, virdpa ; asobhana Unelean, malina ; asnddha. Uneven, visama. Unknown, apikata ; apan- fata, Unfortunate, dukkhita bhagyahina. Unfriendly, duhada ; virud- dha, Virduows, susila. Vicious, dussila. Well-known, vissuta ; supi- kata. Weighty, bhariya ; garukca. WORDS IN GROUPS Wet, tinta ; alla. Wounded, vanita. Wise, pafihavantu. Young, bala : taruna. 35. Indeclinables and Adverbs. Nipata. Above, upari ; uddhay Certainly, addha ; ve; haves Across, tivo; tiriyan. kamay, jatu. After (that), paceha; atha. Constantly, abhinhay, a long time, cirena, Basteards, purattha. Again, puna. —and again, Hither—or, vii; athavi ; punappunay udahu. Alll around, simantato. Hise, api ca. Almost, manay; kevala- Elsewhere, aiifinttha. Kappan. Enough, alan, Also, api; capi. Ever, sada; sabbada, Although, tatha. pi. Everywhere, sabbattha. Always, satatay ; sada, Breactly, yathatathan, And, ca; api. Brcepl, vina. As, yathi—tathi. Par less, kimaiga. As far as, yiva—tava, Frequently, abhikkchanan, As follows, seyyathiclan, From afar, dirato. Aside, ekamantay. Prom here, ito At first, tava; pathamay, Prom there, tato. Because, yato ; yasma From where, kuto tasmi, Gratis, mudha. Before (in front), purato. Hastily, sahasd. (formerly), pur, pubbe. Hence, ito; etto. — forth, long, aciray. — hand, ito pabhuti. pageva; patigacc'eva, Here, idha; atra; ettha; iha. Behind, pacchato. How, kathay ? Below, adho ; hettha. However, yathi kathafici Bebween, antara. How such, kittakay ; kiva. But, tatha pi. If, sauce ; yadi.36 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Tn, ato. Indeed, khan. Instantly, sajju. Isnot, nanu? Just, ova Justas, yatha-r-ive. Like, viya; iva. Likewise, tath’eva, More ani more, bhiyo. Mostly, yebhuyyena. Namely, seyyathidan, Never, na, kadai. No, na; no. — where, na kvaci. (Do) not, ma. Often, abhinhay, Once, sakiy. Oneself, sayay ; simay, Or, udibu ; atha va. Outside, babi. Otherwise, afinatha. Perhaps, appeva. Properly, sammad’eva, Bather, kifica. Rightly, sami. Secretly, rah, Seldom, kadai karahaci, Shorily, aciray. Silenily, tuphi. Slowly, sanikan So, tatha, So far, tavata. So long, ta ‘80 long as, yava kivan, ‘Soon, khippay ; sighan ; asa ; tuvatan, Strictly, dathan Surely, avassan ; ekantena, Then, tada. ‘Thence, tato. There, tattha ; tatra; tahig. Therefore, tasma ; tena. Through, antarena. Tightly, galhan Together, okajjhay. — with sah’eva, Until, yava — tava. Upon, upari. Very muck, ativiya; ativa. Wel-nigh, manan, What, kin ¢ What if, yan nina. When, ada. ? Whence, kuto, Whenever, yada. Where, kuhiy ; kutra ? Wherever, yattha katthaci Wherefore, yasma. Whether, kacci, Why, kasma ? With, saha ; saddhin. Without, vind; thapetva. Wrongly, miccha. Yes, ma; evay. WORDS IN GROUPS 36. Some adverbial phrases, interjections and addressing forms, Ab! Alas tha; aho. Anyhow, yena kenaci aki- By how much, kittivata. By this much, ettavata, For a long time, civiya, Hail, jayatw | In many places, bahuttha Tn one place, ekattha, Tnone way, ekadha. In two ways, dvidha. Tn three ways, tidha. In four ways, catudha, In five ways, paticadha, In sizc ways, chadha. In seven ways, sattadha. Ineight ways, atthadha, In nine ways, navadha. Tn ten ways, dasadha, In hundred ways, satadha, In many ways, bahudha, In how many ways, katidha, In every way, sabbaths, In both ways, ubhayatha, In another way, aiifiatha, In the other way, itaratha, In another place, aiiiattha, In both places, ubhayattha. In another day, aittiada, In the presence of, sammu- kha, In the absence of, param. mukha, Look here, iigha. Methinks, mate. Mydear,bho ; ambho; avuso, samma,; marisa, Zev. Sir, bhante; bhadunte. Sir, aye; sami ‘Shame, dhi! dhivatthu ! Twice, Avikkhattup. Thrice, tiklchattap, Four times, catukkhattuy, Five times, paiicakichattug Siz times, chaklchattup, Ten times, dasakkhateup, Twenty times, visatilekhat- tu. Hundred times, satakkhat- tu. Thousand times, sahassak- Khattuy. Many times, bahukkhattuy, How many times, katiklchat- tay 2 My Lord, deva, Well done, sadhu ! sadhu | What efse, ation kin ?38 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION WORDS IN GROUPS 37. Various Verbs. Nanakhyatapada. Present 1st Sing, Past Participle Absolutive Present Ist Sing. Past Partioiple — Absolutive Blows (wind), viyati —vayita (with mouth) dha- mati dhanta, dhamitva, Breaks, Dhindati bhinna bhindiya, bhafijati —Bhagga bhaiijiya, Abuses, akkosati akkuttha akkositva, Ails, rnjati = rujitva. Anoints, aiijati afijita afijitva. Appears, paliiayati —pafitata paninayitva. ae ae pats Ascends, irubati arilha aruyha, Brings up, poseti posita, posta, Assembles, sannipatati sannipatita _sannipatita hes uiien ae ies: Associates, sovati sevita sevitva Burns, vi.dayhati daddha dayhitva. Dhajati —_hajita bhajitva. vat erin aside aogee Attempts, ussahati ussahitwa, Buys, kinati ita kinitva, Auwakes, pabujjhati —_pabuddha pabujjhit Carries, harati hate haritva. Awakens, pabodheti _pabodhita pabodhetva Ceases, nivattati nivattita nivattiya Balances, tuleti ‘lita tuletva. nirujjhati niruddha Bathes, nahayati nahite nahayitva. Collects, ocinatit ocita ocinitva, Bears, vahati vahita, vilha vahitva. upacingit upacita upacinivya, Beats, paharati pahata paharitwa Combines, sanyojeti —_sanyutta sagyojetva. Becomes, bhavati bhita Dhavitva Comes, Agnechati Agata Agusta. hati = hutva, ~ gamma, Becomes exiablished, Comes in, pavisati _pavittha pavisitva, patitthati patitthita patitthaya. Comes into existence, Becomes full, ipiwati puna Apariya, uppajjati uppanna uppaijitva. Becomes purified, vie Comes out, nikkchamati nikkkhanta nikkkhamma, sujjhati visuddha visujjhitva. Composes, racayati —_racita racayitva. Begs, yioati yacita yacitva. Conceals, gopeti_ gutta gopetva Begins, arabhati Graddha drabbha Paticchadeti paticchanna paticchadiya, a = meauliies Concentrates, samida- Bit tae a = oS hati samihite samidahit Believes, saddahati _saddahita saddahitva, Covers, chadeti channa chidetva, vissaeati -_-vissattha vissasitva. a3 chidita chidiya, Binds, bandhett tadihe eae Creates, mapeti mipita mapetva, gene dasitva. nimminati _nimmita nimminitva. Bites, dasati dat¢ha, d Pee z Ee40 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION WORDS IN GROUPS Present 1st Sing. Past Participle — Absolutive Present 1st Sing. Past Participle — Absolutive Crosses (a stream), Enters, pavisati pavittha sitvi eat fend ae Establishes, vt. patit- Oures, tikicchati tikicchita tikicchiya. thapeti patitthapita patitthipiya. Outs, chindati chinna, chinditva. vi. patitthati patitthita patitthaya, Dances, naccati naceitwa. Exists, pavattati pavatta, pavat- Decides, niechoti nicchita niechiya, it pavattetva. Decorates, mandeti _—_mandita mandetva Falls, patati patita patibya, alaikeroti alaikata alankaritva. Fears, bhayati bhita, bhayitva, Peete cel pardjite parajiya. Peels, vedeti vedita vediyitva. Deprives of, voropeti _-voropita ‘voropiya. Fights, yujjhati yujjhita Descends, oruhsti oriiha oruhitvé Fills, vt, pireti pirita, oa = ornyha. Vi, piirati punna piritva. Disease mata a Flees, palivyati palita pallyitvs. Digests, jireti jinna, fret. Flies, wddeti uddita uddiyitva. Digs, khanati Khata eet Floats, v.i. vuyhati ——viilha vuyhitva. Disappears, antara- upplavati upplavita upplavitva. ahayati antarahi antaradhayitva vt. pliveti _plivita Plavetvi Diep iene Sree! Flows, paggharati —_paggharita frp Divides, bhajeti bhajite bhijetva. sandati sandita sanditva, vibhajati _vibhatta vibhajiya., Folds, sagharati saghata sagharitva, Does, karoti kata, kata, kavitva, Follows, anugacchati —anugata anugantva. Drags, akaddhati akaddhita akaddhit Porbears, sahati sahita shitve Dries, v.t. sukkhipeti sulkkhapita sulkkhapetva. adhivaseti adhiviisita adhivisetva. vai. sussati sukkha sussitva. Forgets, pamussati __pamuttha, Pamussitva, Drinkeraivedt pita pivibva. Forgives, khamati chant Khamitva. Duells, vasati vuttha vasitva. Forsakes, cajati catta cajit Dwindles, parihayati —_parihina parihayitva. pajahati pajahita pahdya, Eats, bhutijati bhutta, Dhuiijiya. pajahiya, asnati asita jahati jahita, jahit ase, an aditva. Gets, labhati laddha luddha, labhit- Emerges from water, va. uttarati uttinna, uttaritva, adhigacchati _adhigata adhigantva, Enshrines, nidahati —_nidahita, nihita nidahitva, Gives, dadati, deti dina datva, daditva.42 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION WORDS IN GROUPS Present 1st Sing. Past Participle — Absolutive Present 1st Sing. Past Participle — Absolutive Gives in charge, ee Tudges, tivoti trite tirety: niyyadeti i niyyadetva. viniccheti viniechita Viniechiya. Goes, gacchati panies Jumps, pakkhandati —_pakkhanta pakkhanditwa, yati ai Keeps, thapoti thapita thapetva, Goes ashore, paray fei, Kills, mareti marita mirotva, gacehati paraligata plraiigantva, ghateti ghatita ghatetva. tarati tinna, taritva. hanati hata hantva. Goes out, nikhamati — nikkhanta nikkhamma. Kinultes, jale jalita, jlletva. Governs, anupileti _anupilita anupaletwa, onde ganic aatthity, paar Grows, vi. vaddhati —vuddha vaddhitva. Knows, janati fata, fatwa. vet. vaddheti _vaddhita vaddhetwa. Laments, vilapati S vilapitva. Grows up, rihati rife rahitya. Laughs, hasati hatha hasitva, Hangs, v.i. olambati —_olagga olambitwa, Lays aside, nikkipati _nikkhitta nikkhipitva, vit. olambeti —olambita olambetva. Segdst nee che aeeaiaiee! Happens, sijjhati siddha = Learns, ugganhiiti uggahita, Hears, sunati, sunoti Lifts up, weckreti ucearite Heats, tapeti it tapetva. ‘i ukkhipati ukkhitta ukkhipitva. Honours, pijeti,mi- _piijita, anita pijetva, —mi- Lives, jivati = jivitwa, a Looks, passati digtha Passitva. Identifies, sontiveti _santirita santiretva. ‘olokad Bee rere Tibwninates, obbiseti — obhisita - Manifests, patubhavati pitubhite pitubhavitya, joteti jotita apie Measures, minat mita minitya, Tmitates, anukaroti ——_anukata anukaritva Moves, calati calita calitva. Imprisons, rodhe rodhita rodhiya. Nurses, dpadeti Apadita Spadetva. Interprets, anuvadeti anuvidita anuvadetva. Observes, rakkhati _rakkhita rakkhiya, Interrogates, puechati puttha, puechita pucchitvi, Patipajjati —patipanna patipaiiitys. anuvijjati anuvijjite Bp ture: Obtains, adhigaechati adhigata adhigantyi Interrupls, upacchin- Opens, vivarati vivata vivaritva, dati upacchinna upacchijja. Oppresses, pileti pilita piletva, Is, bhavati bhiita bhavitva. Originates, uppadeti —_uppadita uppadetva, atthi & EF nibbatteti nibbattita nibbattetva. Is able, sakkoti sakkunitva. Perishes, vinassati _yinattha vinassitva, sutva, sunita,4 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION WORDS IN GROUPS Present 1st Sing. Past Participle Adsolutive pe resen Let Sg Past Participle Absolutive Plays, kilati = kilitwa, ramati rata ramitva, Pleases, tnssati, tuttha Ploughs, kasati Pounds, kotteti i Praises, abhitthavati abhitthaviya. Preaches, deseti desetvi. Prepares, sajjeti sojjita sajjetva. Prints, muddeti mnddita muddotva. Promises, Sa a erie: weg aaa il Peciepeat, 4. seein ale ey Shoots, vijjhati viddha, vijjhitva. . Shows, dasseti dassita dassetwa, Prevents, nivireti nivarita | na ; Shuts, pidahati pihita pidahitva. oti s visudhety ; Purifies, visodhet visodhita visudhet ag ee ath we sampasac sampasidita sampasidiya. Fit a ogee. ee Sinks, vi nimujjati image nimjitva. Pushes away, panudati panudita panuditva Shes ee a Bains, vassati vattha vassitva. elect meas = sayitva. Ines it . niddayati = niddayitva rises, utthapet utthapita, utthapetva. ee, n d Jai weet ae Leal Smells, ghayati ghayita ghayitva toil ae anh ee ‘Sows, kakacena chin- Regains, patilabhati —patiladdha patilabhitva, See Gan Sa Remembers, anussarati anussarita anussaritva. DeNCS, VO RaIEE Sean Me sesibd rte Resolves, adhitthat adhitthita adhitthaya. Spreads, vi. pattharati patthata pattharitva. Picket aa ae vt. vitthareti vitthata vittharetva. Sa ae as. Springs up, ubbhijjati ubbhinna ubbhiija. Bescter Bere Sedna Steals, coreti corita coretva, ses, ubthati hay. F : oe ce aoe theneti thonita thenetva, Bans, dhbyat = dhaviva Stace vktetd | © viknis vikiera ‘Says, vadati Bree ae Strings, avunati avuta, Avunitva bhasati bhasita Dhasitwa, ke eens pee ee katheti kathita kathetva. eitlOwS |e a gilitva. Secks, gavesati gavesita gavesitva, pariyesati pariyesita pariyestya. Sees, passat dittha passitva, disva, Sells, vilkinati vikkita vilkinitwa. Sends, peseti pesita pesetvi. Sets fire, jhipeti jhapita jhapetva. Beus, sibbati sibbita sibbetva. Shakes, kampoti kampita, Kampotva. edleti calita cdiletva. Shines, vivocati virocita, virocitva.46 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Present Ist Sing. Past Participle Absolutive PART I Sweeps, sammajjati sammattha _sammajjitva. Swoons, muechati _—_-muechita mueehitva Takes, ads dina Adaya, adiyitva. aes gehita mein: 1. General Conversation I. ganhiya, Sétharana-sallipo. Takes down, otireti _otirita otaretva, See oropeti oropita oropiya. fay Panga juabetd Pees ad rere parila I know » little. Teaches, ugeanhipeti ugganhépita _ugganhapetvs Roe eae suschipeti —siktkhapita sikhapetva. Ahan thokay j 2 Thinks, cintoti aes anise Are you able to convarse in Pali? Tireatens, tajjoti tajjite Sakkosi tvay palibhisiya sallapituy ? Phrows, Khipati Khitta i Yes, I am able to converse a little, Touches, phusati phuttha i Ama, ahap thokeg sallapituy salkkomi. Trains, sikkhapeti __sikkkhApita sikkhapiya. What is your name t dameti damita damiya, hay nimay kiy? Kin ndmo'si ? Translates, parivatteti parivattita _parivattetva, My name da Wijepabedia Trembles, kampati _kampita kampitva ‘Alan Vijay sbatinendtnatds Turns, vattoti vattita vattotva. Where do you live? Understands, bujjhati buddha buijjhitv: Tat eeeeden Unfolds, pasireti ——_pasiita pasitiya, Vomits, vamati vamita vamitva Waits for, Sgameti = agamotvs. Walks, carati = caritva. Wanders, ahindati = ahinditva. Washes, dhovati dhota dhovitva. . My age is fifteen. Wenrs om, nivaseti _nivattha nivisetva, Mayahay dyuppaminay panparasa. Weaves, vinati vita vinitva. . How old are you? Wins, jinati jita jini Kativasso’si tvag (&yund) # Wishes, icchati ichita icchiya. eet eri Wraps, vetheti vethita vothetva. Ahag_ visativasso'mhi, Writes, Vikhati Tikhita likhitva. 4a Yokes, yojeti yutta yojetvi, yojiya. T live in Colombo. Ahan Kolambanagare vasin What is your age ? ‘Tuyhay Aymppamanay kittakey ?1B. 1, 1b AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Where do your parents live ? ‘Tuyhay matapitaro kuhiy vasanti ? ‘They too live in Colombo now. To piidini Kolambanagare yeva, vasanti Do you have brothers and sisters too ? Tuyhay bhatu-bhaginiyo pi santi ? ‘Yes, I have four brothers and two sisters, Ama, mayhay cattdro bhétaro dve bhagin sant What do your brothers do? Tava bhitaro kip karonti ¢ One of them is a merchant, the second one is a clerk, and the other two still attend schools. Tesu eko vanijo, ditiyo lekhako, dve tava patha- salisu ugganhanti ‘What do you like to be (or do) ? ‘Tvay kin kammay kitum icchasi? Tlike to become a carpenter (or an architect). Aham ecko vaddhaki bhavitum iechimi When did you come here ? Kada tvay idh’agato'si | I came here yesterday. Hiyotham idh’agacchin General Conversation IT. Who are you? Ko’si_tvan ? T am a way-farer Aham eko pathiko. Where do you come from ? Kuto tvam agacchasi ¢ GENERAL CONVERSATION T come from India, Abhay Indudesato agacchami For what purpose have you come ? Tvay kin katum agato'si ? I want to sell some goods. Ahay bhandani vikkinitum icchami, Why did you come here ? Kasina idh’agato’si ! T came here to talk to you. ‘TayS saddhiy sallapituy agato'mhi. Who (or what) is your father ? Ko tuyhap pita ? My father is the merchant Mahandma, ‘Mama pitd Mahanamo vanijo, Who is your friend or acquaintance here ? Ko idha tava mitto va sandittho va? The mayor of this city is « friend of mine. Tdha nagaraguttiko mayhan mitto hoti Where do you work % Kattha tvay kammen karosi ? I work in a post-office Aham ekasmip sisandgire kammay keromi, Where do you go from here ? Ito tvay kuhiy gacchasi ? will go to another town from here. Aham ito afifiay nagaran gamissimi, Do you like this place ? Piydyasi tvam idan thinay ? T may like this place if it is not too hot. Piyayeyyam iday thinay sace’day naccunhag Dhaveyya.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION ‘When will you go home? ‘Kada tvay sakatthanay gamissasi ? I will go home when I get enough money. Yada pahonskay miley labhissdmi, tada’hay gamissami. ‘How much money have you now with you? ‘Kittakay mdlay ‘dani tava santike atthi? Thave fourteen rupees and fifty cents, Caddasa ropiyani addhardy santi 3. Orders and Advice. Ring the bell. Ghanthay vadehi Bring my wateh here. ‘Mama hordlocanan idh’ahara. Call that man here ‘Tay purisny idha pakkosahi Wash your feet. Tnyhay pide dhovali Do not go in the sun Atape ma gacchahi. ‘Do not drink intoxicants, ‘Majjay ma piva. Fold my silk dress. ‘Mama, koseyyacehddanay sapharahi. Give this beggar some rice Tmassa ylcakassa thokag tandulay dehi. Send that boy to fetch a pen. Lekhaniy anetuy tay darakay pesehi. CONVERSATION WITH A SCHOOL-BOY 51 Be always obediont to your parents. Sadi matapitunnay vaconakari bhavatha, Do not ridicule elders. Ma vuddhanay parihason karotha, Never tell lies ‘Ma kadaci pi musa bhanatha. Do not kill living beings. ‘MA jivino jivitd. voropetha. Pay respect to all religious teachers. Sabbesay samaninay géravay karotha, Keep company with virtuous friends. Kalyanamitte sevatha. Do not keep company with friends who have fallen into vieo. P&pamitte ma bhajatha, Do not steal even a needle that helongs to others. ‘MA parasantakan sicimattam pi thenetha. Do not tease animals, ‘Tiracchanagate ma hiysatha. Do not try to find others’ faults. ‘MB paresay chiddani gavesatha, Find out your own faults and avoid them. Attano vajjani gavesotva tani pajahatha, 4, Conversation with a school-boy. Why did you not come yesterday ! or why were you absent yesterday ? ‘Kasma tvay hiyo n’igato’si ? Yesterday I wont with my father to a funeral. Hiyo’hay pitard saddhi matakatthinan again,AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Where are your books and writing materials ? Kuhip tava potthaka Iekhanabhandani a ? T came here having left them on the desk in the school ‘Tan’hay silabbhantare lekhanaphalake thapetva dgato’mhi. Why do you come late today # Kasma tvam ajja cirayitva agacchasi ! Boing unable to cross the bridge as it was broken down T am late, Antardmagge setuno bhinnatta taritum asakkonto cirayin. What did that boy say to you ? So darako tuyhay kin kathesi ? He said that he could not buy the necessary books as he had no money. Nimmilatté icchite potthake kinituy nasakkhi 1 50 vadi, Why did he send for you ? Kasma 50 tay pakkosi ? ‘He has sent for me because he wished to get a book from me. Mama santiki ekay potthakan laddhum iechanto 80 may pakkosi How many books did you buy ? Kati potthaka kita taya ¢ I bought four books. May cattiro potthaki kita. How much did you pay for them ? Tesam atthiya kittakay milan dinnay taya ? T gave eight rupees and twenty-five cents Attha ripiyani paficavisati-satabhige ca aham CONVERSATION WITH A SCHOOL-BOY 53 Can you run quickly ? Sekkosi tvay sighay dhavituy ? Tam not able to run very fast. Aham atisighay dhavituy na sakkomi, Was it done by him in your presence ? Katam iday tena tuyhap sammukhe ! No ; it-was done by him in the presence of two other students. Na; afifiesay dvinnay sissinay santike ten'etay ‘katay, If it is so, how do you know this ? Yadi evan, kathan tvam idan janisi ? They told me that he did so. So tatha kart ti te man vadinsu, When will your father retmmn t Tuyhay pita kada paceigamiasati ? He will return from there day after tomorrow. Parasave 80 tato Agamiscati Did you tear the leaves of this book ! ‘Pvay imassa potthakassa pattini délesi nu? I did not ; I was writing my copy. Na, ahay lipiparicaye akkharéni likhanto nisfdiy. Do you write with steel nibs ? Ayalekhanimukhehi nu tumhe likhatha ? We write with quill pens. ‘Maya pattandjalekhanthi likhama, ‘What did your teacher teach you yesterday ? Kip tumhakam deariyo hiyo uggaphipesi ! ‘He taught us the geography of India, So’'mhakay Bharata-bhimivittharay uggaphapesi.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION As my slate is broken I shall buy another to morrow. Mama silipattharassa binnatti suvebham affian ‘Kipissami, Did he give you that book ? So tap potthakay tuyhay adasi nu? No ; it was given by him to his sister, Na; tena so attano bhaginiya dino. Teannot give you the book, for it is not mine, Mama aniyattatté tay potthakan tuyhay datuy na salkkomi, Having been expelled from the school the boy returned home. Pathasilsya nikkaddhito so sisso attano imap ‘paceligamas If you wish to be successful in the future, learn while you are young, Anagate abhivuddhim pattum iechanta daharakale sippuggahanay karotha. 5. Conversation between two farmers. Good morning ! Suppabhitay ! It is good of you to have come here Sundarap taya katan idh’égacchantena, T hoped that you would come as T was anxious to meet you. Ahap tayé samigantum jechanto tav‘igamenay paceisipsanto vasip CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO FARMERS 55 4. Why did you not come here for a long time ? (Why have you been away so long ?) Kasma tvay cirdya idha n’agato ‘si ? Teould not go anywhere for about a month as I was in. Gelafifien’abhibhiito'hay ckamasamattay katthact pi gantuy nasakkhin, ‘Was your harvest frnitful ? Tava sassan nipphannay va no vi? My crop was destroyed by an excess of water only a small quantity is left unharmed. Adhikajalona. mama sassa vinassi; thokam eva avasitthay ahosi, What about your own crop ? Ka bhavato sasse pavatti ¢ At first, some cattle broke the fence and ate the young plants, and then the remainder died of drought. Pathamay gavo vatin bhinditva tarunasassay Khadinsu, athavasitthan anodakena miliyi If it is so, how will you feed your family Yajjevay, kathay tvay attano kutumbay poseti) sakkosi ? I will earn my livelihood by selling pot-herbs, brinjals, pumpkins, ete, Ahay sikapannini bhandaki-kumbhandadini ea vikkinitva jivikay kappessimi, Are there many orange trees in your garden ? Santi tav'uyyane babii jambirarukkha ? ‘There are twenty trees in my garden. Visati rukkhi mam’uyyane ropita honti.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION How many fruits do you gather from those trees in one crop? Bkasmin vare tehi kittakini phalini ocinist ? T get about 2,000 fruits in one crop. ‘Ekasmin phalavare dvisahassamatténi phalini labhami. When do you wish to plough your field ? Kada tava khettay kasitum iechasi ? I will plough it when T get oxen and ploughs. Yada gone ca nangaléni ca labhissami tada’hap kasissaimi, How many mowers do you need in reaping ? ‘Liyane kittaka liyaka icchitabba ‘Ten reapers with ten seythes will be able to reap my harvest. Dasa Miyaki dasahi dattchi mama sassap Myituy sakkchissanti, Having heaped them on the threshing floor how many oxen do you need for threshing ! Khale rastkatva katihi gonehi maddapessasi ? Having got them threshed by eight oxen and having removed straw and. chaff, I will bring home the grain after getting it dried. Atthahi gonchi maddapetva palalay uddharitva, Dhusay papphotetva sukkh&petv ca dhati geham Anessami, Conversation between two merchants. Welcome (to you)! Please sit down here. Svigatay bhavato! Nisidah’imasmiy sane. How are you getting on? Katha tava sarirappavatti ? CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO MERCHANTS 57 3 ‘Thank you; I am quite well ‘Thuti atthn ; aham accantanirogi viharimi. ‘Ave your wife and children well and happy ? ‘Tava putta-dara pi nirogi sukhino ? Yes, they too are in good health and contented. Evan, te pi appabadha c’eva santutthd ca. How much did you gain this month by selling your goods ? Imasmin mise bhandavikkayena kittako labho laddho bhavat ? ‘There was no gain but only loss as T had to sell my goods at less than the cost price. Kitamilato pi tnamflena vikkinitatt’ mayhay hani yeva ahosi na vaddh What goods did you buy from Persia ! Parasikza-desnto Kani bhanddni tayd kitani? T went there with a caravan and brought many carpets with the aid of camels, Ahan satthena tattha gantva bahini enagghe- Kojavani ofthesu aropetva Snesin. ‘At what price do you want to sell your carpets ? Ekay kojavay kittakena milena vikkinitum iechasi? T will sell them at double the cost price. Ritamulato digunena milena vikkinissimi. T have heard that a merchant-vessel arrived in the harbour yesterday. Hki vanijaniva hiyo pattanam Agati ti sutam maya. ‘Yes, I went to the harbour and gave some money in advance to buy goods from there. Evay, ahay nivatitthay gantva tato bhanday gahetuy saccakaray adasin.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION ‘Tomorrow I will have them brought to my shop in ten carts, Suve ahay dasahi sakatehi tani bhandani mama apanay aharapessimi. Tam inclined to buy the whole lot. Ahap sabbay bhandarasin kinitum icchdmi, A hundred mangoes could be had for rupee. Satay ambaphaléni ekena ripiyena ketuy sakks. How much did you pay for this blanket ? Etassa kembalass'atthdya kittakan tay’ dinnap ? T gave ten rupees and fifty cents. Ahap dasa ripiyéni pannasa-satabhage ca adisin. 7. About Animals, Birds and Insects. ‘Dogs watch over their masters’ houses at night. Sunakha rattiyay attano simikinan gehini rakkhant. People catch elephants and bring them from forests, tame them and got their work done by them, Manussd arafifiato hatthi bandhitva anetva dametva, attinag kiecdni karapenti. Horses, harnessed to the carriages, run with them through the strects Rathesu yojiti asi te akaddhanta visikhasu dhivanti. The donkey is able to bear (or carry) « heayy burden. Hadrabho bahuy bharay vahituy sakkoti, ABOUT ANIMALS, BIRDS AND INSECTS 59 Camels, loaded with many goods, are able to go through the desert where there is no water. O¢tha bahini bhandani adaya niradakakantare gantuy samattha honti. Having climbed the tree, the monkey destroyed the nests of the birds. Vanaro rukkhay druhitva pakkhinay kulivake vindsesi. ‘The cat chased a squirrel to the foot of the tree. Billo kalandakay ganhituy rukkhamilay dhavi ‘Hunters hunt deer and bring their flesh to be sold. in the town, Vyadha mige vijjhitva mapsay vikkipituy nagaray ‘Sharanti. ‘While eating grass, the hare saw a man and ran away frightened. Tina khadanto saso ekay manussay disvi bhito palayi The cow likes to allow her calf to suck, and does not wish to be milked by others. Gavi sakan vacchay payetum icchati, na pan’ ailfiehi khirassa duhanan, People take the honey by force which is made with much difficulty by the bees, with the pollen gathered from flowers. Madhikarehi puppharenavo haritvi kiechei kata madhup manussi balakkirena ganhanti The parrot pierced the mango with its beak and sucked its juice. Suvo mulhatundena ambaphalay vijjhitva tassa rasa pivi.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION White ants bring a small quantity of earth at a time and gradually build a big ant-hill Upacika thoke-thokap mattikay dnotva annkka. mena mahantay vammikay karonti Mosquitoes worry people by biting them and sucking their blood. Makasi manusse dasitva lohitay pivanta te pilenti. In order to catch insects the spider spreads the web- made by itself Unnanabhi Khuddajantayo gahetup attana katay Jilay pattharati. Ants prepare their homes by digging the earth Pipiliki bhimin khanitva tdsey vasanatthinay patiyadenti, Attracted by the glare grasshoppers fly into the fire and die there. Salabha aggip disva tassa vapnena mohita tattha patitva maranti, ‘The pigeons sat on the roof of the house and cooed, Pardvaté gehassa chadane nisiditva ravinsu. Many crows flew up and perched on the branches. Bahii Kika akisay pakkhanditva rukkhasilhas niliyigsn (atha va nisidinsu). ‘Hawke kill small birds and eat them. Sena khuddaka-pakkhino maretvé khddanti. ‘There are ten swans and twenty cranes in that lake, ‘Tasmig taldke dasa haysa visati baka ca santi, Buffaloes like to wallow in the muddy water, Mahisé sapaike jale nimujjitum icchanti. Snakes devour rats, but they (the snakes) are killed by the mungooses, Sapp undiire gilanti; tatha pi te nakulehi mariyanti. ABOUT TREES, FRUITS, FLOWERS, ETC. 61 ‘The venom of the scorpion is in its tail, but serpents. have their venom at the root of their fangs. Viechikanay visa naigutthe hoti, sappinam pana. ‘visay dathamille, ‘Musk is obtained from a certain kind of deer which live in the Himalayan regions. KatthOriks Himavante vasantiya ckaya migajatiys labbhati, 8. About Trees, Fruits, Flowers, etc. ‘There are many hundred thousands of coconut: trees in Ceylon. Laikéyan aneka-sotasahassasankha najikerarukkha sagviijanti. Some people plait coconut leaves and thatch their houses with them. kaoce tesay pattani vayetva tchi gehdni chidenti.. ‘They draw the sap from the flowers and make intoxicants out of it. Tesay pupphehi rasan gahetva majjdni sampadenti. They condense the sap by heating it with fire and make treacle and juggery with it. Puppharasay aggina tipetva ghanan katva phani- tap gulafi ca sampadenti. ‘They obtain milk and oil from (the kernel of) the nuts, Phalehi khiray telafi ca Inbhanti, ‘The water in the young coconut is sweet and cool. Taruna-ndlikerdinay jalay madhurafi o'eva sitalat ca,AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION The boys brought down unripe mangoes by throwing sticks at them. Diraki dandani khipitva (or dandehi paharitva) Amani ambani patesuy. Jak-fruit, bread-fruit and bananas are found in tropical. countries Panasani labujani kadaliphalini ca unhadhika- rajthesu sambhavanti. Grapes and apples grow in countries where there is ‘@ mild climate. Muddika mahabadari ca sama-situnhesa desesu jayanti ‘Nutmeg and mace are found in the same fruit. Jatiphala-jatikoss ckasmin yeya phale sambhu- vanti, Of all kinds of sandal wood the red is the most valuable. Candanesu rattacandanay mahagghataman, Cardamoms are a kind of small seeds which have a pungent taste. Dla ti eka katukarasi: khuddaka-bijajati. ‘The jujubes of Ceylon are smaller than those of India. Lankfya badardni Jambudipe badarehi khuddaka- tardni honti. The father brought grapes and oranges, and divided them among his sons and daughters, Pita muddikani jambirani ca Gharitva attano putta-dhitarinay bhajetva adasi. ‘Dates are imported to Ceylon from foreign countries. Mahakhajjuriphalani videsehi Lankay ahariyanti. ABOUT TREES, FRUITS, FLOWERS, ETC. 63 ‘The boys bought some ripe marmelos and gave them to their sisters Daraké pakkani beluvani kinitva tesay bhagininay adaysu. Prince Siddhartha was born under a sal treo; he became a Buddha at the foot of a bo-tree. Siddhatthakumiro sMlarukkhamile jAto, assattha- rukkhamile Buddho bhavi. Bring cucumbers and snake-gourds from the market and prepare curries (with them). Apanato kakkariphalini patolani ca ahavitva vyailjandni sampadehi, Champac flowers have an agreeable smell, but the flowers of pentapetes phoonices are without uny smell Campakapupphani manufifiagandhani honti ; jaya sumanapupphini niggandhani The timber of the ironwood tree is very hard, its flowers are exceedingly sweet-soented Nagarukkhassa aru atithaddhan, _pupphani atisayena sugandhani. ‘The varana tree looks like a dead tree when its Jeaves have fallen, Varanarukkho pattinay galitakile sukkharakkho viya patiayati. Betel and arecanuts, constantly used for chewing by the Indians, are unknown in Enropean countries, Jambudipikehi mukhavdsatthaya niccasevitini tambilni pugani ca Yuropiyaratthesu anfstani,AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION 9. About a Dwelling House. Open the door and the windows of my room. Mama gabbhe dvara-vitapanani vivarahi ‘The daughter locked the door, and taking the key with her went to the well for a bath Dhité dviray pidehitva kufcikam fdiya nahs- natthiya kitpam agamasi. Every morning the slave-women sweep the com- pounds and remove the dirt. Diisiyo sabbadi pito gehaigandni sammajjitvs kacavaray apanenti. Standing on the threshold of the kitchen, the mistress of the house called the cook. Gharanf rasavatiya ummire thatvi siiday amantesi, She asked him to prepare mutton for breakfast. Patarasatthiya elakamansan pacahi ti si tay vadi ‘Dhe servant covered the table with a cloth and set plates and spoons on it. Sevako bhojanaphalakay attharitva tattha kapse ca katacchii ca thapesi ‘The masters of the houso with their relations sat on chairs placed around the table to eat their food. Gharasémiké attano AAtihi saddhin bhuiijanatthiya Dhojanaphalakassa samanta pithest n: Do you like yams ? ‘Tvan kande bhufijitum iechasi ¢ No, I like curd, Na, ahay dadhiy bhufjitum iechimi. The children shouted ‘ we like to drink milk’ “Mayay Khiray pivitum iechima ‘ti dataka unnadiyen. ABOUT A DWELLING HOUSE 65 One person said that the taste of the mutton-curry was not palatable. ‘Mapsavyafjanassa raso na sundaro ti ko vadi, Bring me some salt and fresh butter quickly. Thokay lavanap nonitai ca sigham sharahi. ‘The slave women put the paddy into the mortar, pound it with pestles and remove the husk. Dasiyo vihi udukkhale pakkhipitva musalehi koffetva tace apanenti. ‘The girl put rice into a pot, placed it upon the fire and kindled the fire. Darika cdtiyay tandule pakkhipitva uddhanam Aropetva agin jalesi. ‘The maiden will scrape the coconut with a scraper and extract the juice by squeezing it. ‘Taruni sanhakaraniya nalikeramifijay sanhay katwa madditva: rasan gavhissati. ‘The master told the attendant to spread a bedsheet on the bed and put some pillows on it. Mafice attharanam attharitva bimbohandni thapebt ti simiko upai{hikum aha. Having done so, he spread a mat before the bed and put a carpet upon the mat. So tatha katva maficassa purato kilaijay pattha- ritva tass'ipari ekay kojavam pi atthari. ‘The householder said that the furniture in the house should be taken out and cleaned. Gehe darubhandani bahi niharitva. sodhetabbani ti guhapati avadi, ‘He bought bricks, tiles and timber in order to build, & new house. So navay gehay karetun giffjak& ca chadanitthakd. ca dirusiréni ca Kini. 11500—DAIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION ‘Mfsons raised the walls, and carpenters did ‘the wood-work, so that the building was soon completed. i Ttthakavaddhalino bhittiyo cinanti, daruvaddha- kino darukammay karonté sigham eva gehay nitthipesup, 10. About a Gity. Cities generally have ramparts, moats, gates and, watch-towers. ‘Nagarani pana bahuso pikira-parikha-gopuratta- Iehi yuttani honti. In thom are many streets and lanes, gardens and, houses of many descriptions, ‘Tesu bahii khnddaka-mahanta vithiyo, uyyandni ngndvidhagharani ca santi. The streets of a city are crowded with horses, carriages, carts and pedestrians. ‘Nagaravithiyo assehi rathehi sakatehi pathikehi ca, akinna honti, When the (horse) races are held rich and poor assemble in large numbers at the racecourse, Assadhivane vattamane bahavo dhanavanta niddhand ca assamandale samosaranti. In the evenings drunkards get together at taverns, and drink intoxicants, Surdsonda sdyanhesu pinamandiresu sannipatitv majjan pivanti The municipal authorities get water from distant, places to fill the reservoirs and distribute water ‘among the citizens through pipes. ABOUT A CITY or Nagarapalaka dirajthdnato uday anetva jalasaye Piretva ndlamaggehi nigoxikénan udakay bha- jenti. Tn cities there are prisons surrounded with massive walls, Nagaresu mahantehi pakarehi parikkhitta bandha- nigaré santi. Tonight they will drive in a carriage to the theatre and watch the performance, Te aja rattiyay assarathena naccasilay gantvs naceay olokessanti. In the evenings the sons and daughters of the rich, accompanied by their friends, walk in the parks. Dhanavantinay putta-dhitaro sayaphesu attano attano sabiyehi saddhin uyyanesu ahindanti. Those who come from foreign countries invariably visit the museum. Poradesehi Agacchants ekantena kutthalasilan Passituy geochanti, Travelling by tram-car the compositor arrived at the printing office Vannayojako vijjurathena gantvi: muddafikandla- yay sampapuni, More than twenty thousand people come by train to Anurddhapura on Poson fullmoon-days. Jetthapunnamiyay visatisahassidhika ~manussd, dhimarathehi Anuridhapuran agacchanti, The king's palace and the palatial buildings of ‘the ministers are situated in the heart of the city. Ratio ceva, rajamaccanaii ca pisida nagarassa majjhabhage patitthita,AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION Sentinels shut the city-gates at night and take their stand on the watch-towers. Rattiyay magaradvarani thaketva arakkhaka ajfilesu titthanti. When people die within the city their relations carry the corpses to a cemetery and either cremate or bury them Antonagare manusiesu mates tesay _fittaks matasarirani susinay netva jhapenti pi, (bhi- miyam) nikhonanti pi. Scavengers and potters live in the suburbs outside the city. i Nagarasodhaké kumbhakarddayo ca nagarato babi upanagaresa vasanti. During the night the streets of the cities are illuminated with electric lights or some other kind of lights. Rattiyan nagaravithiyo vijjuppadipadihi alokita, honti. Our mayor will go round the city at about four o'clock this evening, Ambhakan nagaraguitiko aja catughatikayay nagaran padakkhipay karissati On Monday, the king accompanied by a large retinue and the harem will visit the pleasure garden outside the city. Raja mahata parivarena orodhona ea. sha canda- vire nagarato uyyanay gamissati. Ts is rumoured that a prisoner had murdered the jailor by striking him with a cudgel. Eko vajjhappatto karapalakay muggarena paha- ritva maresi ti siyate. GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS 11. Government Affairs, 1. The king’s orders should not be violated. Rajiinay ApS na atikkamitabba. 2. ‘Those who break the law receive various punish- ments. ‘Ye rajanay atikkamanti to nandkrehi dandanag Iabhanti In olden days, soldiers, wearing defensive armour and carrying shields and other weapons, fought with swords, javelins, bows and so forth, Pubbe pana yodhé sannahasannaddha phalakavu- dhohattha, asi-sattidhanuadihi yujjhinsu. Now they mostly fight with fire-arms. Idani te bahuso aggippaharanchi ynjjhanti, ‘The armies of the kings of old consisted of four divisions, namely : war elephants, cavalry, war- chariots, and infantry. Porinarajdinay yuddhasend hatthi-assa-rathapatti- vasena caturafgini ahosi At present, artillery has taken the place of war elephants. Imasmip kile hatthise titthati Having built fortresses at many places in Ceylon, King Dutthagamini fought against the Tamils. Dutthagimini maharaji Lavikayay nanathanesu Ehandhavare bandhitvs. Damilehi y A rebel named Tiya, having collected an army with the wealth plundered from the shrines, made havoc in Ceylon. Tiyo néima damariko cetiyani bhinditv’. dhanay gahetva senay sagharitva Leikayan mahantay vilopam akasi. thane niliyantasen’70 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION 9, ‘Two thousand, two hundred years ago an emperor called Dharmisoka ruled India. Tto dvisatadhikinay dvinnay _vassasahassinay upari Dhammasoko nama rajadhiraja Jam- budipay palesi. 10. At present King Edward VIII is the Emperor of India, Idani atthama-Edward nimo adhiraja Jambudipe adhirajjan kireti 11. The ministers sit in the council-chamber to discuss the affairs of government. Amacck mantisabhiya’ sannipatitva rajjakieeini mantayanti. 12. The general led his army to the battle-field. Camipati attano senfya yuddhabhimin agaméai. 13. The allied army retreated to their own quarters when the hostile army advanced. Yada sattusena abbhuyyasi tad mittasen’ sakan Khandhiviray paceuyyasi. 14. King Prasenajit defeated the army of Ajatasattn, the king of Magadha, and captured him alive. Raja Pasenadi Magadharafiio Ajatasattuno senan parajetva tay jivagahan ganhi, 15. A battle-ship earrying a large number of mariners from China, reached Colombo harbour while sailing westwards. ka yuddhanava Cinaratthato baht navikayodhe gahetva pacchimadisay gacchanti Kolambatitt- hay ppuni, 16. The envoys who started from Japan on the second day after the new moon of tho month of Citra (April) reached Siam on the 14th of the same fortnight. GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS 7 ‘Tapan-desato Cittamasassa sukkapakkhe dutiyayan nikkhantié rdjadita tasimiy yeva pakkhe cBtuddasiyay Syamaratthay —sampapunigsu Once an insane woman attempted to murder tho premier of Italy. ‘Ekadi. eka ummattiki Italiratthe mahamaccan maretum ussahi, ‘The constables chased after a culprit for about a league in order to catch him. Rajabhaté ekay sthasiken gahetuy kosamattay anubandhinsu, Village headmen often take bribes ; they oppress the weak and help the rowdies, Gamabhojaki bahuso lafichay ganhantd dubbale pilenti, eandinap anubalay denti The judge reprehended the mudaliyar who brought # false charge against a villager. Viniechayamacco ckasmin gamike kitattakirakan janapadabhojakay tajjesi. When a governor visits a certain place, the inhabitaxits there put up pandals, ete. to receive him, Mandalissare yay kifici padesay gacchante tap- Padesavisino toranidsyo ussipetva tay sam- paticchanti, Before the great war the spies of the German Emperor wero in all parts of the world, Mahfsangamato pubbe German-adhiraiifio cara purist sabbaratthesu vasipsu. ‘Tho son of the king's religious adviser married the daughter of the Secretary of State Purohitassa putto mahilekhakassa dhitar’ vivahay Kari.AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION ‘The throne and the crown of the Sinhalese, which were carried to England more than a century ago were recently brought back by a prince. Sihaliney sthésanag kiritah ca ito satavassi- dhikakalato pubbe Afgalaratthay nitdni ekena rijakumirena puna idh’éniténi honti. During the great war, while sailing from sea to sea, a man-of-war named Emden sank a great number of trading vessels. Mahahave vattamane Hmden-nim& eka yuddhs- niva samuddes caranti bah vanijanavayo osidapesi. "Phe crown-prinee took steamer at Colombo and arrived in London after a twenty days’ voyage, ‘Yuvaraji Kolambatitthe nivay abhiruhitva visa tidinehi samuddan taritva London-nagarey sampApuni ‘On Wednesday evening, the king with his ministers will go to see an array of troops. Raja amacechi parivuto budhavdrassa siyanhe sendvytthan passituy gamissati Some Chinese air-men flying in aeroplanes destroyed many Japanese war-planes by dropping bombs on them. Ekacco Cinabhati vyomayanchi gantvi gulap- paharanani patetva Japanratthikénay vyoma- yanani vinasesuy. Modern warriors are able to destroy many lives by spreading poisonous gases. Vattamanika yodha visadhiimani vissajjetva bahini jiviténi vindsctuy sakkonti. PATIENTS AND MEDICAL TREATMENT 73 30. The victorious army takes possession of the ammunition, horses, ete. of the defeated army, Jayaggihika send pardjitaya senaya yuddho- pakaranani assidayo ca attano santake karonti 12. Patients and Medical Treatment. 1, Physicians cure patients in various ways, Vejj& ninakarehi rogino tikicchanti, 2. Some patients do not like to take decoctions, kacee rogino kasayani pivituy na iechanti. 3. For such persons they prepare medicines which have a good taste. ‘Tidisinam atthiya te madhurini bhesajjani sampadenti. 4. Cholera, smallpox and plague are infectious and dangerous diseases. Visiicik, mastiiki, ahivatakarogo ca satkama- maki bhayanakaroga. 5. Most of those who are attacked with these diseases snecumb to them ; only a few survive. Imehi rogehi phutthi bahuso maranti, appaks yeva jivitay labhanti, 6. A man who was wounded in a scuffle was carried by his relations to the hospital, Ekasmig kalahe Iaddhappahéro manusso tassa Aatthi cotthisélay nito hot 7. A surgeon cured him by operating on his wounds. Sallakatto satthakammay katva tay purisay tikicehi,AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION ‘Nurses watehed by his bed day and night. Sappayakérika (upatthayik&) rattindivay tassa maficdsanne thatva tay rakkhinsu. ‘The doctor asked them to bring clitoria, orris root and liquorice to make a decoction. Kasiyay pacitun girikanniy golomiy yatthi- madhukaii ea dnehi ti vejjo vadi. He gave an ointment to be applied to his wound. So tassa vanan alimpituy ekay alepan adasi. Many people die of consumption. ‘Kisarogena bahit manus maranti. Tomorrow morning the surgeon will operate on his boil. Sallavejjo suve pito tassa gandan phiilessati: ‘Many Indians apply collyrium to their eyes. Baha Jambudipiki attano akkhini afijanena afjanti. ‘They prepare medicinal oils too for various ailments. Te nanaroginam atthiya bakiini bhesajjatelini pi sampiidenti. ‘Many diseases disappear through fasting at their ‘commencement. Rogirambhe anasanena baht rogi: vigacchanti. Fasting is very effective in the case of those who suffer from (any kind of) fever. Jararog’bhibhiitinay anasanay ativiya soppayay hott, Many people become victims to diseases by keeping their bodies and garments dirty and by living in insanitary places. Kilittha-gatta-vatthatéya aparisuddhafthanavaise- na ca bahavo jand rogapilita: bhavanti PATIENTS AND MEDICAL TREATMENT 75 Cleaning of the inner body also should be done now and then through vomiting and purging. Kalena kflay uddhavirecana-adhovirecanchi satirabbhantaram pi sodhetuy vattati. Paralysis is considered incurable or very difficult to be cured, Pakkhaghatarogo pana atekiccho vi duttikiocho Vi ti sallakkhito, He has recently recovered from an attack of dysentery. So atisérarogato aciravutthito hoti. You will not get over your illness for at least a month. Antamaso misamattam pi onotikkamityé tvay gelaiiii na vutthahiseasi Tt is still doubtful whether his sister will recover from that illness or not. Tassa bhagini tamha rogi vutthahissati vi no vi ti sageayo vattate. Attending on the sick is highly praised by our + Blessed One. Gilanupatthanam pana amhakay Bhgavaté atisa- yena pasatthan, Once the Blessed One Himself attended on a sick monk. kadai Bhagava sayam eva ekan gilénabhikkhup upatthahi. Some kings of old erected hospitals not only for men but also for beasts. Ekacce pordnakarajano tiracchininam pi atthiya sotthisalayo kirdpesup, kim aga pana manussi- nam atthaya,76 AIDS TO PALI CONVERSATION 26, In some countries even now patients get food, @rinks, medicine, ete. at government expense, Tdani pi ekaccesu ratthesu rogino rajakosato anna- Pana-bhesajjidini nimmtilena labhanti 13. About Buddhist Monasteries. 1. In former days there were thousands of monasteries in Tndia, such as Jetavana and Veluvana, each containing several hundreds of monks. Puré Jambudipe anckabhikkhusatikinn’ Jetavana- Veluvanidayo vihdrasahassini ahesuy. 2. At present all the olden monasteries in mid-India are in ruins, and even the sight of a Buddhist monk is rare. dani pana Majjhimadese sabbe pordnakavihir’, nattha, bhikkhiinay dassanam pi dullabhan jatap, 8. Now there are many thousands of anonasteries and a great number of monks in Burma and Siam which lie to the east of Tndia, in Ceylon to the south of it, and in China and Japan to the north-east of it. Jambudipassa, puratthimato Maramma-Syamarat- thes ca, dakkhinato Lankadipe ca, puratthi- muttarato Cina-Japan-ratthesn ca idani aneka- sahassa vihird baht bhikkhavo ca santi. 4. In olden days there were no pagodas and image- houses within the monasteries; even now in Siam and Burma they are mostly separated from the monasteries. ABOUT BUDDHIST MONASTERIES 7 Purd safigharimesu cotiya-patimaghara nahesup ; idani pi Sy&ma-Marammaratthesu saighiréma bahuso tebi visu yeva honti In Ceylon each monastery possesses a pagoda, an image-house, a bo-tree and a preaching hall. Sthaladipe pan'idéni ekekasmiy saigharame ekekan cetiyay, patimagharan, ekeko bodhirukkho, ekekd dhammasala ca vijjati. The residence of the monks is called a ‘ vihara’. Bhikkhinay vasigdro viharo nima. ‘The image-house is where there are dnages of the Buddha and the chief disciples, and paintings depicting the life of the Buddha. Buddha-mahasivake-patimidayo patitthapetva. katay Buddhacarita-patisanyutta-cittakamma- yutay patimagharan ti vuceati. A pagoda or dagoba is a conical structure, made of stone, brick, etc., enshrining some relics of the Buddha, Sarfradhatuadayo nidahitva thipakirena sila. itthakadihi katay cetiyay nama. The monks (boil the root of jack, etc. to) prepare dye, pour it in a wooden vessel and then dye their robes in it. Bhikkhi rajanay pacitvs rajanadoniyay asifcitva tattha elvarini pakkhipitva rajanti. They (the monks) having donned their robes and taken their bowls, go round the villages collecting alms and come to refectories to partake of it. Te civarini parupitvi pate gahetva gimesu pindaya caritva asanasilyo agantva. bhudjanti,