LIGHT-GAUGE STEEL STUDS 5.39 Ligh gauge ste studs are manufactured by coloring sheeto stip tel. The calmed ste studs can easly cut andaseentled wih ipl tolsinta wal structure tat siightweght, roncombustle, and dampproo Metal stud + Horizontal channel racing — wall may be used as nonloadbearng partons or as bearing + Walls than 10 (8060) igh wall suport lightgauge stele. Asin wood igh frame + 2 roms fs eight for verticalloads ‘construction, the stud framing contains cavities for utilities and + 1row @ mid-height for wind loads themalieulaton and accepts wide rangers + Walser 1 (2050) high * Continuous runner chame + 3-4*(1015) oc maxima » ious ads forvertical loads 912"16' 024" \ + 5¢-0°(1525) oc maximum (205,405, or610) 00, for wind loads + ight gauge sta sub + Diagonal tel tap racing welded to studs aed rumers + Sea strapconnecten to stud and rumerwith asteel gusset plate o weld, — asserblyo) =~ + Anuleclp welded to stud and bolted to foundation. — + Liniheighof 3-76" (90) srudsta 12 (2660), + Lit igh of (150) studs to 20 (6100). + Umit eight of (205) studs to 28 (6595). —~ Chanel studs * Splcerunnersectons —// with a stud section — + Studs Ligh gauge stl studs are uly prepunched to allow ping, wiring, and + Light-aauge stud walls are framed, bracing to pass through. sheathed, insulated, and ished as in + Consulianufactre for spec shapes woadlgh-Fame contruction «ard available sizes and gauges. Connections are made with elf driling «el taping screwsinsertedith an Te Eames dectic or pneumatic tol or wth p 215-3518 46 ~/* (64,85,90, 100,150) wide MnO ‘ + See 4.23-4.25 for light gauge joist Pati bh et fami langage Pt Le, Se SOM RTNA + Sen 5. oval eating ad 7.48 bs p6.7-e. 8 f thamalinulation options 75,90, 100,140, 150,190,206) wide SI MasterFormat 05 40 00: Colé-Formed Metal Framing SI MosterFormat 05 41 00: Structural Metal Stud Framing5.40 LIGHT-GAUGE STUD FRAMING [ih gauge steel studs — Continuous runner channel — Ligh-gaue sea S 0424-425, fring deta forfloor Continuous runner chanel + Reinforced concrete on metal studs — Frode web ines for sted ts that continue over supports 4.25, | Ligh sae std joss 1 1 H | 1 i | 1 | | t | ' | | by SS Websters S double channel + Overangpessie §—\ GIN Continuusrnner — Continnus ramer TAP Perimeter channel ‘Steel beam or ight-gauge ‘channel ' stu bearing wall ~ gh gauge stud HE [L—~ Forlntl options, Exterior Wall Interior Potton rival é Hh seetelon i ' i ' I ! i I | i | + Exterior wall Ht igh gauge ste sts sheathing ard \ 912116 024" finish — | (206,406, or610) oc, Stud assembly @ Exterior Corner @ Partition Intersection 1 Horizontal chanel bracing stiffeners ata dip Webstit L— steelquscet plate tara stel chanel | | £40539 for reirement i i { i i + Reimeercamel | Cominuus rune heme fetaedtowd I+ ate esters 1 / ee ~Y eS Cipange anchor ote ta concrete foundation wall Trussed bring at comers ret operngs Exterior Wall Section Framing of Openings Double ornested studsBALLOON FRAMING 5.41 seaChapter6 frame fron the sil pate other pt, withjist ald tothe studs ard supa ysis orb tons ein the studs. Ballon framing rarely seedy ut the mini vertical shrinkage it affords may be desirable for brick veneer sud stucco nes Ballon rainy lars studs thats the ful height the ‘a Flatorptched rot system A Cw 7 | K Donblerf ontop plate —— 2xstuds spaced 16" or 24° (4050r610) ac. ana ising ‘the full height of the wall from the il plat to the of pate Secon ne slap the continuous wall studs, 4 ribbon let into studs, provides adtoal support forjoists. LETRTLT a a a | A Concealed spaces inwall framing require 2x firestops \ aetimstops to prevent crafts between }— Ie¢ ribbon lento studs stories and between atop story and thera Lateral racing reqies 05.46 \_ VIP? TD = LT VIITTTTTE WV f; y Facts to conser the séecton Fret rss tearona of ance alr stad al foréstonsl pate axesy framesinclude Foundation nae see Fs Sul + Stud spacing equi Crater’ * Sheathing or bactny requirements Color xe pater cal desi + Standard widths and ght of pane siding + Detaling of comers and vertical and —— |] horizontal joints * Integration of door and window openings into val att * Durability maintenance requirements, and weathering characteristics + Heat conduc electance, and porosity cfthemateril + Expanlon joints, required + Foorists 7 Sipe Foutdation wal (St Masteformat 06 10 00: Rough Carpentry (S1 MasterFormat 06 17 00: Wood Froning5.42. PLATFORM FRAMING — Story eight studs spaced 16'or 24° (4050r610)ae Soe plate Doubleor tp erd ‘ists Doute topple Wal sheathing and fiche 546 Lateral racy as requed Soe plate Doubleor tp erd ‘pists + Siyleor dub si pte Foundation walt see Chapter Wall Stud Sizes Maximum Unsupported Height ed studs 14 (4266) xb suds Stud walsare adaptable to + Athough vertical shrikageis eater Flatirm framing is alight ood frame having stds ly cone try high rears ofthe stars bul, ach story resting the top lashes belo r on thes plates of the ondaton wal Plater rang is aso releredtoas western fairy oe Fat ADH Mate cei open A Chapter Nae ceting ih — Doutle op ort plate — 2x nallstuds f. Soeplate (7 Sebring xed to cater eye cal [ Sascanaear For ists eston top plate asta below Nate forcing rsh Daub top pate — Dxwallstuds ~ Saeplate 7 Subooring offs arication as panes or tosit-»pconstructon. taninballoon framing it AY ( ay aan sity lor joists reston foundation sil at e048. ~ Single or double sil pate Foundation val Maximum Spacing 16 (405)ac, aceg ken supporting only acting and ok, 2h studsrot more than 10 (3050) highmay be ced 24*(610) oc, 24 60)ac. ace when uporting2 sta ata ok 26 studs more tan 1 fa “staggered Sole Plates + “era four Baor endnail, wo 164 —__—~ + Faceailtojoistor blocking, 16d 6 16'(405) 0, —— WOOD STUD FRAMING 5.43 Tap Plates > Die tapas atcomers ard ~~ tersetons with othe partons, facenail, two 16d. 7 ple 2120p plate tena, 164 8 16'(405}oc. stayed End nal op plat ost, to 16d + Offset end joints in top plates at east 48 (1220) aera no 104 ) Three 2s wth bckny Provide railing surface for wall fish materia + 1646 24"(610)oc staged IntrsetngParitions — Tree 2a i surfaces for wall frish material + 1640 12"(805) eed Corner Assonbles oN pienso Three 2s and blocking - Wherentrsecting partion fs between to studs, use ase Txand 2xblackng@ 24*(610)ac5.44 WOOD STUD FRAMING 2621-622 fr of ee conto, — Secon for walang smart i i 1 i frst far dow {1 $0040 for fooparttion HH + Fish faring over subfloory — | onsen Ht — Toenail Hocking between joists []] * 92543 for framing il totop pat, thre Bd: tonal rim ist | partition tersectons i to op pate 24 @ 6" (150) a. | | ps ~~ ‘2xblocking to provide araling surface for cling frish — Double 2x top plate + 20" (610) oechang e431 * Biter seating al and figh a“ + Some fish material may ~ 2rstuds@ 16'or24*(405 0°61) 0c:see require 2 bck — 542 for sn and spacing requirement, + Themalinclation and + Witte crease in thermal ilation a adsuise 16 vaporetarder see 7.44 required by bung and energy codes, 246 (405) oc. maybe used 4d746. even 248 studs have come nto greater for inter nonbearing sag. Altematives include using double wall pactitions. construction cr inaling 2x hoot strani or ouside standard stad wall. See also 7.44. 2vB stuls 24 horiontal taping Interior wal rich 2xsole plate + Finish flooring over subflooring + Woo jist or system: see 427-431. + 6*(150) minimum dlearance betwee fish grade ad vod construction — + Slope nish grade to drain surface mater anay fom —\ 2xslpate anchored ta foundation al — Provdebeam or wall suport see 4.28 fornerir dering partons. Exterior Wall ection Inferior Wall SectionWOOD STUD FRAMING 5.45 + ith continuo tio 2x6 ede hy nolntels are required for openings up Headers Dod kh BID KI _ a + Metal strapsat comers ~ Supporting Can spon \ Roof only 4 a6 6-8 8-10 (1220) (1220-1880) (1860-2440) (2440-3050) One toy 4 4-8 68 Two stories ae + Forspans over 4 (1220) wide header eques * Overted header may 2"(61 miner soldering teacher dw ews to inate tol or ota plat shorts, — * (18) pwnd pacers ae used ith’ members to match 2x4 or 2x6 stud width. + Forunusual load conditions, header should be jeer as beam very minimum bearing requirements, + Doubleheader — + Gripleor ck — Trimmer studs support header face nail double studs, 104@ 12'(806)ox, Rough sil Crippled Full studs + Phwoadtorian 71» Stefi pate 7 + Framinginted ) * Lait cd jist led to dead tosted canned 7 Line Options for Wide Openings - Ths tls sould verges beans iy riinu earn iene5.46 STUD WALL SHEATHING Ve!) pispaciguniess = he wee pled tty stagger vertical ons When applied haraotaly, stagger erica pnts Support heriontaledges Sat horton edges vw blocking or pyc al vw blocking, 612! (205)oc.and6* (150). dlongedges Nal a8 (205)oc, Foruse as comer bracing, aly vertical and ral Forse as comer racing 08" (205)0c.and 4" apply" (13) paes Foruseasa nail base (100). dong edges: it vertical and nal oruse ‘eresteorsidn: 1 (10) (8) minimumor 16"(405) Exterior sting must adhe acoring minum or 16" (405) stud shud spacingand"1'(10) be raledtostu frame tomanufatarer’s spacing a 2"(13) ini ninmumfor24*(610) because gypsum bards recommendations. {or 24 (610) st spacy stu pacing vot anal base + 48.910 + 468,10, 12,14 (1220x2440,2745, 3050) parsons (1220x2440, 3060, 3660, 42665) pane sizes Rated Panel Sheathing Gypsum Sheathing ‘When applied horizontally, Exterior siding must be \ | stagger serials raed det to suk i ‘rane, | Sold Hocking o ¥- gra | | joints along horiaontal | Because the foam plastic | | cds isanefecive vapor bare, Nallg8'(205) oc. anda" thea asemidy must be (100) ac. along edges property vented + Rigdnsulation cannot be used ds comer racing use ste! strapon x4 let into studs, Foruse as comer bracing, use (12) high-density * Rigdinsdation may exten * High-density panels may be panels applied vertical nail below rade toinsulabe Protect exposed surfaces sed 25a allabl base for 96"(150)ac.ard 3"(75) basementor cra space. ~ w treated plywood or cero siding caged + Seeaco 7.44, siuca, + 4'x8.9,10,12° + D4! Band 4 x8, (1220%2440,2745, 3060, 3660) pane sis (610x120, 2440 and 1220x2440, 2745) panel ses Fiberboord Shecthing Rigid Foam Postic Sheothing CSI MasterFormat 06 16 00: SheathingWood COLUMNS 5.47 ‘Wd calunns may esl built-up or space. Incelectinga wood col, the folowing shuld be conldrt umber pei structural grade modu of asian alow compressive, beni and shear sires vals prt forthe intended use In addon, atterton shouldbe paid tothe precise ang condtions and the types of conection used ‘Woo columns and posts ae oad acl i compression. Fale can el from crushing of the wd fibers if he maxinum uit sess acedstheallwable unit tes in compression parle to the ara The ad capacty of colar also determined by ts tenderness atin Asthe slendemess ratio aclu increases, a alu can fai from buckling. 502.13. + Vd < 50 rsol oulr-up columns + Wd < BOorirdivdual member of spaced clu + |= unsupportedlengthinitchee —__ + d=theleastdimersionof the compression member in inches W Estimating Guidlines fr Wood Columns + Gs may suppor pt 500 (46m) of lor and rot ara, + BB maysupport upto 1000t{@3m2) | —— of lor and of area, + 10x10 may support upto 2500 sf (282m?) of lorand of area, + Gaus ar assumed to have an unsupported teigitof12 (5660). * lees sizes ae equi for columns supporting heavy loads, sry to greater heights, resting lateral cs. + SeetheBborahy for sources more detailed load tables. + Consulta structural engineer for fal design requirements. eS B= + Sold sawn columns shouldbe of wel-easoned wood + Buit-up columns maybe lu laminated or mechrially fastened, Gl aminated cours tay havea higher alowabe compressive stress than sald san columns, hile mechanically fastened columns camotequal the strength ofa sold conn ofthe sae dimensions and material + Spaced cons consstoftwo or one mebers separa a thle ends and mide pits by cing and ined atthe ends by timber connectors andl %5.48 WOOD POST-AND-BEAM FRAMING Fond ea contruction uses ramen feria pst + Roof system: conventional wood 3d horizontal beams to carry both floor at roof loads. The: cers ea rain rams suport fora rosters rancho ads see Chapter 6. — toposts coun hat nur carry teloads down the \ inten sen Tyee ith plant an beam for ard rk ystems ‘th post-ard- beam wall yt era thre: denna structed wich ray be expand verily eherzntaly + Thesteeton rane of ests and basi fen le enced to ira ile ramen niin wich onbearin wal panes dor and windows itgrated + When the pos-ad-beam ramet expe, as often the cast carl ateton ust bai tothe species and rad of \woad used, the detalira of jain, eopecialy at beamt-to-beamt and bear-to-post connections, and the quality of workman. Foor aster: coment its cr plaka rang see Chapa Resltarce to lateral wid atl see forces rere the us of ld shear wal dagorabracng oss or colunns may be supported by niu piers ‘or bya wall foundation. he Column spacing is related to the dese sve and roportionol the bays ard the spanning capably of L the beams, iste, and decking, ———~ Heavy Timber Construction + Fosané eam tang ay gules rea inde construction hepa ard Yea flor and cof structures are suppated iy nocombstbe, re reste exo was ad he wed members ad deci metthemnirum ize requ pated nthe building cde, For dcr: ot es than (75) ronal tongue and gre (ta) or epincd plants with 1° (25) nominal vb flcing oe ((3)cod struct pane eurng Roo dockins ha 2 (51) orion pnd pants are (52) thick ned structural pane ~ _= Beans and gle ote tan 6 (150) nonlin ticks and 10"(266) nominal in depth Calunns ratlssthan 8 nomial en supating foors.rot lee tan 6 nominal vhen support rok oy. CSI MasterFormat 06130: Heavy Timber ConstructionWOOD POST-BEAM CONNECTIONS 5.49 Thestengh of ayost-ard-beam conection depends on + Thespclesan ara of amber used + The thickness of the wood members + Theargeoltheresistng force ate ote grain the wad + Thesze and number fats or inber connectors used Thesize and umber of ots equi for connection depend onthe magnitude ofthe ads being transfered Geteraly. greater efcincy isachieved witha few Large bolts rather than with more smaller ones. ‘The drawings tothe right ilustrate general guidelines forthe placement bats, Timber Connectors thers infin surtace contact areata accommodate the required punber of bls, tinker comectorscan be use. Tinker cannectos ae metal ings, ates. orgs for transferring shear between he faces of two tnbermerbers used witha single elt that serves stain and clamp the sssembytyeter.Tinber comrectars aemorecfcint than bls ora screws ueed alone because they erly the reo mond over wich oad isistrbuted ad develop higher stresses per uit of ering Load Parallel to Grain —— 4d ~ Enddlstance + Adincompresion: d= betameter + Tdin tension . Eigedistace + Vedor'Terow spacing ford ratios <6 ow pacing paral to granis determined by net section requirements, Lond Perpendicular to Grin e+ Sarl ge distance for eae award wich lad is acting > or = 4d . 4 Row spacing perpendicular to gai: + 2\edforldot2 ftir — Spit-ing connectors consist of a metal ing inserted into corresponding roves utah faces the ning members and din lace by 4 singe at. The tongue andro spit inthe fing permits to deform slightly unde oaing and maintain bearing atl surfaces, while ‘the beveled cross section eases insertion and enuresa tight-fitting ont after the rng is fully seat inthe goes. + Avalblin 2 and 4 (64 and 100) diameters 376" (00) minimum face wich for 2:8 (64) splitsings5"o(140)minirum for4*(100) pit ings (13) obottor 2-0 (64) springs (19) or (100) springs — Shear plates consist ofa undp of raleal roinserted into acoresponding groove, fush ith he face oF timber and held inplace bya se bot. Shear plates are sed n back to back pas to develop shar resistance indenounate wd to wond conection ot singlyina wow to metal connection.5.50 WOOD POST-BEAM CONNECTIONS [> IS + Beam anger concealed flanges fl + Bullrup bea resting onbultup cdr + Steelanglew! web ifener + Kerfed beam : setino sea plate + Beating bak bot tocol Column Supports for Beams L + Dagoaly QD = ame be fest sawkert athase — Throws ul cuter heads ard ruts hoes — Steel plateweled to /| ected foundation Concrete foundation al {ort per Column Bose Supports olumn-Beom Connections I< Postorcaumn — Colum ase! anchor srapcastinto concrete foundtion wal orier Troughs 6(150}tograde iia + Buling code may requ 2(51) standol hight above concrete when exposed toweatherorwater splash Sid clu Spaced beams Noroadbearng infil may consistof wood stud framing, prefabricated wall yates or door and window uni onc deta shoud provide aeathertightseal through the use of offsets asin, orcauiking, + lowance should be made forthemovenetaf ped ood due ta changes in ‘moisture content, and, when ‘ing sitar mater, for dffring rates of thermal pansion ad contraction = + Seealo437 or post bean connections + vain of propriary post: bases and beam anchors arearaate Coet mmanfactre or sizes, shapes, instalation details, ‘andlor lads Festand-beam comectars canals be shop fabicated tositspecc design condos, + Connectors shuldbe phariaed or plate to resist corrosion when exposed ta weather.