CVL212: Environmental Engineering

Solids Removal (sedimentation)

Jan 12th, 2023 Lecture

by Dr. Arun Kumar (arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)

Objective: To provide overview of solids removal

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(arunku@civil.iitd.ac.in)
Settling analysis using column data of water

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• Solids settle based on their gravitational force (with and
without externally added chemicals).
• Settling depend on solid physical characteristics
(diameter, density) and medium temperature, viscosity,
density, etc.
• Some solids do not interact with each other during
settling (i.e., discrete particles) (no change in their size
and shape). The settling is called discrete settling (Type
1 settling). Ex: settling of sand.
• Some solids interact during their settling and change
their size and shape (i.e., flocculent particles) (Type 2
settling). Ex: settling of clay; bacteria.

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 Sedimentation
• Time for settling = column depth/settling velocity at
steady state
• Some particle take less time and some particles take
longer time to settling.
• if t_design>t_settling, particles remove 100%. All patcies
now constitute to solid waste.
• if t_design<t_settling, particles do not remove 100%.
Remaining particles go to next unit in treatment plant
scheme.

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 Example

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