1) a) i) State the laws of reflection of light.

(2 marks)

ii) Show that the image formed by a plane mirror is as behind the mirror as the object is in front. (3
marks)

b) Describe an experiment in which the image of an object in a plane mirror can be located by method
of no parallax. (4 marks)

c) i)Describe the mode of action of a photographic camera. (5 marks)

ii) Explain the effect of aperture size on images formed in a camera. (2 marks)

d) A camera with a single converging of focal length 50.0mm produces a clear image of an object at any
distance from the camera between 1.0m and infinity. Calculate the range of movement of the lens. (3
marks)

e) Distinguish between power and focal length of a lens. (1 mark)

2) a) i)state the laws of refraction. (2 marks)

ii) Explain why virtual images formed by a simple microscope is free of chromatic aberration.(2 marks)

b)A student looks through the telescope of a levelling instrument and would like to see the measuring
stick, which is 0.6km away in the same detail as when he looks at its directly from a distance of 6.0m.
Given that the focal length of the objective is 1.0m, find;

i) Angular magnification of the telescope. (2 marks)

ii) The focal length of the eye piece. (3 marks)

c) i) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of an image of a distant object in a Galilean telescope in
normal adjustment including the position of the eye ring. (2 marks)

ii) State two disadvantages of Galilean telescope. (2 marks)

d i)Describe an experiment in which the radii of curvature of a bi-concave lens whose refractive index is
known, can be obtain using a plane mirror and a convex lens. (5 marks)

ii) State four uses of concave lens. (2 marks)

SECTION B

3 )a)i) What is meant by division of wave front as applied to interference of waves? (2 marks)

ii) Describe an experiment to determine the wave length of monochromatic light using young’s double
slit method. (5 marks)

b)In young’s double slit experiment, the 8 th bright fringe is formed 5mm away from the Centre of the
fringe system when the wave length of light used is 6.2 x 10−7 m .calculate the separation of the two slits
if the distance from the slit to the screen is 80cm. (3 marks)

c)i) Explain how audible beats arise when two tuning forks of slightly different frequencies f o∧f are
sounded together. (4 marks)
ii) Derive an expression for the number beats heard per second. (3 marks)

d) Describe briefly how plane polarized light is produced by double refraction. (3 marks)

4) a)i) Define the terms frequencies and amplitude as applied to a progressive wave. (2 marks)

ii) Derive the relationship between velocity, wavelength and frequency of a progressive wave. (3
marks)

b) i)What is meant by Doppler Effect? (2 marks)

ii) A bat locates an obstacle by emitting sound wave and detecting the reflected wave. Derive the
expression for the frequency of sound waves reaching the bat after reflection. (3 marks)

c) A source of sound waves moving away from the observer at a speed of 30 ms−1 generates waves of
frequency 500Hz. Find the wavelength of the wave received by the observer. (3 marks)

d) i)Describe an experiment in which the velocity of sound in air can be determined. (5 marks)

ii) Distinguish between loudness and pitch of a sound note. (2 marks)

SECTION C

5a)i) Define magnetic flux density. (1 mark)

ii) Describe an experiment in which magnetic flux density can be determined using a current balance.
(5 marks)

b) A straight rigid conducting wire is connected to a 6.0v battery through a 6.0v, 3.0W lamp. A uniform
horizontal m π agnetic field of strength of 5.0 x 10−2T acts at right angles to the straight rigid conductor

i) Find the force exerted on the conducting wire by the magnetic field. (4 marks)

ii) Explain what happen the magnetic field is reversed. (2 marks)

c) Explain why in a moving coil galvanometer;

i) The magnetic field is radial. (1 mark)

ii) The coil is wound on a metal frame. (2 marks)

d) Explain the adjustment made to modify a moving coil galvanometer into a ballistic galvanometer. (5
marks)

6a)i) State the laws of electromagnetic induction. (2 marks)

ii ) Describe and experiment in which faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction can be verified. (5
marks)

b)i) Derive an expression for E . M . F , E, induced in a metal rod moving at uniform velocity v through a
uniform magnetic field of flux density, B, making an angle Ѳ to rod. (4 marks)

ii) A metal air craft with a wing span of 40m flies with a ground speed of 1000kmh -1 in a direction due
east at constant altitude in a region of the northern hemisphere where the horizontal component of the
earth’s magnetic field 1.6 .0 x 10−5 T and the angle of dip is 71.60. Find the potential difference between
the wing tips. (4 marks)

c)A circular aluminum disc of radius 30cm is mounted inside a long solenoid of 2000turns per meter
currying current of 20A so that its axis coincide with that of the solenoid. If the disc is rotated about its
axis at 40 revelations per minute. What would be the e.m.f induced in it? (5 marks)

7a i) Define peak value and root mean square value of alternating voltage. (2 marks)

π
ii) Show that the current through an inductor lags by to the voltage across it. (3 marks)
2
iii) An inductor of 2.0H and negligible resistance is connected across a 12.0V mains supply of frequency
50Hz. Find the current passing through the inductor. (3 marks)

b) Explain with aid of a labelled diagram, how the repulsive type iron ammeter is able to measure
alternating current. (6 marks)

c) Explain how a capacitor conducts alternating current. (2 marks)

d) Describe how resistance of a material can be determined by absolute method. (4 marks)

SECTION D

8 a) i) Distinguish between potential difference an E.M.F in a circuit

ii) Explain why terminal p.d across a cell is not always equal to its E.M.F

b) i) What is an electrophorus?

ii) Describe how an electrophorus can be used to provide unlimited supply of charge

c) I ) Describe the mode of action of Van der Graff generator

ii ) Explain why electric field lines are normal to the surface

iii) Explain how a body can charged at zero potential.

9) a ) Three identical cells are connected in series with resistors of 3 and 5 .a current of 1.2A flows in the
circuit .When the two resistor are connected in parallel across the three cells in series, the current in the
circuit is 2.2A. Calculate the;

i) Internal resistance of each cell.

ii) E.m.f of each cell

iii) Power dissipated in 3 resistor for the parallel connection

b) A battery of e.m.f 18.0V and internal resistance 3.0 is connected to a resistor of internal resistance
Calculate the;
i) Power generated
ii) ii) Efficiency
iii) iii) If the 8 resistor is replaced by a variable resistor, sketch graphs to show the variation of
power and efficiency with the load.

10) a) Define the terms; i) capacitance ii) dielectric constant

b) A capacitor of capacitance, C 1 of 2µF is charged to a p.d of 50V.it is then connected across the
terminals of a capacitor, C2 of 3µF charged to a p.d of 100V. Calculate;

i) The final p.d across the combination

ii) The difference in the initial and final energy stored in the capacitors and comment on the difference

c) Two identical conducting spheres each of charge Q mass, m are suspended in air from a silk thread
of length,l making angle θ with the downward vertical. If the separating distance between the spheres is
Wr
r , show that the repulsive force is given by F= where W is the weight of one sphere.
2l
d) A battery of e.m.f 6V and internal resistance 1 is connected across a network of resistors as shown
in the figure. Find;

i) The current supplied by the battery

ii) The current through the 6 resistor