PCI July 2011

www.pcimag.
com
July 2011
VOLUME 27, NUMBER 7
Paint Coatings Industry
Globally Serving Liquid and Powder Formulators and Manufacturers
INSIDE
Taking Semigloss
Coatings Green
New-Generation
Three Roll Mills
Controlled-Release IPBC
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DEPARTMENTS
6 Viewpoint
8 Industry News
12 Calendar of Events
14 Company News
20 Names in the News
68 Classifieds
70 Advertiser Index
PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY (ISSN 0884-3848) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd.,
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PAI NT & COATI NGS I NDUS TRY, VOLUME 2 7 , NUMBE R 7
July 2011
CONTENTS
FEATURES
24 The Global Top 10 and PCI 25
36 Enhanced Dry-Film Coating Performance Through
Controlled-Release IPBC, ISP
40 New Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Latex Takes Semigloss
Coatings Green, Forbo Bonding Systems
46 New-Generation Three Roll Mills Meet Todays
Challenges, Buhler AG
50 Water-Based, Field-Applied UV-Curable Topcoats for
Wood Flooring, Cytec Industries
62 Expanding the Functionality of Coatings Through
Chemical Microencapsulation, Encapsys Division,
Appleton Papers Inc.
BUSINESS TOOLS
45 Green Showcases
64 Equipment Showcases
ONLINE FEATURES
www. pc i ma g. c om
Coating Protects Petrochemical Tanks and
Pipes at Elevated Temperatures, Sherwin-
Williams Protective & Marine Coatings
New Nanocomposite Barrier Coatings Provide
Cost and Performance Advantages Over
EVOH and PVDC, InMat
High-Performance Alternative to Zinc Plating,
NOF Metal Coatings North America Inc.
High-Temperature Chromatography System
Helps Researchers Develop Nanoparticle
Coatings, Malvern Instruments
New Binder Permits Up to 50% Less TiO
2
for
Waterborne Traffic Paints, Dow Coating Materials
36 50
ON T HE COVE R :
Cover design by Clare Johnson.
24
JULY 2011
|
W W W . P C I M A G . C O M 6

V I E W P O I N T
This issue of PCI features the
19
th
annual ranking of the
top coatings manufacturers in
the world. Listed in the article
(page 24) are the Top 10 global
leaders and the Top 25 North
American companies. Sales
numbers listed for each com-
pany reflect worldwide 2010
global coatings sales figures.
The Top 10 global companies all reported
increased sales in 2010, ranging from a
few percentage points to over 10 percent.
Most of the increases were close to 10
percent. The picture for the Top 25 North
American companies appears somewhat
more mixed. While only a few companies
reported decreased sales for 2010, about
a third reported either flat sales or modest
sales increases. However, compared with
the drop in sales seen in 2009, the industry
appears to be rebounding.
Industry consolidation continues to
play out around the world. In March
2010, The Sherwin-Williams Co. acquired
the Industrial Wood Coatings business of
Arch Chemicals. In June 2010, AkzoNobel
finalized its purchase of Dow Powder
Coatings, the former Rohm & Haas pow-
der activities, from the Dow Chemical Co.
Earlier this year, Japanese Kansai Paint
Co. successfully acquired Freeworld
Coatings Ltd., a South African coat-
ings company. And in June of this year,
Denmark-based Hempel announced its
acquisition of decorative coatings manu-
facturer Crown Paints.
Globalization appears to make sense
in this business climate. As the global
economy began to improve, demand grew
in the emerging economies of Asia, Eastern
Europe and South America and then
moved to the more developed economies
in Western Europe and the United States.
In general, companies with a larger global
footprint and more diverse offerings
were able to recover more quickly than
companies with a more narrow focus.
Charles E. Bunch, Chairman and
CEO of PPG Industries, commented to
shareholders at the companys annual
meeting this year on his
companys move to a more
global focus, We have
continued to pursue growth
in emerging regions such as
Asia/Pacific, Eastern Europe
and Latin America, which
has broadened our reach
and reduced our exposure
to weaknesses in any one
region. PPGs businesses in emerging
regions grew 20 percent in 2010, he said,
and with sales of nearly $3.6 billion, these
regions now account for 27 percent of
the companys sales. The United States
and Canada now represent less than 45
percent of PPGs sales.
Valspars most recent financial results
illustrate another major theme in the
coatings industry price increases. While
the company reported increased sales for
the second quarter, net income was down,
due in part to rising raw material costs.
In a news releases announcing a price
increase in AkzoNobel Powder Coatings
Europe West segment, Gordon MacLeman,
Managing Director of the Sub Business
Unit Powder Coatings Europe West, com-
mented on the challenges facing the indus-
try: These are really unprecedented times
for our industry. This level of increase in
purchasing cost was literally unimagi-
nable until very recently. Unfortunately
we believe we will see continued short-
ages, and consequently increases in our
purchase cost for some considerable time
to come. Faced with rising raw material
costs, companies are adjusting pricing and
continuing to hold costs.
Going forward, the industry is respond-
ing to the challenges of globalization, the
lingering effects of the 2008 financial crisis,
and rising raw material costs by continued
consolidation, diversification, price adjust-
ments and strict cost containment.
While the PCI staff made every effort to
seek out the top companies in the indus-
try, we may have inadvertently omitted
some. Please contact me at parkerpci-
mag@gmail.com if you have interest in
being included next year.
By Karen Parker, Associate Editor, PCI Magazine
Despite Challenges, Industry
Begins to Rebound
BNP Media Helps People
Succeed in Business with
Superior Information
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E-mail: darpaint@aol.com
Associate Editor Karen Parker
& E-News Editor Tel: 248/229.2681
E-mail: parkerpcimag@gmail.com
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Production Vincent M. Miconi
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Creative Michael T. Powell
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Trade Shows Emily Patten
& Conferences
Clear Seas Research Beth A. Surowiec
For subscription information or service,
please contact Customer Service at:
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Brenntag understands
change is normal for the
Coatings Industry.
As the Coatings Industry
has evolved through the
years, Brenntags Paint and
Coatings Team continues to
provide our customers with
the products and services
to stay competitive in the
marketplace.
Whether you face different
markets, technologies, or
substrate applications,
Brenntags Paint and
Coatings Team can help you
to adapt and make change
work to your advantage.
Brenntag offers a complete
specialty and industrial product
portfolio, technical assistance
with product development,
formulations and applications
know-how, superior logistics
with versatile blending and
re-packaging capabilities, and
last, but not least, commitment
to quality and safety.
Change demands innovation
and creativity.
Brenntag Understands.
Brenntag North America, Inc.
(610) 926-6100 Ext: 3858
brenntag@brenntag.com
brenntagnorthamerica.com
The Glocal Chemical Distributor.
Vinyl Metal Brick Wood
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Automotive
Aerospace
Industrial
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Container
Architectural
Coatings
Civil
Engineering
Marine &
Maintenance
Coatings Technologies:
Surface/Substrate:
Markets:
Solvent-
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Coatings
Water-
Borne
Coatings
High
Solids
Coatings
Powder
Coatings
UV
Coatings
JULY 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M 8

I N D U S T R Y N E W S
New Recommendations Released for
Occupational Exposure to Ultrafine TiO
2
WASHINGTON, DC The National Insti-
tute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) has released a new Current Intel-
ligence Bulletin (CIB) that addresses expo-
sure limits to ultrafine titanium dioxide.
Titanium dioxide is produced and used in
the workplace in varying particle-size frac-
tions, including fine and ultrafine sizes.
The NIOSH CIB reviews the animal
and human data relevant to assessing the
carcinogenicity and other adverse health
effects of TiO
2
, provides a quantitative risk
assessment using dose-response informa-
tion from the rat and human lung dosim-
etry modeling, and recommends occupa-
tional exposure limits for fine and ultrafine
(including engineered nanoscale) TiO
2
.
Additionally, it describes exposure moni-
toring techniques, exposure control strate-
gies and research needs. It only addresses
occupational exposures by inhalation and
not nonoccupational exposures.
According to the report, NIOSH rec-
ommends exposure limits of 2.4 mg/m
3

for fine TiO
2
and 0.3 mg/m
3
for ultrafine
(including engineered nanoscale) TiO
2
, as
time-weighted average (TWA) concentra-
tions for up to 10 hours per day during
a 40-hour work week. NIOSH has deter-
mined that ultrafine TiO
2
is a potential
occupational carcinogen but that there
are insufficient data at this time to clas-
sify fine TiO
2
as a potential occupational
carcinogen. However, as a precaution-
ary step, NIOSH used all of the animal
tumor response data when conducting
dose-response modeling and determining
separate RELs for ultrafine and fine TiO
2
.
These recommendations represent levels
that over a working lifetime are estimated
to reduce risks of lung cancer to below 1
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I N D U S T R Y N E W S
in 1,000. NIOSH realizes that knowledge
about the health effects of nanomaterials
is an evolving area of science. Therefore,
NIOSH intends to continue dialogue with
the scientific community and will consider
any comments about nano-size titanium
dioxide for future updates of this document.
For the f ul l report, vi sit http://
www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-160/
pdfs/2011-160.pdf.
DIY Customers Are More Satisfied
With Paint Brands
WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CA According
to the J.D. Power and Associates 2011
U.S. Interior Paint Satisfaction Study
SM
,
do-it-yourselfers are notably more satis-
fied with interior paint brands in 2011
compared with 2010.
The study, now in its fifth year, measures
customer satisfaction among those who
have purchased and applied interior paint
during the past year. It examines six key fac-
tors of the painting experience: application,
product offerings, durability, price, design
guides, and warranty and guarantees.
Overall satisfaction with interior paint
brands has increased considerably to an
average of 770 on a 1,000-point scale in
2011 from 754 in 2010. Satisfaction has
increased in five of the six factors included
in the study all except design guides. The
most notable improvements have occurred
in the warranty, product offerings,
application and durability factors.
Benjamin Moore ranks highest in
customer satisfaction with interior paint,
with a score of 791. Following Benjamin
Moore in the rankings are Porter (789)
and Sherwin-Williams (778).
The highest performing brands in the
study also benefit from the highest levels
of customer loyalty, said Christina Cooley,
Senior Manager of the Real Estate and
Construction Industries Practice at J.D.
Power and Associates. Among customers
of some of these brands, the proportion
who say they definitely will purchase the
brand of paint again averages as high as 50
percent, which is considerably greater than
the industry average of 36 percent.
The 2011 U.S. Interior Paint Sat-
isfaction Study is based on responses
from more than 8,900 customers who
purchased and applied interior paint
within the previous 12 months.
Waterborne Symposium
Issues Call for Papers
HATTIESBURG, MS Organizers of The
Waterborne Symposium have issued a call
for papers, welcoming papers pertaining
to new and emerging technologies related
to materials, processes, production, char-
acterization, application and markets in
the field of surface coatings. Papers must
be original and represent recent advance-
ments in coatings science and related
disciplines. The deadline for submitting
abstracts is August 15, 2011. The paper
submission deadline is December 2, 2011.
The Waterborne Symposium will take
place February 13-17, 2012, at the New
Orleans Marriott, New Orleans, LA.
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JULY 2011
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C A L E N D A R
JULY 13-14
Latin American Coatings Show
Mexico City
www.coatings-group.com
18-20
Coatings for People in the General Industry,
Sales and Marketing
Rolla, MO
http://coatings.mst.edu/index.html
18-22
Polymers and Coatings Introductory
Short Course
San Luis Obispo, CA
www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu
24-30
19
th
International Conference on Composites
Shanghai, China
www.icce-nano.org
SEPT. 13-14
Coatings Trends & Technologies
Oak Brook, IL
www.coatingsconference.com
14-15
Asia Pacific Coatings Show
Singapore
www.coatings-group.com
19-23
Basic Composition of Coatings
Rolla, MO
http://coatings.mst.edu/basic1.html
OCT. 6-8
Turkcoat Eurasia 2011
Istanbul, Turkey
www.turkcoat.com/?dil=en
10-14
Introduction to Paint Formulation
Rolla, MO
http://coatings.mst.edu/index.html
16-18
ASC Fall Convention
Indianapolis, IN
www.ascouncil.org
18-20
RadTech Europe
Basel, Switzerland
www.radtech-europe.com
23-26
Western Coatings Symposium
Las Vegas
www.pnwsct.org/symposium-wcs
24-26
Future of Pigments
Berlin, Germany
www.pigmentmarkets.com
NOV. 1-3
Chem Show
New York City
www.chemshow.com
21-23
ABRAFATI
So Paulo, Brazil
www.abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html
23-25
ChinaCoat 2011
Shanghai, China
www.chinacoat.net
Meetings, Shows and Educational Programs
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ROWA GROUP Opens Subsidiary in China
PINNEBERG, Germany ROWA GROUP has now set up an offi-
cial subsidiary in China, ROWA Coatings, which is scheduled to
begin operations in the second quarter of 2011.
Headquartered in Beijing, ROWA Coatings initial function will
be to grow the business of ROWA Lack in China and boost the
ROWA brand presence. In addition, it will enable ROWA Lack to
boost service quality in China, providing more responsive support
to Chinese customers.
Helen Li, who has successfully represented the interests of ROWA
Lack in China for years, will lead the new subsidiary.
LANXESS Renames Business Unit/
Opens Office in Brussels
LEVERKUSEN, Germany LANXESS has given its Basic Chemi-
cals business unit a new name: Advanced Industrial Interme-
diates. The new name establishes a direct link to the product
portfolio, which includes advanced intermediates for numerous
branches of industry. The company has also opened an office of its
own in Brussels. Stefan Borst, previously EU Correspondent of the
news magazine Focus, will head the office.
Momentive Performance Materials to
Expand Joint Venture in China
ALBANY, NY/JIANDE, China Momentive Performance Mate-
rials Inc. and Zhejiang Xinan Chemical Industrial Group, a
provider of agricultural chemicals and organic silicon products,
announced the planned expansion of manufacturing capacity
by their joint-venture company, Zhejiang Xinan Momentive Per-
formance Materials Co. Ltd.
The joint venture companys plant in Jiande, China, which has
annual production capacity of approximately 50,000 metric tons
of siloxane, successfully started its first phase of operations in the
fourth quarter of 2010. With the expansion, siloxane production
capacity is expected to triple to an estimated 150,000 metric tons
per year, commencing in 2013.
BASF Plans Dispersions Plant in South Africa
DURBAN, South Africa BASF is planning to invest in a disper-
sions plant in Durban, South Africa. The new plant will produce
acrylic dispersions mainly for the coatings and construction
industries. The facility will benefit from local availability of raw
materials and proximity to key customers who serve South Africa
and Sub Saharan Africa markets. Production is scheduled to
begin in the second half of 2012.
Dow Epoxy to Expand LER Capacity in Germany
MIDLAND, MI Dow Epoxy, a business unit of The Dow Chemi-
cal Co., has announced plans to expand liquid epoxy resin (LER)
capacity at its plant in Stade, Germany. This expansion will pro-
vide additional capacity as early as the fourth quarter of 2012 and
will increase capacity by 30 KTA, a 10-percent increase in the
companys global LER capacity.
DSM and Interfloat Sign New Agreements
GELEEN, the Netherlands DSM Advanced Surfaces has signed
license and supply agreements with Interfloat Corp., a solar
glass producer, opening the way for Interfloat to start producing
cover glass for solar modules coated with KhepriCoat, a high-
transmission/anti-reflective coating from DSM Advanced Sur-
faces. The KhepriCoat technology will be taken into production at
Interfloats solar glass plant in Tschernitz, Germany. The transfer
of know-how and technology, and the installation of the coating
equipment, are expected to be completed by August, when Inter-
float will start production.
Perstorp to Invest in China Facility
PERSTORP, Sweden Perstorp is investing in extended capac-
ity for polyalcohol neopentyl glycol by establishing production
at the groups manufacturing site in Zibo, China. With planned
production to start during the second half of 2012, the new
capacity will be through Perstorps joint venture, Shandong
Fufeng Perstorp Chemical Co. Ltd.
PPG to Purchase European Coatings Company
PITTSBURGH PPG Industries has signed an agreement to acquire
Dyrup A/S, a European coatings company based in Copenhagen,
Denmark, from its owner, Monberg & Thorsen, a public holding
company. The total transaction value, including assumed debt, is
around $200 million. Dyrup is a European producer of architec-
tural coatings, in particular wood stains, and specialty products
with 2010 sales of approximately 190 million ($270 million).
JULY 2011
|

C O M P A N Y N E W S
MELBOURNE, Australia Dow Micro-
bial Control has opened a new Custom-
er Application Center in Melbourne,
Australia, giving customers in Austra-
lia and New Zealand access to state-of-
the-art testing laboratories and inno-
vative form ulations that are in line
with local regulatory requirements.
Senior management from Dow
Microbial Control and customers
from various industries were pres-
ent for the grand opening. The Dow
Microbial Control Academy also
conducted its first training courses
in Australia, focusing on the latest
technologies and trends in microbial
control. Following the launch event,
guests were invited to take part in a
firsthand tour of the new facility in
Altona, Melbourne.
Dow Microbial Control Launches Facility in Australia
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JULY 2011
|

AkzoNobel to Split ICI Pakistan
AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands Akzo
Nobel N.V. (AkzoNobel) is seeking
approval from the board and sharehold-
ers of ICI Pakistan Limited (ICI Paki-
stan) to separate the organizations
paints and chemicals businesses. Under
the terms of the proposal, AkzoNobel
would retain direct majority control of
the paint business by separating it into
a new legal entity, AkzoNobel Pakistan
Limited, through a de-merger process
approved by the Pakistani courts. Sub-
sequently, AkzoNobel would dispose of
its entire shareholding in the remainder
of ICI Pakistan.
Troy Introduces Mergal 753 Wet-
State Preservative in Canada
FLORHAM PARK, NJ Troy Corp.
announced that The Pest Management Reg-
ulatory Agency of Health Canada, in accor-
dance with the Pest Control Products Act,
has approved the usage of Mergal 753 wet-
state preservative for the in-package protec-
tion of paints, coatings and allied products.
Mergal 753 is a zero-VOC, formaldehyde-
free dispersion with broad-spectrum effi-
cacy against bacteria, fungi and yeast.
Ashland to Acquire International
Specialty Products Inc.
COVINGTON, KY/WAYNE, NJ Ashland
Inc. has agreed to acquire privately owned
International Specialty Products Inc. (ISP),
a global specialty chemical manufacturer
of functional ingredients and technolo-
gies. Under the terms of the stock purchase
agreement, Ashland will pay approximate-
ly $3.2 billion for the business in an all-
cash transaction. ISPs advanced product
portfolio will expand Ashlands position
in high-growth markets such as personal
care, pharmaceutical and energy.
Dow Coating Materials Launches
eXposure Vision Viewer
PHILADELPHIA Dow Coating Mate-
rials has launched eXposure Vision
Viewer, an on-line system that puts expo-
sure station test panels within easy view.
Through a secured login Web site, eXpo-
sure Vision Viewer gives Dow custom-
ers access to test panel images in high
resolution. Updated images are posted
bimonthly and archived for future refer-
ence and comparison. Dow customers
can track test panels under evaluation at
Dows largest exposure station, located
in Spring House, PA. Selected test panel
images from Dow exposure stations in
Glen St. Mary, FL, and Geelong, Australia,
are also accessible. In addition to tracking
their own test formulations, Dow custom-
ers can use eXposure Vision Viewer to
monitor the performance of new Dow
products. North and south views are
updated quarterly, and 45 south views
are updated bimonthly.
OMG Americas Expands
Territory of The Cary Co.
CLEVELAND OMG Americas has
expanded The Cary Co.s region in the
United States. The Cary Co. will repre-
sent the OMG Borchi
line of coatings
additives as well as the metal carboxyl-
ates line. The new region will include
Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota,
North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa and
western Michigan.
Huber Engineered Materials
Renames Business Unit
ATLANTA Huber Engineered Materials
(HEM) is renaming its Alumina Trihydrate
business unit Fire Retardant Additives.
The new name more accurately reflects
the vast array of non-halogen fire-retar-
dant and smoke-suppressant technologies,
brands and products now offered.
E.W. Kaufmann Co. Receives
Cognis DOME Award
BRISTOL, PA Cognis Corp. (now part
of BASF) has recognized E.W. Kaufmann
Co., a raw materials distributor to the
coatings, plastics, ink, construction and
adhesives industries, with its Distribu-
tor Operational Measure of Excellence
(DOME) award. The award was presented
in recognition of E.W. Kaufmann Co.s sig-
nificant achievements in sales growth and
exceptional service.
Sherwin-Williams Renames
Chemical Coatings Division
CLEVELAND Sherwin-Williams an -
nounced that its Chemical Coatings Divi-
sion has been renamed Product Finishes.
Following the acquisitions of industrial
wood finishing leaders Becker Acroma
and Sayerlack in 2010, the newly expand-
ed Sherwin-Williams Product Finishes
Division now boasts a very strong pres-
ence in Europe, adding significant man-
ufacturing and distribution capabilities.
These acquisitions also added to the com-
panys existing infrastructure in China
and Asia, doubling its capabilities.
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JULY 2011
|

Evonik Finalizes Purchase
of hanse chemie Group
ESSEN, Germany Evonik Industries
has completed the purchase of the hanse
chemie Group, comprising hanse che-
mie AG and nanoresins AG. With a
workforce of some 100 employees, the
group is headquartered in Geesthacht
near Hamburg, Germany, where it pro-
duces high-quality components and raw
materials for the manufacture of seal-
ants and adhesives, molding and casting
compounds, and other products. The
greatest share of business will be incor-
porated into Evoniks Interface & Perfor-
mance Business Line.
AkzoNobel Opens New
Research Laboratory
AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands
AkzoNobel has opened a new research
laboratory in Deventer, the Netherlands.
Housing more than 200 researchers from
the companys Research, Development
and Innovation (RD&I) organization,
the facility is one of a network of six
global RD&I centers.
ALTANA Acquires Color Chemie
WESEL, Germany The specialty chemi-
cals Group ALTANA has signed an agree-
ment to acquire the Color Chemie Group.
The chemical company, headquartered in
Bdingen, Hesse, Germany, mainly pro-
duces environmentally friendly, water-
based specialty printing inks and offers
related services to its customers.
Hempel to Invest in Paint
Production Facility in Russia
LYNGBY, Denmark Hempel has signed
an agreement with local government offi-
cials in the Russian Ulyanovsk region for
Hempel Groups first Russian paint pro-
duction facility. The 23-million turnkey
project will be built close to the city of Uly-
anovsk, 893 kilometers east of Moscow.
Scheduled to start production in Decem-
ber 2012, the plant will help meet grow-
ing demand for Hempel coatings in the
Russian market.
Pump Solutions Group Acquires
EnviroGear
Product Line
GRAND TERRACE, CA Pump Solutions
Group has acquired the EnviroGear
product line. EnviroGear operations and
manufacturing are now based in Grand
Terrace, CA. Product lines include:
EnviroGear, a mag-drive internal gear
pump; EnviroBase gear pump base
plate assemblies; and EnviroCare, a
line of pump and motor protection and
control products.
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JULY 2011
|

Robert Carroll III, President of R.E. Carroll
Inc., has been honored as Executive of the Year
by Biltmores Whos Who for 2011-2012.
Sea-Land Chemical Co. has assigned Mark
Christeon the responsibility of leading the sales
organization. He will be managing the Sales
Team Leaders and will focus on improving sales
efforts. Craig Lundell has taken on the new posi-
tion of Team Leader, Supplier Relations. Kelly Kuhar has
been hired as the Administrative Assistant II, providing
additional support to the Procurement Department.
Lori Hilson Cioromski, President of TH Hilson Co., has
received the Member of the Year Award from the National
Association of Women Business Owners (NAWBO), Chicago.
PPG Industries has named Gary Danowski Vice
President, Automotive Refinish, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and
Africa). Richard A. Beuke, Vice President, Silicas, has been
named Vice President, Flat Glass. Kevin D. Braun, General Man-
ager, Architectural Coatings, ANZ (Australia and New Zealand),
has been named General Manager, Silica Products.
Camfil Farr Air Pollution Control has promoted John Dauber
to the position of Vice President of Sales, USA and Canada, and
Thomas Frungillo to Vice President of Sales,
Latin America and Focus Markets.
Sasol Chief Executive Pat Davies has been
awarded an Institution of Chemical Engineers
honorary fellowship.
DKSHs Business Unit Performance Materi-
als has appointed Mathias Greger to head its
North American operation. Greger will focus on overall
growth activities in the North American market.
DYMAX Corp. has appointed Gilberto Poinsot as a
Territory Sales Manager in the Field Sales Department.
Poinsot will help manufacturers in the southwest United
States reduce manufacturing costs. The company has
also appointed Brian Scully Inside Sales Manager in the
Customer Support Department. Scully will manage and
grow the global customer service and inside sales team at DYMAX.
BASF Automotive Refinish has named Jeff Wildman a
Regional Manager. He will report directly to Nick Maloof, Central
Zone Manager for BASF Automotive Refinish.
Archway Sales Inc. has hired Ginny Yost as the Accounts Pay-
able Clerk. Yost will be based out of St. Louis, MO.
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J ULY 2011
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By Karen Parker, Associate Editor, PCI Magazine
GLOBAL TOP 10
1. Akzo Nobel nv
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
+31 20 502 7833
www.akzonobel.com
Chairman of the Board of Management: Hans Wijers
Coatings Sales: $13.1 billion (9.8 billion)
AkzoNobel is the largest global coatings company and a major pro-
ducer of specialty chemicals. AkzoNobel is a Global Fortune 500
company and is consistently ranked as one of the leaders in the
area of sustainability. The company has operations in more than 80
countries and employs 55,000 people around the world. AkzoNobel
coatings brands include global and household names such as Inter-
national
, Sikkens
, Glidden
, Dulux
, Crown
, Interpon
, Levis
,
Coral
and Sadolin
.
Parent company: AkzoNobel
Source: AkzoNobel Report 2010, press releases, company contact
Recent Acquisitions and Divestments: AkzoNobel acquired Lind-
gens Metal Decorative Coatings and Inks in July 2010. In September
2010, the company acquired Changzhou Prime Automotive Paint Co.
Ltd. The company also completed the acquisition of the former Rohm
& Haas powder activities from the Dow Chemical Co.
Notes: Decorative Paints signed a deal with Walmart to become the
retailers primary paint supplier in the United States, and Dulux Trade
won the contract to paint the London 2012 Olympic Games site.
AkzoNobel's ambitious growth plans for Asia were underlined when
the company announced that it plans to double its current revenue in
China within five years. A target of $3 billion has been set for 2015, with
China poised to play an integral role in AkzoNobel's strategic focus on the
world's growth regions.
2. PPG Industries, Inc.
Pittsburgh
412/434.3131
www.ppg.com
Chairman/CEO: Charles E. Bunch
Coatings Sales: Approx. $9.86 billion
PPGs global coatings businesses comprise coatings for the aero-
space, architectural, automotive OEM, automotive refinish, indus-
trial, packaging, and protective and marine markets. The company
serves customers in industrial, transportation, consumer products,
and construction markets and aftermarkets. PPG is the worlds lead-
ing manufacturer of transportation OEM and refinish coatings, as
well as a technology leader in coatings for the wood-flooring industry
and a leader in the supply of paints for consumer electronics. In 2010,
PPGs businesses in emerging regions grew 20 percent, and sales in
those regions accounted for about 27 percent of the companys total.
Notably, PPGs business in the Asia-Pacific region posted record earn-
ings for 2010 and now represents about 15 percent of PPGs global
revenue, and PPG is now the second-largest coatings company in the
Asia-Pacific region. Also in 2010, sales for the companys Industrial
Coatings segment, including the automotive OEM, industrial and
packaging coatings businesses, increased $640 million or 21 per-
cent. Coatings represented about 73 percent of PPGs 2010 total net
sales of $13.4 billion.
Source: 2010 Annual Report, company website, company contact
Notes: In October 2010, PPG reached an agreement to acquire Bai-
run, a privately held packaging coatings company in southern China.
In May of this year, PPG signed an agreement to acquire Dyrup A/S, a
European coatings company based in Copenhagen. Dyrup is a Euro-
pean producer of architectural coatings, in particular wood stains,
and specialty products.
PPG broke ground on its first Chinese resin-production facility in
Zhangjiagang in 2009. In 2010, the largest PPG plant in Asia, PPG
Coatings (Tianjin) Co. Ltd., began a two-phase project to expand its
waterborne automotive and industrial coatings capacity, which is
expected to be about 10,000 tons annually upon project completion.
PPG also strengthened its presence in Russia in June 2010, by open-
ing an automotive refinish coatings training center in Moscow. In
South Africa, PPG became the only Johannesburg-based packaging
coatings supplier when it opened a packaging coatings facility inside
its Prominent Paints factory there.
In January 2011, PPG announced plans to expand its 14-year rela-
tionship with Asian Paints Ltd. to grow the companies joint coatings
business in India.
3. Sherwin-Williams Co.
Cleveland
216/566.2000
www.sherwin.com
Chairman/CEO: Christopher M. Connor
The Sherwin-Williams Co. is engaged in the manufacture, distribution
and sale of coatings and related products to professional, industrial,
commercial and retail customers primarily in North and South America.
The company has three operating segments: Paint Stores Group, Con-
sumer Group and Global Group. All three reportable operating segments
achieved organic sales growth in 2010. Net sales for the Global Finishes
Group increased 26.5 percent to $2.09 billion in 2010. Net sales for the
Paint Stores Group increased 4.1 percent to $4.38 billion, and external
net sales for the Consumer Group increased 5.9 percent to $1.30 billion.
Consolidated net sales for the entire company increased by $682 million,
or 9.6 percent, to $7.776 billion. It is estimated that between 70 to 75 per-
cent of sales, or about $5.83 billion, represents coatings sales, with the
remainder being related products, including wallcoverings, floor cover-
ings and application supplies. Sherwin-Williams has company-operated
stores in all 50 states, Canada and some countries in Latin America.
In 2010, the company opened 49 stores in new markets and consoli-
dated an additional 13 redundant store locations, for a net increase of
36 new stores for the year. The companys store count in the United
States, Canada and the Caribbean now stands at 3,390. The company
manufactures and sells coatings such as Dutch Boy
, Pratt & Lambert
,
Martin-Senour
, Dupli-Color
, Krylon
, Thompsons
and Minwax
,
plus private-label brands to independent dealers, mass merchandisers
and home-improvement centers. Sherwin-Williams produces coatings
for original equipment manufacturers in a number of industries and
special-purpose coatings for the automotive-aftermarket, industrial-
maintenance and traffic-paint markets.
Source: 2010 Annual Report, company Web site, press releases
Notes: In September 2010, the company acquired Becker Industrial
Products AB, a subsidiary of Sweden-based AB Wilh. In March 2010,
the company acquired the Industrial Wood Coatings business of Arch
Chemicals Inc.
4. DuPont Performance Coatings
Wilmington, DE
302/774.1000
www.dupont.com
Chairman/CEO: Ellen J. Kullman
President: John McCool
Coatings Sales: $3.8 billion
DuPont Performance Coatings includes its core markets of automo-
tive, collision repair and industrial coatings. The company offers
high-performance liquid and powder coatings as well as high-per-
formance specialty products. Sales of $3.8 billion were up 11 percent
when compared to the prior year, reflecting a 9 percent higher vol-
ume and a 2 percent increase in selling prices.
Parent Company: DuPont
Source: Dupont 2010 Annual Report, company Web site
Notes: In 2010, DuPont opened a research and development facil-
ity dedicated to coatings science at the Experimental Station in
PAI NT & COATI NGS I NDUS TRY
25
Wilmington, DE. The new Coatings Technology Center (CTC) focuses
on DuPont Refinish Systems products that support the automotive
collision industry and DuPont Industrial Coating Solutions. Also in
2010, DuPont entered into a marketing agreement with Ecolab Inc.
to commercialize new antimicrobial coating technologies for the food
and beverage processing industry.
5. BASF Coatings
Mnster, Germany
+0049 25 01 140
www.basf-coatings.com
CEO/President: Raimar Jahn
Coatings Sales: $3.5 billion (2.577 billion)
BASF Coatings GmbH is part of the BASF Groups internationally
operating Coatings Division. BASF Coatings develops, produces and
markets a range of automotive OEM coatings, automotive refinishes,
industrial coatings and decorative paints. BASFs architectural coat-
ings activities are based in Europe and South America. The company
has been the market leader in Brazil for many years under the Suvinil
brand. With the integration of the RELIUS Group in 2007, BASF Coat-
ings now offers construction paints for interior and exterior applica-
tions and external wall insulation systems in Europe.
Parent Company: BASF SE
Source: Company contact, press releases
Notes: In 2010, BASF Coatings GmbH and Henkel AG & Co KGaA
signed a joint-venture agreement to develop corrosion-protection
solutions for the automotive industry. In March 2011, BASF received
the General Motors Supplier of the Year Award for 2010. The award
has been given to BASF seven times in the last nine years, recogniz-
ing the coatings supplier for excellence in the areas of quality, service,
technology and price.
6. The Valspar Corp.
Minneapolis
612/851.7000
www.valspar.com
CEO: Gary E. Hendrickson
Valspar experienced a total sales increase of approximately 10 per-
cent in 2010. The company operates its coatings-related businesses
in two reportable segments: Paints and Coatings. Sales in the Paints
segment increased 8.4 percent (2010 revenue of $ 1,176.8 million)
and 11.7 percent in the Coatings segment (2010 revenue of $ 1,814.8
million), for total coatings sales of $2,992 million.
Source: 2010 Annual Report, company Web site
Notes: In September 2010, Valspar acquired Australian paint manu-
facturer Wattyl Limited. In February 2011, Valspar announced the
acquisition of Brazilian company Isocoat Tintas e Vernizes Ltda., a
manufacturer of powder coatings used in appliance, building prod-
ucts, transportation and other general industrial markets.
7. Nippon Paint Co.
Osaka, Japan
+81.6.64581111
www.nipponpaint.com
President: Kenji Sakai
Nippon Paint produces coatings for the automotive market, the
marine coatings market, as well as industrial products. It also
makes paints for residential and commercial buildings and for the
do-it-yourself market. Nippon Paints manufacturing operations are
located principally in Asia, but the company also has facilities in
North America and Europe. In the United States, it has two subsidiar-
ies that manufacture and sell paints: NB Coatings (liquid automotive
coatings for plastic) and NPA Coatings (automotive body coatings
and powder coatings).
Source: Company contact
8. Kansai Paint Co., Ltd.
Osaka, Japan
+81.6.6203 5531
www.kansai.co.jp
President: Shoju Kobayashi
Coatings Sales: $2.38 billion for fiscal year ended March 31, 2010
Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. is a manufacturer of coatings used in Japan,
Europe and the Americas, as well as China, India and other Asian
countries. Core business areas include Automotive Coatings, Indus-
trial Coatings, Decorative Coatings, and Marine and Protective
Coatings.
Source: Annual Report
Notes: In April of this year, the board of South Africa-based Free-
world Coatings accepted Kansai Paints takeover offer. Freeworld
Coatings manufactures and markets decorative, industrial and auto-
motive coatings. Markets include South Africa and other parts of
sub-Saharan Africa.
9. RPM International Inc.
Medina, OH
330/273.5090
www.rpminc.com
Chairman/CEO/President: Frank C. Sullivan
Coatings Sales: $2.3 billion for fiscal year ended May 31, 2010
RPM is a holding company with subsidiaries that are leaders in
specialty coatings, sealants, building materials and related services
serving both industrial and consumer markets. Industrial products
include corrosion-control coatings, flooring coatings and specialty
chemicals. Major industrial brands are Stonhard, Tremco, illbruck,
Carboline, Flowcrete, Universal Sealants and Euco. RPMs consumer
products are used by professionals and do-it-yourselfers for home
maintenance and improvement, boat repair and maintenance, and
by hobbyists. Consumer brands include Zinsser, Rust-Oleum, DAP,
Varathane and Testors.
Subsidiaries: A/D Fire, Alteco Technik, Ascoat Contracting, Car-
boline, Chemtec Chemicals, Dane Color, DAP, DAP Canada, Ecoloc,
Euclid Admixture, Euclid Chemical, Eucomex, Fibergrate, Fibregrid,
Flowcrete, Hummervoll, Increte Systems, Mantrose-Haeuser, Martin
Mathys, Modern Masters, New Parks, Paramount Technical, Pro-
ductos Cave, Productos de DAP, Radiant Color, Republic Powdered
Metals, RPM Building Solutions Group Europe, RPM/Belgium, Rust-
Oleum, Rust-Oleum Argentina, Rust-Oleum Canada, Rust-Oleum
Japan, Rust-Oleum Netherlands, Stonhard, Testor, Tor Coatings,
Toxement, Tremco Barrier Solutions, Tremco illbruck, Tremco Inc.,
Universal Sealants, Vandex, Watco, Weatherproofing Technologies,
Wolman and Zinsser.
Parent Company: RPM International Inc.
Source: Company contact, 2010 Annual Report, press releases
Notes: Recent transactions include the Performance Coatings Groups
acquisition of Norwegian business Hummervoll Industribelegg AS
in June 2010, the Building Solutions Groups acquisition of Turkish
distributor Park Dis Ticaret A.S. in September 2010, the Performance
Coatings Groups acquisition of UK-based Pipeline & Drainage Sys-
tems Ltd. in December 2010, and Euclid Chemical Co.s acquisition of
Georgia-based PSI Packaging Inc. in February 2011.
10. Jotun
Sandefjord, Norway
47.33.45.70.00
www.jotun.com
President/CEO: Morten Fon
Coatings Sales: $2 billion
The Jotun Group is a leading manufacturer of paint, coatings and
powder coatings. It consists of four divisions: Jotun Dekorativ, respon-
sible for Jotuns decorative paints, stains and varnish deliveries in
Scandinavia; Jotun Paints, responsible for decorative paints in mar-
kets outside Scandinavia; Jotun Coatings, a global segment respon-
sible for marine protective coatings and decorative paints in local
European and selected Asian markets; and Jotun Powder Coatings,
responsible for powder coatings.
Source: 2010 Annual Report, company Web site
Notes: In November 2010, Jotun Powder Coatings launched its first
furniture powder coatings range, Era-Coat MDF, a brand of powder
coatings especially created for designers and furniture makers.
J ULY 2011
|
J ULY 2011
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1. PPG Industries Inc.
Pittsburgh
2. Sherwin-Williams Co.
Cleveland
3. DuPont Coatings & Color Technologies
Group
Wilmington, DE
4. The Valspar Corp.
Minneapolis
5. RPM International Inc.
Medina, OH
6. Behr Process Corp.
Santa Ana, CA
714/545.7101
www.behr.com
CEO/President: Jeff Filley
Mascos Decorative Architectural Products segment includes Behr
Process Corp. and Masterchem Industries, LLC. A leader in the DIY
market with The Home Depot, Behr also provides Behr Premium
Select paint for professional application through Masco Contractor
Services. Masterchem Industries sells under the brand names of
Kilz
, Casual Colors
, Expressions
, Hammerite
and others. These

brands are sold through big-box stores, national retailers, paint and
hardware stores and distributors.
Parent Company: Masco Corp.
Source: Masco Corp. SEC filing
7. Comex Group
Mexico City
www.thecomexgroup.com
CEO: Marcos Achar
COO, Mexico Div.: Leon Cohen
Comex Group was formed with the consolidation of Comex, Color
Wheel, Frazee, General Paint, Kwal, Parker and Duckback. In
addition to architectural paints, Comex manufactures industrial
coatings, roof coatings, wood-care products and aerosols.
Notes: In 2010, the company divested Ferreterias Calzada and
dissolved its joint venture with Akzo Nobel for automotive refinishes.
8. Ennis Paint Inc.
Ennis, TX
972/875.7272
www.ennispaint.com
Chairman: W. Bryce Anderson
Coatings Sales: $387 million
Ennis Paint Inc. continues a long history of pavement markings that
date back to the 1960s. Ennis Paint is a world leader in both traffic
paint and thermoplastics.
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J ULY 2011
|

9. Kelly-Moore Paint Co., Inc.
San Carlos, CA
800/874.4436
www.kellymoore.com
President/CEO: Steve DeVoe
Headquartered in San Carlos, CA, Kelly-Moore is one of the largest
employee-owned paint companies in the United States. A leader
and innovator of waterborne coating technology, Kelly-Moore
was the first major paint manufacturer to offer recycled paints.
Kelly-Moore operates 163 company-owned stores in eight states:
Arkansas, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas and
Washington. The company is looking to add a number of additional
neighborhood locations in 2011.
Notes: In 2010, Kelly-Moore continued to work closely with
independent paint retailers by increasing its dealer network to over
150 stores nationwide. The company also enjoyed continued success
in distributing its coatings overseas, where the demand is high for
quality, American-made products.
10. TIGER Drylac U.S.A., Inc.
Reading, PA
800/243.8148
www.tiger-coatings.us
CEO: Larry McNeely
TIGER is ranked the fifth-largest powder manufacturer in the world
with sales of over $235 million and more than 1,000 employees.
It offers the largest selection of top-of-the-line powder coatings in
every type of chemistry, serving among others the architectural,
automotive, lighting and furniture industries. The U.S. operations
were established in 1984. Today, the company ships from six strategic
distribution centers. The companys North American production
network includes three facilities in the United States, in California,
Illinois and Pennsylvania.
11. Cloverdale Paint Inc.
Surrey B.C., Canada
604/569.6261
www.cloverdalepaint.com
CEO: C.A. (Al) Mordy
Rodda Paint Co.
800/242.3713
Portland, OR
www.roddapaint.com
COO: Bill Boone
Coatings Sales: $221 million (combined)
Cloverdale Paint Inc. and its subsidiaries, Rodda Paint Co., Fargo Paint
& Chemicals Inc., and Guertin Coatings, Sealants & Polymers Ltd.,
operate through 109 corporate-owned locations covering western
Canada as well as Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Alaska.
The companies manufacture architectural paint, and industrial and
marine coatings along with certain powder coatings, specialty resins
and sealant products. Combined markets include sales to a wide
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J ULY 2011
|

variety of professional, commercial, residential, industrial, marine,
private-label and DIY customers as well as a network supporting
Cloverdale Paint and Rodda Paint independent dealers throughout
the Pacific Northwest region.
Source: Company contact, company Web site
12. Nippon Paint U.S. Subsidiaries
Coatings Sales: $190 million (combined)
NB Coatings Inc.
Lansing, IL
708/474.7000
www.nbcoatings.com
CEO: Hidefomi Morita
A subsidiary of Nippon Paint Co., NB Coatings is the leading supplier
of liquid coatings for plastic automotive parts in North America. It
provides a complete line of custom coatings for fascia, exterior trim,
interior trim and lens applications.
NPA Coatings Inc.
Cleveland
216/651.5900
President: Hidefomi Morita
NPA Coatings manufactures and sells powder coatings, automotive-
body coatings, pretreatment chemicals and transit film to customers
in the general industrial and automotive markets.
13. Whitford Corp.
Elverson, PA
610/286.3500
www.whitfordww.com
President: David P. Willis, Jr.
Coatings Sales: Over $160 million
Founded in 1969, Whitford Corp. has dedicated itself to nonstick
coatings for the industrial and consumer markets, later expanding
to rubber, textiles, rope and cordage, and other markets. Whitfords
first international venture took place in 1971 with the opening of
Whitford Plastics Ltd. in the north of England. Current products
include: Xylan
, Xylac
, Dykor
, Xylar
, Ultralon
, Excalibur
,
Eterna
, HALO
, Eclipse
, QuanTanium
, Quantum2
, Fusion
,
PFA+ and others. Whitford has global manufacturing facilities,
including sites in Brazil, Italy, the UK, India, China, Singapore, and
Elverson, PA. With the acquisition of Polymeric Systems Inc. in mid-
2004, its portfolio expanded to include a wide variety of adhesive
products sold throughout the world to retail, consumer and industrial
markets.
Source: Company Web site, company contact
Notes: In January 2011, Whitford purchased HP Polymers, a leading
Canadian manufacturer of a variety of polymer resins. In April
2011, the company opened its ninth factory in Bangalore, India.
Manufacturing at the site will concentrate primarily on coatings
for consumer products, along with a few specialized industrial
applications.
Contact us today:
US Toll Free: 800-652-6013
Tel: 973-357-3193
Email: custinfo@cytec.com
www.cytec.com

2011 Cytec Industries Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
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J ULY 2011
|

14. Vogel Paint, Inc.
Orange City, IA
712/737.8880
www.vogelpaint.com
President/CEO: Drew F. Vogel
Vogel Paints was established in 1926 as a manufacturer of barn paints
and creamery maintenance enamels. It entered the liquid industrial
coatings market in the 1950s and began to build a fleet of company
stores selling architectural paints and heavy-duty maintenance
coatings in the 1970s. The company formed the Peridium Powder
Coatings division in 1998 and built a new powder coatings production
facility in 2003. Today, the company operates over 70 company stores
and seven manufacturing plants and distribution centers in 13 states.
Notes: In May 2011, Diamond Vogel announced a partnership with
Sciessent, creator of the silver-based antimicrobial brand Agion
,
to offer the Peridium
Powder Coatings line. The new Peridium line

brings the quality and durability that industrial customers have
found synonymous with the Vogel name with the added benefit of
Agion antimicrobial product protection.
16. Ace Hardware Corp.
Oakbrook, IL
630/990.6600
www.acehardware.com
CEO/President: Ray A. Griffith
Chairman of the Board: Dave Ziegler
Ace Hardware is the largest retailer-owned hardware cooperative in
the industry. Ace manufactures a full assortment of paints, stains,
primers and light-industrial products with its primary business
centered on the Ace ROYAL brand. All Ace Paint-branded
products are produced in one of two facilities owned and operated
by the Ace Paint division. Both facilities are located in the south
suburbs of Chicago, IL, and are ISO 9001 (quality management)
and ISO 14001 (environmental management) certified. In April
2010, Ace Paint, a division of Ace Hardware Corp., announced the
launch of Royal Finest, a premium, low-VOC, acrylic latex paint
with Scotchgard Protector. The new paint offers consumers the
opportunity to be environmentally responsible, while still providing
ultimate stain resistance.
Source: Company contact, press release
17. Tnemec Co., Inc.
Kansas City, MO
800/863.6321
www.tnemec.com
CEO/President: Peter Cortelyou
Coating Sales: $115.8 million
Tnemec Co. manufactures more than 100 architectural and
industrial coatings, from premium epoxies and polyurethanes to
specialized fluoropolymer products, formulated specifically for
extreme durability, enduring performance and enhanced aesthetics.
Tnemec is a leading supplier of interior and exterior coatings for
water storage tanks. Tnemecs StrataShield brand consists of resinous
floor and wall coatings. The companys Chemprobe subsidiary offers
water-repellant and stain products for concrete, masonry and wood.
Subsidary: Chemprobe Coating Systems
18. Spraylat Corp.
Pelham, NY
914/738.1600
www.spraylat.com
CEO: Michael Borner
President: Raymond T. Chlodney
Spraylat Corp. is a supplier to the product-finishing market,
offering both decorative and functional coatings. Spraylat offers
powder coatings for a wide variety of applications, including
architectural powder coatings that exceed AAMA specifications. It
offers high-technology coatings, including electrically conductive
coatings for EMI/RFI shielding and Polymer Thick Film (PTF)
inks for membrane switches and printed antennas. Spraylats
Liquid Business Unit provides high-performance coatings for
heavy equipment, automotive, sign coatings and specialty OEM
applications, as well as solutions and coatings for the manufacture
of mirrors. Spraylats global operations include locations in North
America, Europe and Asia.
Subsidiaries: One Shot LLC, Spraylat GmbH (Germany), Spraylat
Coatings (Shanghai) Ltd., Spraylat Boya Ltd. (Turkey)
19. Quest Specialty Chemicals, Inc.
Menomonee Falls, WI
800/966.7580
www.questsc.com
CEO: Fred Quinn
COO: Gerry Loftus
Quest Specialty Chemicals is funded through private equity by the
Audax Group, located in Boston, and Moelis Capital Partners, located
J ULY 2011
|

in New York. The company acquires and builds specialty chemical
companies in the coatings arena. It is organized into two principal
divisions focusing on transportation, industrial and construction
coatings. The Specialty Coatings division consists of the following
subsidiaries: Matrix System Automotive Finishes LLC; Raabe Co. LLC;
and Zolatone Automotive, Industrial, and Marine. United Coatings
Manufacturing Co. and HydroStop LLC form the Quest Construction
Products division.
Quest Construction Products offers a full line of protective coatings
for a wide range of architectural, industrial and roofing applications.
Matrix System Automotive Finishes is an independent manufacturer
and distributor of aftermarket automotive refinish paint products,
marketing paints, primers, clearcoats, hardeners and solvents. Raabe
Co. manufactures custom-matched branded touchup paint and pro-
vides private-label aerosol and liquid paint filling services.
Source: Company contact, company Web site
20. Yenkin-Majestic Paint Corp.
Columbus, Ohio
614/253.8511
www.majicpaints.com
www.yenkin-majestic.com
www.opcpolymers.com
President: Jonathan M. Petuchowski
COO: Andrew O. Smith
Yenkin-Majestics full line of architectural paints includes interior
and exterior products and a variety of specialties, including a
complete farm program, low-VOC oil-based f loor paints and a
unique acrylic enamel line (Diamond Hard). Its industrial
division manufactures waterborne and solventborne products,
including urethanes, epoxies and polyesters. Its OPC Polymers
operations serve the United States, Canada and other markets,
with expansion in 2010 by the acquisition of SI Group-Canada
Ltd. Product categories include alkyds, oil-modified urethanes,
monomer-modified combinations, high solids, water reducibles,
alkyd dispersions, epoxy esters and VOC-compliant vehicles.
21. ELANTAS PDG Inc.
St. Louis, MO
314/621.5700
www.elantas.com
CEO/President: Susan W. Graham
ELANTAS PDG Inc. is a premier supplier of specialty polymers
for the electrical and electronic industries. The key products of
ELANTAS PDG include magnet wire enamel, insulating varnishes
and encapsulating resins. It also produces tubing and sleeving
varnishes, pultrusion resins, laminating resins, adhesives, and
conformal coatings.
Parent Company: ALTANA, AG, of Germany
Source: Company Web site, press releases, company contact
22. California Products Corp.
Andover, MA
978/623.9980
www.californiapaints.com
CEO/President: Peter Longo
California Paints manufactures coatings for architectural, consumers
and contractors under the brand names California Paints, Storm
Stain and California Performance Coatings. California Products
produces interior and exterior architectural paints.
Source: Company contact, Web site
Notes: In August 2009, California Products Corp. acquired the
customer base and certain assets of Progress Paint Manufacturing
Co. The acquisition included certain Progress Paint brands and
product lines including Gray Seal
, Fixall
, Duralux
Marine and
other associated lines.
23. Vista Paints
Fullerton, CA
714/680.3800
www.vistapaint.com
CEO/President: Eddie Fischer
Coatings Sales: $75 - 100 million
Vista Paints, founded in 1960, is a manufacturer of high-quality
coatings for the architectural and industrial-maintenance markets
for sale through company-owned stores throughout California and
Nevada. Its customers include the professional painter and the DIY
consumer. The stores supply wallpaper, window coverings and
related painting supplies in addition to paint.
24. True Value Co.
Chicago
773/695.5000
www.truevaluecompany.com
President/CEO: Lyle G. Heidemann
Coatings Sales: Approx. $70 million
True Value Co. manufactures exclusive paint brands for its retail
identities as well as private-label brands for third-party accounts.
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Tel: (416) 424-4567
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Manufacturer of organo
modified & reactive silicones.
35
Paint is manufactured under the EasyCare and Weatherall brands in
Cary, IL, and distributed nationally to its core hardware stores.
True Value Co. is one of the worlds largest retailer-owned hard-
ware cooperatives with sales of $1.8 billion in 2010. The True Value
cooperative includes approximately 4,700 independent retailer loca-
tions worldwide operating under the store identities of True Value,
Grand Rental Station, Taylor Rental, Party Central, Home & Garden
Showplace and Induserve Supply.
Source: 2010 Annual Report, company contact
25. Gemini Industries
El Reno, OK
405/262.5710
www.gemini-coatings.com
CEO/President: David Warren
Founded in 1964, Gemini Industries is an employee-owned company
that manufactures and distributes an extensive line of coatings,
aerosol products and touchup materials for the architectural wood-
finishing market. A sophisticated line of high-performance coatings
for cabinet makers, furniture finishers and refinishes represents 50
percent of sales. It also manufactures a line of EPA-registered wood
preservatives and related products for use on exterior decks, siding
and fences. Gemini has five plants and distribution facilities that
provide nationwide service.
Parent Company: Gemini Industries
United Gilsonite Laboratories
Dunmore, PA
570/344.1202
www.ugl.com
CEO/President: Thomas White
United Gilsonite Laboratories (UGL) manufactures over 80 paint-
specialty and home-maintenance products that are sold nationally
and internationally at hardware stores, home centers, paint stores
and lumberyards. Its main brands are Zar and Drylok. UGL exports
products to nearly 80 countries.
Unreported/Unranked:
Benjamin Moore & Co.
Montvale, NJ
201/573.9600
www.benjaminmoore.com
President/CEO: Denis Abrams
Coatings Sales: Not reported
Benjamin Moore & Co. is primarily a North American paint
company. Its products are sold nationally through independent paint
stores. It specializes in architectural coatings with some industrial
maintenance coatings. The company has a small amount of sales
overseas.
Parent Company: Berkshire Hathaway Inc.
Source: Company Web site, company contact
Dunn-Edwards Corporation
Los Angeles
323/771.3330
www.dunnedwards.com
CEO: Kenneth N. Edwards
President/COO: Karl Altergott
Coatings Sales: Not reported
Dunn-Edwards operates 109 stores in five western states: California,
Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada and Texas. It is a manufacturer and
supplier of architectural and industrial coatings, providing a complete
line of paints and professional painting supplies. The company caters
to architects, designers, painting contractors, homebuilders and
property managers in the Southwest. It also serves do-it-yourselfers,
although professionals account for a majority of sales.
Source: Company contact, company Web site, press releases
Notes: In December of 2010, Dunn-Edwards introduced two new
lines of paint products, SPARTASHIELD
exterior 100-percent
acrylic paints and SPARTAWALL interior acrylic paints. In April of
2011, Dunn-Edwards launched ARISTOWALL, a line of premium
interior enamel finishes formulated with advanced water/oil hybrid
technology.
Honorable Mention:
Farrell-Calhoun Inc.
Memphis, TN
90l/526.2211
www.farrellcalhoun.com
President: John A. Ward Jr.
VP Sales/Marketing: Anthony Ward
Coatings Sales: $28.4 million
Farrell-Calhoun manufactures architectural and industrial-
maintenance coatings. The company has distribution throughout
the mid-south and southeast through 30 company-owned stores and
a network of 100 dealers.
The Muralo Co. Inc.
Bayonne, NJ
201/437.0770
www.muralo.com
President: James S. Norton
Muralo manufactures a broad line of architectural coatings sold
through independent paint stores. With manufacturing located
across the United States, Muralo can supply its customers nationally.
Muralo also offers Spackle
spackling compound and brush, patch

and repair products.
Subsidiaries: Elder and Jenks Inc., Synkoloid, and Graham Paint
and Varnish Co.
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J ULY 2011
|

B
iocides are necessary to prevent the micro-
bial deterioration of many industrial coat-
ings. The two main applications of biocides
are (a) to prevent spoilage of the wet-state
product during storage and transport (in-
can protection), and (b) to ensure long-term performance
of the coating (dry-film protection).
1
Upon drying, both water- and solvent-based coatings
are susceptible to colonization by fungi and/or algae. The
growth of microorganisms on dry film not only affects the
appearance of the coating (discoloration), but it may also
compromise its performance (biodeterioration). Fungi
can penetrate coatings, resulting in cracking, blistering
and loss of adhesion, leading to decay or corrosion of the
underlying substrate. Algae colonies, which seem to grow
more rapidly on porous substrates such as stucco, cement
and bricks, have the ability to occlude water. The freezing
and thawing of this entrapped water may induce cracking
or increase the permeation properties of the coating, lead-
ing to failure. The presence of water may also encourage
colonization by other microorganisms that, in turn, may
cause biodeterioration.
2
The type of microorganism that
can colonize the coating will depend on several factors,
including moisture content of the surface, presence of
nutrients, substrate and coating composition.
3
In order to be most effective, the biocide needs to be
present at the coating interface. This makes it susceptible
to water leaching. Controlling the release of the biocide
through encapsulation could ensure that a minimum
concentration of biocide is always maintained at the
surface interface, extending the shelf life of the coating.
Additionally, this controlled release could reduce the
amount of biocide that is released to the environment
over a period of time.
This paper describes the controlled release of IPBC
(3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate) through encapsula-
tion. Long-term protection of the surface is enabled through
the adsorption interaction between the biocide and the car-
rier.
4,5
This renders the biocide more resistant to leaching.
Encapsulated IPBC was released more slowly than non-
encapsulated, as measured by analytical and microbio-
logical methods. The encapsulated biocide was also more
resistant to environmental degradation from UV/heat.
Furthermore, outdoor exposure tests of paints containing
encapsulated IPBC showed enhanced dry-film protection.
Experimental
Paint Film Sample Preparation
Encapsulated and non-encapsulated IPBC were added at
various levels to paint samples. Drawdowns were prepared
by casting 3-mil films onto drawdown paperboard (Lanetta)
and allowed to dry at room temperature for at least 24 h.
IPBC Measurements
IPBC Present in Leachate Water
Paint samples were prepared as described above contain-
ing 10,000 ppm of IPBC. Paint films were suspended in
100 mL water with constant stirring. The leachate water
was collected at different time intervals and analyzed by
GC UV-Vis spectroscopy for IPBC content. The concentra-
tion of IPBC was determined using a standard IPBC curve
at maximum absorbance of 224-228 nm.
Quantification of IPBC in Paint Films by XRF
Paint samples prepared as described above contain-
ing 2,000 ppm of IPBC were leached for various time
intervals at a leach rate of 1 liter per hour. Samples were
dried for at least 24 h. The PANalytical Epsilon 5 X-Ray
Fluorescence (XRF) instrument was used to analyze the
samples for iodine content.
6
A standard IPBC curve was
developed with different concentrations of IPBC and was
linear up to 4,000 ppm of IPBC. The linear correlation
was independent of the paint formulation used to make
the film. Base lines of each paint film were obtained
before and after leaching.
Delta Y Measurements
Paint samples were prepared as described above contain-
ing 1,000 ppm of IPBC. Samples were placed in the QUV
unit under UVB bulbs for 24 h. The YI (yellowness index)
was measured with a spectrophotomer (CM2500d from
Konica Minolta) within 1 h after taking the films from the
QUV unit (ASTM E 313 - 10 Standard Practice for Calcu-
lating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumen-
tally Measured Color Coordinates). The Delta Y was deter-
mined by subtracting the YI of the biocide-treated sample
minus the untreated control sample after QUV exposure.
By Raman Premachandran, Sr. Scientist II, and Karen Winkowski, Sr. Technical Director, Performance Chemicals & Industrial Biocides | ISP,
Wayne, NJ
iocides are necessary to to ppre reve vent nt tthhe micro- tion Long-termprotectionof the surface is enabled through
Enhanced Dry-Film
Through Controlled
%

I
P
B
C
Hours
1 3 15 48
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
IPBC
Fungitrol 940CR
FIGURE 1 | Cumulative IPBC leaching out of films.
37
Efficacy Studies
Accelerated Fungal Testing
ASTM D 5590 (Determining the Resistance of Paint Films
and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Acceler-
ated Four-Week Agar Plate) was used to measure efficacy
of the various biocide treatments on the paint films.
Samples were prepared as described above except that 500
ppm of IPBC was added to the paint samples. Paint sam-
ples were leached as described above and inoculated with
a mixed fungal suspension consisting of Aspergillus niger
(ATCC 6275) and Penicillium funiculosum (ATCC 11797),
107 spores/mL final concentration. The plates were then
incubated for 28 days at 28 C and 85% RH. Fungal
growth was rated on the surface of the painted sample on
a scale from 0-4, where 0 represents no growth; 1 repre-
sents traces of growth (< 10%); 2 represents light growth
(10-30%); 3 represents moderate growth (30-60%) and
4 represents heavy growth (60% to complete coverage).
Outdoor Test Fence Exposure
Paint samples were prepared containing 3,000 ppm of
IPBC (encapsulated and non-encapsulated). Western Red
Cedar was used as a substrate. Every panel was brush
coated with one coat of primer on the smooth veneer side
and also back coated with one coat of aluminum paint.
The panel was divided into three equal 1-foot sections.
The center served as a control and received two coats of
the paint with no fungicide. The left and the right sides
received two topcoats of biocide-treated paint. After dry-
ing, the panels were exposed facing North at a 90 angle.
Results and Discussion
The controlled release of IPBC from paint films was
investigated in different ways. The films were placed in
water and the leachate was collected at various time
intervals. The amount of IPBC that leached out was
measured by UV spectroscopy. Figure 1 shows the cumu-
lative IPBC content in the leachate. Encapsulating the
IPBC (IPBC CR) resulted in a decreased amount of IPBC
leaching out of the film. In order to measure the amount
of IPBC remaining on the surface of the coating, a non-
destructive X-Ray fluorescence (XFR) methodology was
developed. As shown in Figure 2, the amount of IPBC
remaining in the film was higher for the encapsulated
IPBC. The amount of IPBC released also depended on the
intrinsic properties and composition of the paint. In this
example, the glossy paint showed higher retention levels
of the IPBC than the flat paint.
Microbiological tests were additionally used to dem-
onstrate the controlled release of the encapsulated IPBC.
Surface protection assays were conducted according to
ASTM Method D 5590. In this four-week accelerated
study, the amount of fungal growth on the sample was
measured after 28 days of incubation. As shown in Table
1, the encapsulated biocide (IPBC CR) provided longer-
lasting protection to the surface of the sample (0 rating)
after extensive leaching.
Tests were also conducted outdoors. Wood panels contain-
ing encapsulated vs. non-encapsulated IPBC were exposed
in the test fence. A quick-fail acrylic exterior paint was used
in these studies. After 18 months exposure, samples were
evaluated for the degree of defacement on the paint surface.
As shown in Figure 3, the sample containing the encapsu-
lated biocide showed the least surface defacement.
Additional experiments were conducted to demonstrate
that the encapsulated IPBC shows reduced yellowing
when exposed to UV light. Paint samples containing the
different biocides at 1,000 ppm were exposed to UV radia-
tion (B-bulbs, 24 h). As shown in Figure 4, the encapsu-
lated biocide was less susceptible to yellowing after UV/
heat exposure in the two different paints tested.
Efficacy Studies measured after 28 days of incubation As shown in Table
Coating Performance
- Release IPBC
TABLE 1 | Growth ratings on the surface of the sample after 28 days.
Aqueous Dispersion/Control
Leaching
0 h 48 h 72 h 96 h
Control (no biocide) 4 4 4 4
IPBC-CR 0 0 0 0
IPBC 0 2 4 4
Flat Gloss
I
P
B
C

o
n

t
h
e

F
i
l
m

S
u
r
f
a
c
e
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
IPBC
Fungitrol 940CR
FIGURE 2 | IPBC on film surface after 24 h leaching.
% Surface Defacement
0 20 40 60 80 100
Fungitrol 940CR
IPBC
Control
FIGURE 3 | Test fence exposures (quick-fail acrylic exterior 18-month exposure).
Enhanced Dry-Film Coating Performance Through Controlled-Release IPBC
J ULY 2011
|

Conclusions
The controlled release of IPBC through microencapsula-
tion into an inorganic carrier was demonstrated by ana-
lytical and microbiological assays. The controlled release
mechanisms maintain a minimum biocide concentration
in the coating interface over an extended period of time,
preventing fungal growth. This results in a longer coat-
ing shelf life given the same initial biocide concentration.
Alternatively, lower biocide levels could be used to obtain
a similar shelf life. The inorganic carrier provides the
molecule additional protection against environmental
degradation processes (such as UV/heat degradation), fur-
ther enhancing dry film protection. IPBC CR is currently
available from ISP as a 40% IPBC dispersion under the
trade name Fungitrol
940CR.
References
1
Woods, W.B. Industrial Biocides for Use in Coatings, Austra-
lian Coatings Journal 2000, No.6, 6.
2
Wright, I.C. The Deterioration of Paint Films by Algae and
Lichens, Biodeterioration, VI, 1986, 637.
3
Bussjaeger, S.; Daisey, G.; Simmons, R.; Spindel, S,; and
Williams, S. Mildew and Mildew Control for Wood Surfaces,
Journal Of Coatings Technology 1999, 71, No.890, 67.
4
Alkan,M.; Karada M.; Mehmet Dogan, S. zkan Demirba,
S. Adsorption of CTAB onto perlite samples from aqueous
solutions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2005,
291, 309318
5
Malina, R; Ligia, T; Maria, C; Ana B, Adrianac, R; Corina, B;
Adrian, C; Maria, Z. Sol-Gel Materials with Pesticide Deliv-
ery Properties, Journal of Environmental Protection 2010,
VOl 1, No 3.
6
http://www.panalytical.com; Refer to Articles on XRF by
Pananlytical for metal and iodine determination.
This paper was presented at the 38th Annual Waterborne Symposium,
February 2011, in New Orleans.
Styrene acrylic Acrylic
D
e
l
t
a

Y
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Fungitrol 940CR
IPBC
FIGURE 4 | Protection against yellowing.
Reichhold World Headquarters and Technology Center
P.O. Box 13582
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J ULY 2011
|

E
nvironmental regulations and market forces
are pushing for lower VOC levels in all archi-
tectural coatings. In particular, allowable
VOC limits for architectural semiglosses are
dropping below 50 g/L in some regions.
This article reviews current environmental regulations, as
well as various market and industry organizations that are
pushing semigloss VOC limits ever lower. In addition, an
experimental design used to select the best latex for <50
g/L semigloss, along with some design-driven formulation
optimization, is discussed. The overall objectives are to 1)
identify the best VAE developmental latex compositions and
formulation ingredients; 2) benchmark a competitive VAE;
and 3) answer the conceptual question as to whether 50
g/L semiglosses are viable.
Forbo has developed new vinyl acetate ethylene latexes
for the coatings market. One of the newest products is
ELVACE
750, a high solids, non-APEO, ultralow-VOC,

no formaldehyde-added vinyl acetate latex for flat and
semigloss coatings.
Environmental and Market Forces
What are the VOC regulations for semigloss coatings for
architectural applications? How prevalent is 50 g/L as a
requirement, and is it regulation or market driven?
Historically, the primary VOC driver has been the
regulatory climate. The South Coast Air Quality Man-
agement District (SCAQMD) leads the country in low-
VOC regulations. The SCAQMD includes the Los Angeles
basin in southern California. Their current regulation
for architectural semigloss is less than 50 g/L. While the
rest of California, and eventually the rest of the country,
typically follow SCAQMDs lead, current regulations are
somewhat higher. The California Air Resources Board
(CARB) is at 150 g/L for semigloss, with a proposal to
reduce VOCs to 100 g/L. The Ozone Transport Commis-
sion (OTC), a consortium of northeastern/mid-Atlantic
states, follows CARB, and is currently at 150 g/L. The
EPA level for semigloss (the national level) is 380 g/L. EPA
allows the various regions, like OTC, CARB and SCAQMD
to set their own, more-stringent requirements as local pol-
lution and air-quality issues dictate.
The overall regulatory conditions suggest that for the
time being, 100 g/L, or even 150 g/L is perfectly accept-
able for semigloss coatings, as long as youre not selling
paint in SCAQMDs district. However, there are other
forces at work to reduce VOCs. The coatings consumer
is environmentally aware and understands terms like
VOC and low odor. There are more organizations that
certify green coatings. Two of the most notable groups
with low-VOC requirements are Master Painters Institute
(MPI) and GreenSeal. For their GPS-2 and more stringent
certifications, MPI requires 50 g/L for semigloss coatings,
along with comprehensive performance requirements.
GreenSeal GS-11 certifies 100 g/L with some performance
requirements. GreenSeal also specifies non-APEO (alkyl
phenol ethoxylate). This means the stabilization of the
latex and the paint additive package must be non-APEO.
So, the requirement for 50 g/L or less in architectural
semigloss is driven both by the regulatory climate as well as
the market and organizations that certify green coatings.
Paint Project
The purpose of this paint project was to use a factorial
experimental design to identify the best overall latex com-
position, surfactant type and defoamer needed to make a
<50 g/L semigloss with acceptable performance.
Formulation
The screening formulation was at a pigment volume con-
centration (PVC) level of 29%, 34% volume solids. It had
no APEO surfactants, a 95% VOC-free bio-coalescent (Lox-
anol EFC-200 from Cognis/BASF), a small amount of pro-
pylene glycol for wet edge, some hydroxyl ethyl cellulose
(Natrosol 250 MBR) and attapulgite clay (Attagel 50) as
co-thickeners, and a VOC/APEO-free polyether rheology
modifier (NMS-450 from Aqualon/Ashland). The pigment
extender was a fine-particle-size clay, Polygloss 90. The
prime pigment was an easy-dispersing, general-purpose
titanium dioxide from DuPont, TiPure R706.
By Rick Caldwell, Research Associate and Project Leader, Coatings | Forbo Bonding Systems, Synthetic Polymers Group, Morrisville, NC
New Vinyl Acetate
Takes Semigloss
S
t
o
r
m
e
r
B: Surfactant A: Latex
96
94
92
90
88
86
84
Anionic
Nonionic Comp-4
Exp-1
Exp-2
Exp-3
FIGURE 1 | Stormer viscosity by surfactant (average defoamer).
41
Experimental Design
A general factorial design was used to
screen for the optimum latex, surfactant
and defoamer. Essentially there were three
factors: 1) latex selection; 2) surfactant
type; and 3) defoamer product. There were
four different latexes (levels), two surfac-
tants and two defoamers.
Latex
The four latexes included a competitive
vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE) latex, as
well as three experimental VAEs. The
experimental VAEs were all non-APEO,
with no added VOCs or formaldehyde, low
free vinyl acetate monomer (<0.05%),
and ultralow-VOC capable. Additionally,
all were 65% solids by weight. This pro-
vides the coatings manufacturer with
a sustainability advantage: higher sol-
ids means fewer truckload shipments of
latex over any given time to provide the
same amount of latex solids. The three
experimental latexes were designated
EXP-1, EXP-2 and EXP-3. EXP-2 is the
lab prototype for ELVACE 750. The com-
petitive VAE was 55% solids by weight
and contained APEO surfactants. It is
a well-established, industry standard
coatings latex.
Surfactants
Two surfactants were tested: a nonionic,
WA120 from Rhodia; and an anionic,
Strodex PK-ZeroVOC from Aqualon/Ash-
land. Both surfactants were non-APEO. A
surfactant level of 3 solid lb/100 gal was
used. The WA-120 nonionic was 100%
solids (active), with an HLB of 10-11. The
Strodex PK-ZeroVOC anionic was a phos-
phate ester at 42% solids by weight. For
the rest of this article, the surfactants will
be identified as nonionic and anionic.
Defoamers
Two defoamers were tested at a 3 lb/100
gal level, added in the letdown. Both were
100% active and silica-based. Extensive
supplier research indicated that silica-
based defoamers versus their mineral
oil, non-silica counterparts give better
gloss and less haze in semigloss systems.
They also provide better deaerating and
defoaming efficiency. The first defoamer,
Dehydran 2620 from Cognis/BASF, was
a polymeric polysiloxane type. The sec-
ond, Foamex 858 from Evonik, was an
emulsion of a polyether polysiloxane
copolymer. For the rest of the article,
they are identified as Defoamer A and
Defoamer B, respectively.
Test Methods
Several standard semigloss test methods
were performed in conjunction with this
study. Five main results are reviewed in
this paper. They are 1) Stormer viscosity;
2) gloss @ 60; 3) block resistance; 4) low-
temperature touchup; and 5) cleansability.
The results are considered in terms of
the statistical design. The statistically sig-
nificant factors latex, surfactant and
defoamer selection for each response
are discussed. Interactions where two or
more factors combine for an unexpected
result are highlighted. Interactions are
widely considered the gold standard of
statistical design of experiments.
Stormer Viscosity
All three factors are significant in this
response: latex, surfactant and defoamer.
EXP-2 and EXP-3, along with nonionic
surfactant and Defoamer B gave gener-
ally higher overnight paint viscosities.
Higher Stormer viscosities are deemed to
be favorable, allowing the formulator to
remove expensive thickeners in the formu-
lation. Note that while the viscosities were
in some cases significantly higher, they
were stable viscosities (as determined by
oven stability testing). Figure 1 shows the
latex and surfactant viscosity advantages.
Defoamer selection, which has a signifi-
cant but small impact, was considered as
average for the two defoamers.
Gloss @ 60
The results shown in Figure 2 present
a clear interaction between latex selec-
tion and surfactant the two critical
factors. An interaction is where one
or more factors diverge from a stan-
dard profile. In this case, the competi-
tive latex showed an unexpectedly low
gloss with the anionic surfactant. The
three developmental latexes, including
the ELVACE 750 prototype, showed little
difference in the response with either
anionic or nonionic surfactant. The area
of interaction is circled in red. EXP-2
and EXP-3 actually showed slightly bet-
ter gloss development with the anionic
surfactant. However, gloss development
with those two latexes was very good
regardless of nonionic or anionic surfac-
tant selection.
Figure 3 shows a bar graph of the inter-
action featured in Figure 2. The good
gloss development of the EXP-2 and EXP-3
experimental latexes, which includes the
prototype, shows clearly in the graph.
Ethylene Latex
Coatings Green
G
l
o
s
s

@

6
0
B: Surfactant
A: Latex
55
50
45
40
35
30
Comp-4 Exp-1 Exp-2 Exp-3
Design-Expert Software
Factor Coding: Actual
Gloss @ 60

Design Points

X1 = A: Latex
X2 = B: Surfactant

Actual Factor
C: Defoamer = Defoamer B

B1 Nonionic
B2 Anionic
FIGURE 2 | Interaction graph showing gloss @ 60.
G
l
o
s
s

@

6
0
55
50
45
40
35
30
Anionic
Nonionic Comp-4
Exp-1
Exp-2
Exp-3
FIGURE 3 | Bar graph showing gloss @ 60.
New Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Latex Takes Semigloss Coatings Green
J ULY 2011
|

Block Resistance
Block resistance measures a dry films propensity to stick
to itself, and was run according to ASTM D 4946 (scale of
0-10; 10 = no blocking; 0 = complete failure). One-inch
squares were blocked face-to-face and face-to-blank under
a 1000 g weight using different dry and dwell conditions.
Table 1 illustrates the 16 readings that are routinely run.
The data presented in this paper is the composite of all of
the ratings for each of the 16 panels tested for each indi-
vidual sample. A perfect block resistance rating 10s on
every sample would have a composite rating of 160.
Figure 4 shows the results and an interaction. The two
developmental latexes, EXP-2 and EXP-3, had excellent block
resistance typically 7-9 ratings across the spectrum of test
conditions with the nonionic surfactant. The composite
readings are lower with the anionic surfactant. The com-
petitive latex and EXP-1 both showed poor block resistance,
regardless of surfactant. The interaction area is circled.
Figure 5 shows a bar graph illustration of the interac-
tion graph. The excellent block resistance with the two
developmental latexes, EXP-2 and EXP-3, in conjunction
with the nonionic surfactant, is clearly visible. Even with
the poorer blocking anionic surfactant, the EXP-2 and
EXP-3 were the best.
Low-Temperature Film Formation
Low-temperature film formation was measured by plac-
ing tinted films of each coating in the refrigerator at 36 F
and allowing them to dry for 16 h. Color (L, a, b values)
was measured on the room-temperature dried panels, and
then the low-temperature dried panels. A BYK/Gardner
Color-Guide Sphere color meter was used for this test. Color
change results are expressed as E (square root of the sum
of the squares of the differences in L, a, and b values).
The data shows that EXP-2 (ELVACE 750 prototype) and
the competitive latex exhibited the best low-temperature
coalescence, particularly with the nonionic surfactant. It
should be noted that the established competitive latex is well
known for its advantages in low-temperature coalescence.
Overall, the anionic surfactant was not as effective in provid-
ing low-temperature coalescence as the nonionic surfactant.
It is interesting to note, however, that all of the latexes except
the EXP-1 variation with anionic surfactant showed Es of
markedly less than 1.0. The literature cites, conditionally,
that a E of less than 1.0 is not visible to the human eye
and hence not significant. Figure 6 illustrates the impact
of surfactant and latex selection on low-temperature film
formation. Defoamer has a small but statistically significant
impact. The figure uses average defoamer readings.
Cleansability
Cleansability was tested per the method listed in the Mas-
ter Painters Institute specifications. Five stains ketchup,
mustard, hot coffee, red wine and 325 mesh graphite were
applied to a test film. After a 10 min set, they were rinsed and
placed on the scrub machine. A sponge (rather than brush)
and a dilute soap/TSP solution were used. The test duration
was 1000 cycles. Color readings (L, a, b values) were mea-
sured on the initial drawdown and the cleaned stained areas;
Es were calculated. The data reported in this study is the
composite: the sum of Es for each individual stain.
TABLE 1 | Block resistance test panels, rated per ASTM D 4946.
Overnight Dry Room Temperature Block 4-h dwell Face to-face
Fack-to-blank
16-h dwell Face to-face
Fack-to-blank
Oven @ 50 C Block 4-h dwell Face to-face
Fack-to-blank
Fack-to-blank
One Week Dry Room Temperature Block 4-h dwell Face to-face
Fack-to-blank
Fack-to-blank
Oven @ 50 C Block 4-h dwell Face to-face
Fack-to-blank
Fack-to-blank
Total: 16 Panels
Anionic
Nonionic Comp-4
Exp-1
Exp-2
Exp-3
B
l
o
c
k
,

C
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
FIGURE 5 | Bar graph showing composite block
resistance.
Anionic
Nonionic Comp-4
Exp-1
Exp-2
Exp-3
L
o
w
-
T
e
m
p

T
o
u
c
h
u
p
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
FIGURE 6 | Low-temperature touchup, DE.
B
l
o
c
k
,

C
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
B: Surfactant
A: Latex
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Comp-4 Exp-1 Exp-2 Exp-3
Design-Expert Software
Factor Coding: Actual
Block, Combined

Design Points

X1 = A: Latex
X2 = B: Surfactant

Actual Factor
C: Defoamer = Defoamer B

B1 Nonionic
B2 Anionic
FIGURE 4 | Interaction graph showing compos-
ite block resistance.
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P
A
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T
N
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A
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k
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u
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m
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d
e
F
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e
,
V
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F
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e
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a
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L
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V
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B
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id
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s
New Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Latex Takes Semigloss Coatings Green
J ULY 2011
|

Figure 7 shows a graphical representation of the data.
The two significant factors are latex and surfactant selec-
tion. As in the previous low-temperature touchup prop-
erty, the lowest E results are the best. The EXP-2 and
EXP-3 VAE latexes provided the best cleansability, regard-
less of surfactant. The anionic surfactant gave the best
cleansability for any given latex.
Optimization
This article shows a considerable body of data on four dif-
ferent latexes, two different surfactants and two different
defoamers. Another function available in the statistical
design software is an optimization. Specific require-
ments can be fed into the program, which will then
calculate which combinations of factors come closest to
meeting those requirements. The nearness to meeting all
the requirements is expressed in a desirability rating. A
desirability rating of 100% means that particular com-
bination of factors meets 100% of the requirements. The
requirements for this particular optimization were simple:
Highest Stormer viscosity;
Highest 60 gloss;
Highest composite block resistance;
Best (lowest E) low-temperature touchup;
Best (lowest E) composite cleansability.
The resulting best composition, with an 88.4% desir-
ability rating, was EXP-2 (ELVACE 750 prototype), the
nonionic surfactant, and Foamex 828 defoamer. For the
other promising latex, EXP-3, the best desirability rating
was 80.4%, using the same surfactant (nonionic) and
defoamer (Foamex 828). Conversely, the best desirability
rating for the competitive latex was 25.6%. Since the com-
petitive latex is an established product in the marketplace,
the conclusion is that EXP-2 shows sufficient advantages
to warrant scaleup and commercialization.
The optimization function is a useful tool, but it is based
on the paint samples prepared. For example, it does not
indicate whether blends of the two surfactants might lead
to synergies in properties like gloss and cleansability,
where the anionic showed some advantages. This aspect
will be evaluated in future efforts.
Conclusion
Several conclusions can be gained from this work. First,
the work affirms that viable, <50 g/L semiglosses can be
made using vinyl acetate ethylene latex technology. These
semigloss coatings showed excellent gloss, low-temper-
ature film formation, block resistance and cleansability.
Second, the overall study shows the usefulness of the
factorial experimental design in identifying optimum
ingredients in this case latex, surfactant and defoamer.
By including a competitive reference in the study, a com-
prehensive benchmark on that material is provided.
The results show that surfactant selection, especially
nonionic versus anionic, is critical to maximizing semi-
gloss performance. On the other hand, defoamer selection
is often statistically significant in the various performance
areas, but the impact is generally much smaller than the
nonionic/anionic surfactant impact. Overall, the results
show the importance of carefully selecting surfactants
and defoamers for optimum properties. Finally, the EXP-2
latex is an excellent prototype for scaleup and further
work, showing a very good balance of properties. The
design results show that it is clearly an improvement over
existing commercial VAE latex technology.
Acknowledgements
The author would like to acknowledge the management of Forbo Bond-
ing Systems, Synthetic Polymers for allowing this work to be presented.
Special thanks to my colleagues at Forbo who supported this project: Russ
Frank, Rich Vetterl, Janice Mayer, Tim Tegen and Ashley Hebert.
References
1. MPI Green Performance Standard, http://www.paintinfo.
com/GPS/gps.pdf.
2. Detailed Performance Standard, MPI #138, Latex Interior
High Performance Velvet-like White & Tints, Section 7.11
cleansability testing, Master Painters Institute, Issued:
3/8/2006.
3. South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1113,
http://www.aqmd.gov/rules/reg/reg11/r1113.pdf.
4. Sherwin-Williams LEED, Green & VOC Coatings Reference
Guide, http://www.sherwin-williams.com/pdf/specifica-
tions/SW_LEED_VOC_ReferenceGuide.pdf.
5. PPG Carb Review, http://buyat.ppg.com/ppggreen/certifi-
cations-and-regulations/California-Air-Resources-Board.
aspx.
6. Green Seal GS-11 Environmental Standard for Paints &
Coatings, www.greenseal.org.
7. GreenGuard Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Standard for Build-
ing Materials, Finishes, and Furnishings, www.green-
guard.org.
8. Green solvents remain solvents from a VOC perspective but
they can bring HS&E benefits, http://www.specialchem-
4coatings.com/resources/print.aspx?id=13949.
9. Architectural and Industrial Maintenance (AIM) Coatings
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions Regulatory
Update, http://www.paint.org/news/08-02-10-issue05.cfm.
10. CARB Suggested Control Measure for Architectural
Coati ngs, http://www.arb.ca.gov/coati ngs/arch/
approved_2007_scm.pdf.
11. Ozone Transport Commission, www.otc.org.
12. Paint/Coatings Dictionary. FSCT, 1978.
C
l
e
a
n
s
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
30.00
24.00
18.00
12.00
6.00
0.00
Anionic
Nonionic
Comp-4
Exp-1
Exp-2
Exp-3
FIGURE 7 | Cleansability, composite reading, DE.
The leader in water-based
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J ULY 2011
|

F
or decades, three roll mills have been used
in many different industries, from ink, paint
and food, to high-tech industries like elec-
tronics, energy storage and energy conver-
sion. Everywhere in the coatings industry,
where relatively small batches and color changes are often
required, three roll mills are one of the best solutions. For
example, bases for can and coil coatings are often pro-
duced on three roll mills. Also, for heat-sensitive coating
systems, like UV-curable coatings, the only solution is
often the three roll mill because of its huge cooling surface
and perfect temperature control.
After pre-dispersion, fine dispersing takes place on
agitated bead mills or three roll mills. Three roll mills
typically need two to three passes to achieve the required
particle size or coloristic properties. Feeding of the three
roll mill is often by press out systems or pumps. Here,
cleanability is one of the important advantages of the
three roll mill. On only one machine is it realistic to pro-
duce small batches of different colors.
Features like cleanability, no cross contamination, very
small hold ups and defined stress are still unrepeated by
any other technology. But mechanical roll pressing sys-
tems or even hydraulic systems are not comparable with
the fully automated machines of today.
Function
The basic function of the three roll mill is a differential
speed between the three rolls. The difference between
the second and the third rolls is two to four times higher
than the difference between the first and the second rolls.
The dispersion takes place in the second nip; the first nip
regulates the feeding of the second dispersing nip. The
rolls have to be positioned accurately. In cases where the
viscosity and the tack of the product are high enough to
create hydraulic pressure, the rolls have to be pressed
together. If the viscosity is very low and the product is
shear sensitive, the rolls should not press together. Due
to the differential speed and the constant volume flow on
the rolls, the first nip and the second nip have a similar
ratio as the roll speed. This means if the rolls have to
be positioned because of the low viscosity, the first and
second nip will have different settings (Figure 1).
The dispersion takes place in a shear field over the
length of the roll. As long as the particles are smaller
than the nip there is no impact to the particles in
the suspension. This feature makes the dispersing
process very uniform and also adjustable by pressure or
position of the rolls.
Using only shear stress, the single particle will not
be affected. This means we do not change the shape,
specific surface or size of the discontinuous phase. For
many applications, this is very important for example,
metal pastes or functional ceramic pastes where we do
not want to change the single particle size or the spe-
cific surface of the ceramic in suspension. Many raw
materials are already in specification and should not
be affected during the dispersion process; this means
using only shear stress.
Process Parameters
Figure 2 shows an overview of process parameters for a
three roll mill. There are three groups of parameters
machine, method of operation and rheological behavior.
The rheological behavior is the most important group but
cannot always be influenced. The machine has to be able to
By Norbert Kern, Head of Process Engineering, Grinding & Dispersing Technologies | Buhler AG, Uzwil, Switzerland
New-Generation
Three Roll Mills
Meet Todays Challenges
Roll
2
Roll
1
Roll
3
Remarks:
Drawing shows only the relation of the conveying amounts
n
Roll1
< n
Roll2
< n
Roll3
Roll temperatures:
A colder roll takes more product. Roll 3 is 5K colder than Roll 2.
FIGURE 1 | Product flow at different roll speeds.
47
handle a wide range of viscosities, either with very low line
force or with an accurate roll positioning system. If the mill
base can be adapted, this can optimize the process the most.
Design Features
Due to different applications, the requirements for the
roll design and pressing have changed over the last few
years. For example, metal pastes need to be processed very
gently in the beginning, and more aggressively at the end.
Electronic materials are getting lower in viscosity because
of very thin film applications, and need to be processed by
roll positioning.
There are two different roll designs to fulfill the new
requirements. P-Rolls, with a guided cooling system, are
very stiff and are specially designed for low line forces or
accurate roll positioning (also called gap mode). For the
complete line force range, the VIVA roll design offers
full flexibility. The full line force range and also the flexi-
bility in materials are unique features of the VIVA system
(Figure 3).
New-Generation Three Roll Mill
The Trias is the first fully automated production three
roll mill with automated pressure mode and gap
mode. The design allows the machine to operate on very
low line force in the pressure mode or to change directly to
the gap mode. Operating a three roll mill in the gap mode
means to position the rolls very accurately and repeatably
to each other.
The Trias uses a pneumo-mechanic roll pressing con-
trol. Conventional hydraulic cylinders have a relatively
high internal friction. This makes the control on the lower
line force range especially difficult, or even impossible.
The pneumo-mechanic roll pressing control is designed
with a very low internal friction. This makes it possible to
handle line forces down to 3-4 N/mm (Figure 4).
The main part of the roll pressing is an eccentric shaft.
A big rotation angle of the eccentric shaft results in a very
small change of the axes positions. This means a high
accuracy of the distance setting between the roll shafts
(gap setting). The eccentric shaft multiplies the force
about 20 times. This means a low force in the roll pressing
results in a very high pressure between the rolls. This is
why pneumatic can be used instead of hydraulic.
A pneumatic step motor is used to change the angle of
the eccentric shaft, which changes the distance between
the roll shafts and the gap between the rolls.
One step of the step motor changes the distance between
the roll shafts by 1 micron. When working with gap, the
control system of the Trias moves the step motors to the
setting value. The machine doesnt measure the actual
gap between the rolls it just moves the step motors
to a setting value (increment), which corresponds to a
certain position of the roll shafts. The value 0 increment
is calibrated during the start-up of the machine and
means that the rolls are just touching (almost without
pressure). The maximum gap on the Trias 300/600 is 300
increments, which corresponds to a gap between the rolls
around 0.3 mm without product.
The force applied to the rolls with the eccentric shaft
is measured with a force sensor placed in the connection
between the bearing units of the rolls on the cooling side.
The control system checks the actual value of the line force
with the force sensors and adjusts the position of the step
motors to reach the setting values of the line force. If the
pressure between the rolls changes (due to the product for
Suggested
by Supplier
Suggested
by End User
Rheological
behavior
Method
of operation
Machine
Premixture type

Premixture
temperature

Wetting rate
Thickener type
Pigment type
Mixture ratio
Applied pressure
Parallel operation
Temperature control
Knife setting
Roll mill feeding
Crown
diferential
rotational speed

Cooling knife
Resources
Mixture -
predispersion
FIGURE 2 | Three roll mill factors of influence.
Reduced wall thickness better heat transfer.
Increased cooling efciency.
Increased speed of third roll up to 550 rpm (22 37%).
Thin roll sleeve
(same material as before)
Rigid roll core
Journal
Dynamic layer/intensive cooling
Full pressure range.
1030% more output.
FIGURE 3 | VIVA rolls.
Roll pressed
1 2 3 4 5
Mechanical adjustment of line pressure
Automated version by pneumatic motor
Manual version by hand wheel possible
Measuring of pressing force allows
calculation of line pressure
Automated control allows roll adjustment
via pressure (same as hydraulic principle)
Optional measuring of layer thickness
on roll 3 allows constant gap setting
Constant gap over the whole process
1. Step motor for automatic adjusting
2. Pneumatic cylinder
3. Force sensor
4. Excenter
5. Hand wheel for manual adjusting
FIGURE 4 | Principle of pneumo-mechanic control.
New-Generation Three Roll Mills Meet Todays Challenges
J ULY 2011
|

example), the control system will measure it and readjust
the position of the step motors to keep the line force
constant. The very low friction in the pneumo-mechanic
roll pressing allows it to start working in pressure mode at
very low line force (5N/mm compared to 20-30N/mm on
conventional hydraulic three roll mills) (Figure 5).
The Trias control system includes
graphic touch screen panel;
process visualization;
input and control of operation parameters like: roller
temperature, roller speed, roller pressure, roller gap;
recipe database;
interface to higher-level host systems and to Buhler
data logging software WinTrend;
automatic roller pressure and gap setting by input of the
target value on the graphic touch-screen panel;
electronic controlled stepper motor; and
digital display of actual and target values on the gra-
phic touch-screen panel.
Conclusion
With new-generation three roll mills like the Trias, the
success of this technology will continue. Clean room
capabilities, high flexibility and high accuracy will open
new opportunities. Reproducibility is one of the keys to be
successful in any industry. Scale up from relatively small
lab sizes to big production machines is possible in a fully
automated plant environment.
For more information, visit www.buhlergroup.com.

This paper was presented at the 2011 European Coatings Congress, Nurem-
berg, Germany.
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Eccentric shaft
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FIGURE 5 | Roll pressing Trias.
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J ULY 2011
|

C
oatings have been UV cured in industrial
settings since the 1960s. The graphics
industry was one of the first to adopt this
technology, with a high-gloss coating on
cards. Today, there are numerous indus-
trial applications that utilize UV curing as the method of
drying or polymerizing the coatings or inks, including the
wood coating industry.
The wood coating industry initially embraced UV-
curing technology as a way to increase both productivity
and performance, and more recently as a means to save
energy and meet environmental regulations. Initially, all
applications were based on 100% solids UV-curable prod-
ucts, coating mainly flat panels by roller coater.
During the 1990s, UV-curable polyurethane dispersions
in water (UV-PUD) were developed. PVC floor coating was
the first industrial application. The flexibility, adhesion and
stain resistance of these coatings made this new technology
very successful. The low viscosity and the very low VOC of
these dispersions also made them very attractive for spray,
curtain and vacuum applications onto wood.
In recent years, commercial UV curing has moved out
of the factory and into the field, with numerous improve-
ments in UV-curing equipment enabling this transforma-
tion. Floor coatings are one of the main applications for
field-applied UV-cured coatings. Today, field-applied or
on-site floor coatings for wood are in several stages of
commercialization.
The benefits of UV-cured field-applied wood coatings
are similar to factory-applied wood coatings: increased
productivity and performance. In addition, the immediate
cure aspect provides (1) an added benefit of quality, since
the finish will not be damaged once it is cured, and (2) cost
savings to the end user through immediate use.
In this article, the performance of water-based field-
applied UV-cured wood floor coatings is compared to that
of conventionally cured wood floor coatings. The ben-
efits and detriments of each curing technology are also
reviewed. Additionally, several UV-cure processing and
formulating variables are evaluated regarding their effect
on coating performance.
Field- vs. Factory-Applied Coatings
Applying and curing a wood coating in a factory is a well-
controlled process. Moving this process to the field intro-
duces many uncontrolled variables, which means that a
robust coating and cure process are needed.
Substrate variations are more common in the field,
where wood composition, surface treatment, roughness,
porosity and contamination are all potential challenges.
The substrate is also larger than the UV-cure unit (unlike
in the factory).
UV leakage at the sides of the curing equipment can
prematurely cure the coating at the edges of the cure
path. This may cause changes in the surface appearance
in this area. Also, care must be taken to ensure complete
cure of all areas. Overlap criteria for the UV-curing unit
are typically provided by the coating supplier to assist in
achieving complete cure.
Field-applied UV-curable wood coatings are applied
like conventional wood coatings using a roller or T-bar
applicator. This application method can result in coating
thickness variations.
Finally, the UV-cure unit is mobile and moves over the
substrate. The distance from the UV-cure unit to the sub-
strate and the speed of the UV-cure unit may both vary
during the UV-curing process. The equipment for field-
By Dr. J. Arceneaux, Technical Manager, New Business Development; and James C. Smith, Applications Specialist, New Business
Development | Cytec Industries, Smyrna, GA; G. Vanmeulder, Applications Specialist | Cytec Industries, Drogenbos, Belgium; and Dr. S.
Smeets, New Business Development Manager Radcure Resins | Cytec Industries, Brussels, Belgium
Water-Based, Field-Applied
UV-Curable Topcoats for
TABLE 1 | Recent improvements to UV-curing equipment.
Feature Purpose
Shutters manual control or tied to
movement of machine
Instant on/off feature tied to
movement of machine
Tip detectors
Reduce accidental UV exposure if
machine is lifted or moved
Reduce possibility of floor damage
Heat sensors Reduce possibility of floor damage
Speed control self propelled or speed
gauge for manual propulsion
Improve process reproducibility
Retractable handles Better clearance
Light weight Maneuverability
Power supply 110, 230 or 380 V Fit local energy supply
Emergency shut off/on handle Safety
Shielding
Mandatory use of UV protective eye wear
Use of clothing and creams to protect
skin from stray UV light
Cordoning off work areas
Warning lights
Decrease eye and skin exposure
51
applied applications has undergone many modifications
and upgrades over the last years. There are at least seven
manufacturers, each of whom has a unique construct for
their machines. Some of the recent improvements to equip-
ment are shown in Table 1. Many of these improvements
address safety issues or process reproducibility.
In general, however, it is the coating formulation that
must be robust enough to overcome all of these challenges.
Water-Based UV vs. 100% Solids UV
In recent years, water-based UV-curable raw materials
have been developed in response to several challenges in
100% solids UV-curable formulations. This may sound
contrary to one of the major benefits of UV-curable mate-
rials: no need to evaporate water or solvent. However, the
main advantages of water-based UV-curable raw materi-
als are their low viscosity (< 200 cP), and their ability to
be diluted with water to obtain even lower viscosity.
Several UV-curable applications, including sprayable
wood coatings, currently utilize solvent to reduce their
application viscosity to acceptable levels. Water-based UV
allows the elimination of this solvent, and the accompany-
ing disadvantages of VOCs, HAPs, flammability, etc. The
use of water as a diluent also allows for thinner dry films
than 100% solids UV, in which the wet film thickness
equals the dry film thickness. This thinner dry film can
provide an improved appearance to the coated substrate.
The lower dry coat weight of water-based UV also allows
for easier matting.
Water-based UV polyurethane dispersions separate
oligomer viscosity from molecular weight. This allows for
the development of higher-molecular-weight materials.
These UV dispersions develop lower crosslink densities than
100% UV because of their higher molecular weight. Both
of these attributes combine to bring improved properties
such as flexibility plus chemical resistance and hardness.
Shrinkage is also reduced due to the lower crosslink den-
sity, and this results in better adhesion and appearance.
The use of acrylated monomers as diluents detracts
from the oligomeric properties in 100% solids UV, whereas
in water-based UV, the oligomer properties are unadulter-
ated. Many acrylated diluting oligomers can be skin irri-
tants. These diluting oligomers are also more mobile than
the oligomers, and can migrate into wood pores, where
UV cure may not occur. The use of water as a diluent can
eliminate both of these concerns.
Many of the water-based UV oligomers are tack free after
drying, but before UV cure. This property provides coatings
that are more resistant to damage and dust contamination
before UV curing. If damage does occur, the dried coating
can be buffed to remove the damage before it is UV cured.
It also allows the application of a second coat after drying
but before UV curing the first coat, eliminating a UV-curing
step. Table 2 summarizes the comparison of water-based
UV technology to that of 100% solids UV technology.
Conventional and UV-Curable Technologies
Polyurethanes (PUs) make up the majority of wood floor
finishes, and include 1K oil modified, 1K waterborne, and
TABLE 2 | Comparison of water-based to 100% solids UV technology.
100% Solids UV Water-Based UV
Film-forming resin Acrylated resin
Acrylated medium
MW PU
Molecular weight Low Medium
Crosslink density High Medium
Cure mechanism
Free radical
reaction
Film coalescence +
water evaporation +
free radical reaction
Diluent
Acrylated
monomer
Water
Co-solvents No Maybe
Skin irritation Maybe No
Viscosity High Low
Dry film thickness High Low
Gloss range 20-90 5-80
Flexibility + hardness Difficult Easy
Chemical resistance High High
Shrinkage High Low
Adhesion Difficult Easy
Tack free after water evaporation No Yes
TABLE 3 | Summary of coating types, properties and dry times.
1K Oil-
Modified
PU
1K
Waterborne
PU
2K
Waterborne
PU
2K
Waterborne
PU
2K
Conversion
Varnish
Oil Wax
1K Water-
Based UV PU
Cure type Oxidative Oxidative Aziridine Isocyanate
Acid
catalyzed
Oxidative UV
Pot life (hours) n/a n/a 8-24 4-6 8 n/a n/a n/a
Sealer/stain coats
(# recommended)
0-1 0-1 1-2 1 0 0 1 2
Topcoats (# recommended) 2-3 2-4 1-3 1-3 2-3 2-3 2
Dry time between topcoats
(hours)
8-12 2-6 2-3 2-6 1-3
Buffing; 3-16
after final
Buffing 2-4
Time to light traffic (hours) 24 24 24 24 12 24-48 4
Immediate
after UV cure
Time to rug replacement
(days)
14 7-14 7-14 7 7 7 Overnight
Immediate
after UV cure
VOC (g/L) US definition
of VOC
450-550 220-350 235-390 240-350 550 125 470-550 <200
Flashpoint (C) 43 >100 >100 >100 19 64 40 >100
Water-Based, Field-Applied UV-Curable Topcoats for Wood Flooring
J ULY 2011
|

2K waterborne. Swedish finishes (conversion varnishes)
have very low usage due to regulatory concerns, and oils
and waxes are still used in limited markets to get a beauti-
ful, hand-rubbed appearance. Water-based UV-curable
polyurethanes are just entering the marketplace.
All of the polyurethanes, including UV-curable, dem-
onstrate a combination of properties that are beneficial
to wood floor coatings, such as high surface hardness,
very good chemical resistance, toughness, excellent low-
temperature flexibility, very good abrasion resistance and
extreme durability. These properties are the result of the
polyurethane structure, which consists of both hard and
soft segments within the same polymer chain.
In order to develop the properties noted above, the poly-
urethanes must have some degree of crosslinking. This
crosslinking can be provided through several different
mechanisms: auto-oxidation, isocyanate reactions, aziri-
dine reactions or UV curing.
The isocyanate and aziridine chemistries are two-
component systems with limited pot life, while the other
polyurethane chemistries are one-component systems
with unlimited pot life. The conversion varnish is a two-
component system, and the oils and waxes are one-com-
ponent systems. Two-component systems with limited
pot life can result in wasted product, and deficiencies in
product performance due to improper mixing.
The VOCs of floor finishes have become important in
recent years. The principal area of concern has been the
emission of VOCs from coatings during manufacturing,
drying and curing processes. Therefore both Europe and
the United States have introduced legislation that limits
the emission of VOCs in both paint manufacturing and
application processes. More of the conventional floor
coatings are being adapted or withdrawn from the mar-
ket to meet the legislation.
All wood floor finishing is a multi-coat system. Three to
four coats are typical, and may include stains, sealers and
finishes (topcoats). The stains and sealers may be solvent-
borne or waterborne, and are typically fast drying. The
topcoats are applied after the stain/sealer coats. The dry-
ing time of the topcoat varies from around three hours for
waterborne systems and conversion varnishes to around
10 hours for oil-modified polyurethanes. Drying is not
necessary for oils and waxes, but buffing is done between
topcoats. The dry time is the time required between the
applications of the multiple topcoats.
After the final topcoat has been applied, the coating
must be allowed to fully develop its performance proper-
ties. Since some of these times can be quite long, recom-
mendations on return of the floor to service are classified
as time to light traffic and time to rug replacement. For
UV-cure finishes, all of these times are immediately after
UV cure. This provides a substantial advantage over all of
the other technologies, but especially the other polyure-
thane technologies, which recommend 24 hours before
light traffic, and 7 to 14 days before rug replacement.
Table 3 summarizes the data presented above, which
were obtained from product brochures and data sheets.
Missing from these data sheets is specific information on
product performance. Other than a few data sheets that
list data on pendulum hardness and abrasion no other
performance information is provided.
Test Procedure and Floor Finishes
In this article the product performance of a number of
commercial conventional wood floor finishes is discussed
TABLE 4 | Composition of UV water-based floor finishes.
Product Source Matte Coating (%) Gloss Coating (%) Purpose
UCECOAT A Cytec 89.3 - Main binder
UCECOAT B Cytec - 93.3 Main binder
Water 0.5 Diluent for viscosity/pH adjustment
Ammonium hydroxide (28%) Cytec 0.5 pH adjustment
GASIL 23F PQ Corporation 3.0 Matting agent
ADDITOL VXW 4973 Cytec 0.2 0.2 Anti-foam additive
Butyl Carbitol Dow Chemical 1.0 1.0 Coalescing agent
BYK UV3500 BYK 2.0 2.0 Flow and leveling additive
ADDITOL BCPK Cytec 3.5 3.5 Photoinitiator
Floor finish thickness, wet (m) (*) 125-175
Floor finish thickness, dry (m) 47-66
Application T-bar or flat pad
UV Dose to get mar-free surface
(mJ/cm
2
)
300
(*) The wood panels should be stained/sealed before topcoat application. Exhaustive testing of stains/sealers for compatibility and
performance has not been done. Waterborne sealers tend to show better performance.
TABLE 5 | Coating properties of conventional and UV floor finishes.
Property Method
Cross-cut adhesion ASTM D 3359-07
Pencil hardness ASTM D 3363-05
Chemical resistance (spot test) ASTM D 1308-02
Solvent resistance (MEK double rubs) ASTM D 5402-06
60 Gloss ASTM D 523
Coin test
Drag a standardized coin on edge
across the coated wood using
firm pressure.
BHMR (Black Heel Mar Resistance)
Impact the coated wood with the
edge of a black shoe heel, by using
a backward motion of the leg.
J ULY 2011
|

and compared to starting-point formulations for UV-
curable water-based floor finishes based on UCECOAT

UV PUDs. A 1K oil-modified polyurethane, 1K waterborne
polyurethane, and 2K waterborne polyurethanes (aziri-
dine cure and isocyanate cure) were evaluated.
Additionally, the properties of UV coatings were
assessed regarding development over time, for single
versus multiple topcoats, and for UV exposure and photo-
initiator concentration.
Oak wood panels were sanded and then sealed with two
coats of water-based sealer according to the manufac-
turers directions. (Nanoshield Sealer, Zinsser Co., Inc.)
Several conventional floor finishes were used as
received from the manufacturers. The directions for use
were followed for each of these products.
The composition of the UV water-based floor finishes is
shown in Table 4.
The UV floor finishes were cured using a laboratory cure
unit from HID Ultraviolet, LLC. This laboratory cure unit
consists of a mobile curing unit (Bulldog 15-3000) equipped
with a 100 watts/cm medium pressure continuous wave
Xenon lamp. It is mounted on a conveyor system with vari-
able belt speed to enable ease of laboratory work. The UV
water-based floor finishes were UV cured at 350 mJ/cm
2
,
corresponding to a walking speed of 15 meter per minute.
Coating properties of the conventional and UV floor
finishes were determined as shown in Table 5. These
properties were evaluated at several points during the
cure cycles of the conventional coatings, and over 0-72
hours for the UV coatings.
Test Results
Property Development vs. Time
In 100% solids UV-curable coatings, shrinkage upon
cure can be significant, which can then develop stress in
the coating. As the coating relaxes over time, this stress
is removed, and the coating properties can change as a
result. Many refer to this as dark cure, although it is
doubtful that additional curing is taking place.
In water-based UV-curable coatings, shrinkage is
greatly reduced, so stress build in the coating is dimin-
ished. This results in coating properties that do not
change over time. Table 6 demonstrates this, by show-
ing that the properties of two different water-based UV
finishes are the same immediately after cure and over a
period of 72 hours.
As mentioned earlier, the time to light traffic and time
to rug replacement differ for the different conventional
floor finishes. As shown in Table 6, for UV water-based
finishes, all of these times are immediately after UV cure.
This provides a substantial advantage over all other tech-
nologies, but especially other polyurethane technologies,
which recommend 24 hours before light traffic, and 7-14
days before rug replacement.
Single-Coat vs. Two-Coat System
Since floor finishes typically use multiple coatings, the
effects of the number of UV coatings and their curing pro-
cesses were investigated. For water-based UV coatings that
are tack free before cure, a second coating may be applied
as soon as the first coating has dried. An intermediate
UV-cure step is not required, but may be used if desired. In
order to facilitate intercoat adhesion, an intermediate cure
step should use less energy than that required for full cure
(typically 1/3 of full cure). If the first coating is fully cured,
another way to ensure intercoat adhesion is to lightly sand
before application of the second coating.
Table 7 shows that the properties are essentially
unchanged for a one-coat system, a two-coat system that
has been individually cured, or a two-coat system that
TABLE 6 | Property development over time for two different water-based UV finishes.
Time After UV Cure
Initial 1 h 4 h 8 h 24 h 48 h 72 h
Adhesion (crosshatch)
Matte 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B
Gloss 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B
Coin test
Matte 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*)
Gloss 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*)
Mustard resistance
(30 min spot test)
Matte 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Gloss 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Pencil hardness
Matte 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B
Gloss 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B
Solvent resistance
(MEK double rubs)
Matte 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+
Gloss 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+
5: No coating lift/distortion/stain
4: No coating lift/slight distortion/slight stain
3: Slight coating lift/moderate distortion/moderate stain
2: Moderate coating lift/severe distortion/severe stain
1: Severe coating lift/complete stain
(*) distortion
TABLE 7 | Properties of a single-coat vs. two-coat systems (individually cured and
simultaneously cured).
Single Coat
Two Coats
Individually
Cured
Two Coats
Simultaneously
Cured
Gloss at 60 17 15 19
Coin test 4-distortion 4-distortion 4-distortion
Pencil hardness 4B HB HB
BHMR 5 5 5
Solvent resistance
(MEK double rubs)
200+ 200+ 200+
Chemical resistance
(24 h spot test)
Mustard 5 5 5
Betadine 5 5 5
Navy RIT dye 4 4 4
(RIT Dye Company) (5 after 30 min) (5 after 30 min) (5 after 30 min)
Xylene 5 5 5
Ethanol 5 5 5
Isopropanol 5 5 5
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J ULY 2011
|

has been simultaneously cured. The only differences are
small changes in gloss, and a softer coating for a one-coat
system. Since both time and energy can be saved by simul-
taneously curing a two-coat system, and there is no effect
on coating properties, this is the recommended procedure
if two UV floor finishes are desired.
Property Development vs. UV Dose
The performance of a UV-curable finish is strongly related
to the radiation energy (UV dose) that is necessary to
polymerize (cure) the finish. Whereas UV curing of wood
finishes in factory settings is well-controlled, UV curing
in the field introduces many uncontrolled variables. As
such it is important that the cure window is wide enough
without influencing the UV finish properties.
Table 8 provides data on matte UV water-based finishes
containing 1.0% or 3.5% photoinitiator that were UV
cured at exposures from 50 mJ/cm
2
to 350 mJ/cm
2
. These
exposure levels correspond to linear speeds of 15 m/min
to greater than 30 m/min. Adhesion, the coin test, and 30
min mustard resistance were the same at all exposure lev-
els. When the mustard resistance spot test was extended
to 24 hours, differences were seen. An ethanol resistance
spot test and solvent resistance also showed differences.
For systems containing 3.5% photoinitiator, the coating
properties are unchanged from speeds of 15 m/min to >
30 m/min. The matte formulation allows greatly different
cure speeds to provide the same coating properties (wide
cure window), and thus provides flexibility for the con-
tractor who applies and cures the coating.
Formulations containing 1.0% photoinitiator show a
decrease in coating properties beginning at 250 mJ/cm
2

TABLE 8 | Test results over different exposure times for matte UV water-based fin-
ishes.
UV Exposure (mJ/cm
2
)
50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Cure speed (m/min) >30 >30 >30 25 22 18 15
Adhesion
1% PI 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B
3.5% PI 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B 5B
Coin test
1% PI 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*)
3.5% PI 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*) 4 (*)
Mustard resistance
(30 min spot test)
1% PI 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3.5% PI 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Mustard resistance
(24 h spot test)
1% PI 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
3.5% PI 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
Ethanol resistance (40
min spot test, covered)
1% PI 1-lift 1-lift 5 5 5 5 5
3.5% PI 3-lift 5 5 5 5 5 5
Solvent resistance
(MEK double rubs)
1% PI 60 130 150 150 195 200+ 200+
3.5% PI 195 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+
(*) distortion
TABLE 9 | Test results for floor finishes over time.
Technology 1K Oil-Modified PU 1K Waterborne PU 2K Waterborne PU 2K Waterborne PU 1K Waterborne UV PU
Oxidative Cure Oxidative Cure Aziridine Cure Isocyanate Cure UV Cure
Gloss 60
1 day 51 34 48 25 26
7 days 35 27 48 21 25
14 days 46 31 54 20 25
Adhesion
1 day 2-lift 5 5 5 5
7 days 5 5 5 5 5
14 days 5 5 5 5 5
Coin resistance
1 day 1-lift 1-lift 4-distortion 4-distortion 4-distortion
7 days 4-distortion 1-lift 4-distortion 4-distortion 4-distortion
14 days 4-distortion 2-distortion 4-distortion 4-distortion 4-distortion
BHMR
1 day 5 2-distortion 5 5 5
7 days 5 5 5 5 5
14 days 5 5 5 5 5
Pencil hardness
1 day 7B 7B 7B 4B 4B
7 days 5B 4B 4B 4B H
14 days 4B 4B 4B 4B H
Solvent resistance
1 day 195 10 120 30 200+
7 days 140 20 200+ 135 200+
14 days 195 20 195 150 200+
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J ULY 2011
|

TABLE 10 | Test results for resistance to common household chemicals.
Chemical Resistance
(with Cottonball, Covered)
1K Oil-Modified PU
Oxidative Cure
1K Waterborne PU
Oxidative Cure
2K Waterborne PU
Aziridine Cure
2K Waterborne PU
Isocyanate Cure
1K Waterborne UV PU
UV Cure
Mustard, 30 min
1 day 5 5 4-stain 4-stain 5
7 days 5 5 4-stain 5 5
14 days 5 5 4-stain 4-stain 5
Mustard, 24 h
1 day 4-stain 4-stain 3-stain 3-stain 5
7 days 4-stain 4-stain 3-stain 3-stain 5
14 days 4-stain 4-stain 3-stain 3-stain 5
Betadine, 30 min
1 day 5 5 5 4-stain 5
7 days 5 5 5 5 5
14 days 5 5 5 4-stain 5
Betadine, 24 h
1 day 5 4-stain 3-stain 3-stain 5
7 days 5 4-stain 3-stain 3-stain 5
14 days 5 4-stain 3-stain 3-stain 5
RIT Dye (navy, undiluted), 30 min
1 day 3-stain 3-stain 2-stain 3-stain 5
7 days 5 5 3-stain 4-stain 5
14 days 4-stain 5 3-stain 3-stain 5
RIT Dye (navy, undiluted), 24 h
1 day 2-stain 1-stain 1-stain 1-stain 4-stain
7 days 3-stain 2-stain 1-stain 2-stain 4-stain
14 days 2-stain 2-stain 1-stain 2-stain 4-stain
Xylene, 24 h
1 day 1-lift 1-lift 4-stain 4-distortion 5
7 days 1-lift 3-distortion 5 5 5
14 days 1-lift 1-lift 4-stain 4-stain 5
Ethanol (99.5%), 24 h
1 day 1-lift 1-lift 4-stain 2-distortion 2-distortion*
7 days 1-lift 1-lift 4-stain 4-stain 4-stain*
14 days 1-lift 1-lift 3-stain 3-stain 4-stain*
IPA (99%), 24 h
1 day 1-lift 1-lift 4-stain 2-distortion 4-distortion
7 days 1-lift 1-lift 4-stain 4-distortion 5
14 days 1-lift 1-lift 3-stain 3-stain 5
Water, 24 h
1 day 5 5 5 5 5
7 days 5 5 5 5 5
14 days 5 5 5 5 5
Formula 409, 24 h
1 day 4-stain 2-stain 5 5 5
7 days 5 4-stain 5 5 5
14 days 5 2-stain 5 5 5
Windex, 24 h
1 day 3-stain 1-stain 4-stain 2-stain 4-stain*
7 days 4-stain 1-stain 4-stain 2-stain 3-stain*
14 days 4-stain 1-stain 5 2-stain 3-stain*
Vinegar, 24 h
7 days 5 5 5 5 5
14 days 5 5 5 5 5
Olive oil, 24 h
7 days 5 5 5 5 5
14 days 5 5 5 5 5
3: Slight coating lift/moderate distortion/mode
(*) 30 min stain exposure gave evaluation of 5.
J ULY 2011
|

for solvent resistance, 150 mJ/cm
2
for 24 hour mustard resis-
tance, and 100 mJ/cm
2
for ethanol resistance. Based on these
results, formulations containing 1.0% photoinitiator have a nar-
row cure window, from 15 to 18 m/min. Contractors would have
to be more careful to ensure complete cure with this wood finish.
In optimizing the coating formulation, the photoinitiator concen-
tration should be chosen to meet both cost constraints and the
desired width of the cure window.
Performance Results
The gloss of all the tested floor finishes is fairly stable over time,
as shown in Table 9, with the UV-curable coating demonstrating
the most stable gloss. Adhesion is basically the same for all floor
finishes. A loss of adhesion is only seen in the 1 day result for the
oil-modified polyurethane. In general, all of the 2K floor finishes
perform the same, and better than the 1K systems in the coin test.
Black heel mark resistance is good for all finishes, with only the
1K waterborne polyurethane showing poor performance at 1 day.
The UV-curable finish is harder than the other floor finishes, and
also has better solvent resistance.
The resistance of floor finishes to a number of common house-
hold chemicals is shown in Table 10. The UV-curable floor finish
shows no loss of adhesion, coating, distortion or coating stain
when exposed for 24 h to mustard, betadine, xylene, water,
Formula 409
, vinegar or olive oil. It shows the same results for

30-min exposures to undiluted navy RIT
dye, ethanol, isopropa-

nol and Windex
.
Some conventional floor finishes show good resistance to some
chemicals, but none show the broad chemical resistance of the
UV-curable floor finish.
Conclusion
The performance of field-applied UV-curable floor finishes based
on new UV-curable polyurethane dispersions has been compared
to that of conventional floor finishes.
UV-curable floor finishes show better hardness, solvent resis-
tance and chemical resistance then the conventional floor fin-
ishes. This improved performance is obtained immediately after
the UV-curing step. No extended cure time is needed for the devel-
opment of properties compared to conventional floor finishes. The
immediate cure aspect provides an added benefit of quality, since
the finish will not be damaged once it is cured, and cost savings to
the end user through immediate use.
These properties are also evident in either a one- or a two-topcoat
system; the two-topcoat system may be processed in a number of
ways without affecting coating properties. The width of the cure
window for UV-curable floor finishes can be adjusted to allow varia-
tion in cure parameters as required for use in field-applied settings.
This article was published in the April 2011 issue of PPCJ magazine.
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J ULY 2011
|

M
anufacturers constantly strive to
make coatings and adhesives more
durable and functional. Recently,
some have discovered that a time-
tested, versatile technology pro-
vides opportunities to include high-performance addi-
tives that help those products more effectively beautify,
protect and seal.
Microencapsulation technology makes it possible to
add materials that would have shorter useful lives or be
outright incompatible with the base product if mixed con-
ventionally. Microencapsulation already enables coatings
to be infused with longer-lasting biocides for protection
against mold and mild ew, and also creates potential for
extraordinary new applications like a wall coating that
helps moderate the temperature of a room, or a finish that
can self-heal if scratched.
Microencapsulation effectively seals an additive within
a microscopic wall so that it remains isolated from the
base product until it is released in response to some
stimulus. While proven for decades in other industries,
microencapsulation is just now gaining attention for
coatings and adhesives. Its potential appears limited only
by the collective ingenuity of product manufacturers and
microencapsulation experts.
New Uses for Microencapsulation
Microencapsulation is the process of putting a microscopic
wall around a core substance. To envision this technology
more easily, think of a candy-coated chocolate as a micro-
capsule. In this case, chocolate (the core payload) is held
inside the candy shell. To prevent melting chocolate from
making a mess all over your hands while eating the candy,
the payload is not released until you break the capsule
with your teeth, or let the moisture in your mouth slowly
dissolve it. This provides the best of both worlds: the taste
of chocolate without the mess. Now think of all of that
happening at a microscopic level.
Microencapsulation was invented for one specific pur-
pose: to find an alternative to ink ribbons used inside
cash registers. NCR Corporation scientists invented and
patented the process known as chemical microencapsula-
tion. They turned to Appleton Papers to develop a work-
able microcapsular coating that led to the introduction of
carbonless paper in 1954.
The Appleton scientists who continued to work with
microencapsulation technology recognized the potential
for microencapsulation to extend to other applications
beyond carbonless paper. However, the ongoing growth
and development of the carbonless paper industry kept
those scientists focused on supporting Appletons pri-
mary product for decades.
More recently the scientists with expertise in chemi-
cal microencapsulation have begun to use their unique
and extensive expertise in microencapsulation to
develop specific and often proprietary product solutions
in the consumer products industry. At Appleton, these
efforts gave birth to Encapsys
, a division within the

company that uses a collaborative approach between
our own scientists and partner companies to develop
smart chemistry solutions.
Procter & Gamble was one of the first companies to
consider using the potential of microencapsulation
to manufacture a better product, and they turned
to Encapsys for help. Working closely with P&G, the
Encapsys team created microcapsules that are capable
of performing as needed in P&Gs products, helping
to deliver a heightened consumer experience while
also meeting their business needs. P&G provides the
need for microencapsulation technology, and Encap-
sys delivers the solutions. Encapsys recently used the
same approach with a noted performance materials
manufacturer and entered into a supply agreement
to develop and supply a microencapsulated biocide to
select marketplaces worldwide.
By Ted Goodwin, Vice President Business Development, and Irenee Philippe, Group Business Development Manager | Encapsys Division,
Appleton Papers Inc., Appleton, WI
f t t tl t i t NewUses for Microencapsulation
Expanding the Functionality
Chemical
63
Open innovation and collaboration between micro-
encapsulation companies and producers of coatings and
adhesives could lead to new solutions for old problems or
to product opportunities that were believed to be impos-
sible. The only way to find and recognize these solutions
and opportunities is through an open dialogue between
collaborative partners.
Potential Opportunities to Expand the
Capabilities of Coatings
When mixed conventionally, additives like antimicrobial
agents, fungicides or mildewcides in architectural coat-
ings are typically short-lived. Encapsulation has dem-
onstrated the potential to extend the release profile and
allow the coatings to protect the surface for years instead
of only weeks or months.
Similarly, corrosion inhibitors in paint could be encap-
sulated to release only under specific conditions, such as
a certain pH level or cumulative exposure to ultraviolet
light. Released only as needed, the inhibitor could protect
significantly longer than a traditional finish.
Chemical microencapsulation could, potentially, ben-
efit the coatings industry in a variety of other ways that
enhance products more subtly. These could save many
manufacturing companies a great deal of money and also
create better products for consumers.
Keeping Ingredients Separated
Microencapsulation can also enable mixing of sub-
stances that would separate, clump together, or react
chemically if mixed in conventional ways. An obvious
example would be mixing an additive with paint. Encap-
sulation could allow the substance to reside in the paint
until the time of application, when capsule breakage or
some other trigger would release it.
Protecting Product Utility
Microencapsulation could also protect additives that would
otherwise slowly deteriorate in solution over time. No
longer needing to allow for losses during shipment and
storage, the manufacturer could add the optimum amount,
which could reduce costs and extend the products shelf life.
Enhancing Consumer Safety
Another potential benefit of microencapsulation is
enhanced safety in product handling. Additives that in
raw form might pose safety concerns could be isolated
in capsules engineered for release only after the prod-
uct was applied and exposed to an appropriate trigger.
Human exposure would be reduced at both the produc-
tion and end-use levels.
Self-Healing Coatings
Microencapsulation might provide self-healing for
scratches to f looring, car or boat finishes, furniture
and appliances, which can be difficult to detect and
costly to repair. Here, a scratch would release microen-
capsulated material that would re-seal the break in the
coating and protect the substrate.
The encapsulated material could be more of the same
paint or varnish used in the finish, or a protective substance
that would simply exclude moisture to prevent rust or other
deterioration. The infused coatings could be designed to last
the life of the substrate. Similarly, plastic or fiberglass could
be impregnated so that in case of a minor break, the mate-
rial would fuse back together, providing enough strength to
prevent outright failure until the time of repair.
Protecting Brand Owners and Consumers
Beyond providing physical protection, microencapsulated
ingredients in inks or coatings could fulfill various mark-
ing and indicating functions, showing when an object
has been damaged or has taken an impact, even when
evidence of the event might not otherwise show.
For example, a shipping container that has been
dropped or struck might bear no obvious signs of damage
although something inside is broken but an encapsu-
lated pigment released on impact with the surface would
leave an obvious mark, alerting the recipient to inspect
the container before accepting it.
In similar fashion, an encapsulated pigment with a
temperature trigger could indicate that a container of
medicine or other perishable good had encountered exces-
sive heat during storage or shipment.
The same basic concept also could apply to indicating
impacts to cars and boat hulls, or to lift trucks and other
industrial vehicles in factories and warehouses. Closer to
the consumer level, a motorcycle or bicycle helmet could
show a mark and/or emit a scent if an impact caused a
crack that would compromise its integrity.
O i ti d ll b ti b t i Se Self lf Healing Coatings
of Coatings Through
Microencapsulation
Microencapsulation can also
enable mixing of substances that
would separate, clump together,
or react chemically if mixed in
conventional ways.
Expanding the Functionality of Coatings Through Chemical Microencapsulation
J ULY 2011
|

Microencapsulation also has potential to support brand protec-
tion and product authentication. Possible applications include:
Validating the brand identity or age of a coating in assessing
warranty claims.
Tracing a coating back to a specific production lot.
Using a specially formulated coating or ink as a signature to
distinguish genuine products from counterfeits.
Making packaging adhesives tamper-evident, so that they
release a color or aroma if a seal is broken.
Helping to Regulate Temperatures
Looking to even more advanced applications, microencapsulation
could make a paint or plaster that works in concert with building
heating and cooling systems possible. Here, coatings would be
infused with capsules containing a phase-change material a
substance that changes between solid and liquid phases at tem-
peratures commonly encountered in indoor spaces.
Changes in phase absorb or release heat energy while the tem-
perature stays constant for example, a glass of water containing
ice cubes remains at 32 F until the ice is melted.
In the same way, microencapsulated phase-change material
added to plaster and applied to a wall would absorb the energy
of sunlight through the windows, moderating the suns effect on
the rooms temperature. Then, at night, the phase change would
release the energy, slowing the rooms cooling. The net effect
would be to keep the room temperature more consistent and
comfortable, save energy, and conceivably reduce the size of the
furnace or air conditioner needed for the space.
Because the microcapsules would not break, the phase-change
material in the plaster stays contained and could conceivably
function for decades. In a similar way, phase-change coatings
could be applied to upholstery to make furniture more comfort-
able, to the fabric of high-performance athletic clothing to help
keep wearers warm or cool, or to computer batteries or electronic
components to moderate temperature variations.
Collaborate to Innovate
These current and potential applications most likely mark
just the beginning of possibilities for chemical microen-
capsulation in the coatings industry. Success in generating
ideas and bringing them to market depends on collaboration
between brand owners/product manufacturers and micro-
encapsulation innovators. The microencapsulation innova-
tor relies on the customers product knowledge and market
insight, while the customer takes advantage of the depth and
breadth of the encapsulation companys technical expertise
and manufacturing capability. The two working together can
produce innovations faster and more effectively than either
party could alone.
Coatings and adhesives suppliers seeking to create new mar-
kets or gain competitive advantage can benefit from considering
microencapsulation and the potential it can provide. When the
right partners combine the necessary market insight and techni-
cal savvy, the possibilities are almost limitless.
For more information, visit www.encapsys.com.

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2011 KEYNOTE
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A NEW GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
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OPPORTUNITY TO
ATTEND IN 2011.
PRODUCERS CURRENT EXHIBITORS
Bayer MaterialScience
Dow Coating Materials
Matheson
Clariant Corporation
BASF
Encapsys (a division of Appleton Papers Inc.)
Keyland Polymer Ltd.
Nanophase Technologies Corporation

THIRTY PAPERS TO BE PRESENTED ALONG TWO DIFFERENT TRACKS
HERE IS A SAMPLE OF SOME OF THE PAPERS THAT WILL BE PRESENTED
Great conference well organized, excellent topic coverage,
useful networking opportunities, 2010 Attendee
SESSION TOPICS INCLUDE:
Waterborne Polyurethane Technology in Corrosion-Resistant Coating Resins
Performance Comparison of Waterborne and Solventborne Epoxy
Coating Systems for Heavy-Duty Applications
Eliminating Powder Agglomeration and Melting During the Grinding Process
Colored Pigments: Chemistry & Performance - A Technical Presentation
Rapid Property Development Acrylic Polyols
New Uses for Microencapsulation in Coatings Formulations
Opportunities for UV-Curable Powder Coatings
Improved Weatherability of Translucent Wood Stains Through Nanotechnology
C L A S S I F I E D S
JULY 2011
|

POSITIONS AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT
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DISPERSERS
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A leader in the grinding and
dispersion industries
New & Used Equipment
Dispersers Mills Mixers
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Particle Size Analysis Vessels
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R&D Manager Ames, Iowa
Colorbiotics, a unit of Becker Underwood,
is the leading global manufacturer of
colorants, specialty coatings and patented
applications for coloring wood fiber,
rubber and aggregate. We need
someone to drive and manage the
global product development process
from concept to commercialization.
For complete details visit:
www.pcimag.com/classifieds
TECHNICAL SALES MGR. COATINGS
We need a professional technical sales
manager that wants their contributions
to impact on our company and reect
their level of engagement with us. Do you
share our brand values of global partner/
local presence; trustworthy partnerships;
committed to sustainability; innovated
and driven by passion?
You will introduce new products, dene
methods of promoting new and existing
products, communicate the unique
position that separates them from their
competition, identify opportunities and
through our local applications laboratory
translate them to sales growth and
ensure the most appropriate sales
channels are effectively used.
We are Nubiola USA an international,
family-owned company based in Atlanta
that produce and market an extensive
range of inorganic pigments and
anticorrosives. You will join a company
that seeks your involvement in growing
the business that has manufacturing
facilities in Spain, Colombia, Romania,
India and joint venture in China.
The ideal candidate will have a strong
coatings formulating background,
is a respected member in coatings
associations, have a solid coatings
industry network and strong track
record of accomplishments in sales /
marketing to the coatings industry. Your
candidacy will leap to the top if youve
also got a strong track record of success
in managing distributor networks and
market development projects.
Send us a copy of your resume along
with a half-page summary of your
most signicant accomplishments to
L.Lane@Nubiola.com. We think your
summary is much more important than
your resume and will read it rst.
A full benet package included.
Salary is commensurate with experience.
Asia Pacic Coatings Show 2011
Marina Bay Sands, Singapore
14 15 September 2011
THE LEADING COATINGS EVENT IN
SOUTH EAST ASIA
& THE PACIFIC RIM
www.coatingsgroup.com
Organised by: Sponsored by:
www.polymerspaintcolourjournal.com
BOOK YOUR STAND TODAY
Contact: Jeff Montgomery
Tel: +44 (0)1737 855 078
Email: jeffmontgomery@quartzltd.co.uk
Kez Chen
Tel: +44 (0)1737 855 578
Email: kezchen@quartzltd.co.uk
C L A S S I F I E D S
JULY 2011
|

AD INDEX
RECRUITMENT SERVICES EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS & SERVICES
CUSTOM MANUFACTURING
Toll Converting & Packaging
ISO 9001:2008, FDA-EPA-ATF Reg. Facility
2 plants in N. Texas
Epoxy, urethane, solvent, water-based
High speed dispersion, vacuum processing
Adductions, advancements, prepolymer
Small, medium and large batch
Packaging: tankwagon, totes, drums, pails,
gallons, quarts, pints and smaller

www.quadrantchemical.com
jjamieson@quadrantchemical.com
200 Industrial Blvd., McKinney, TX 75069
972-864-0865 x 25 / 972-542-0072
Contract Microbiology Laboratory
Coatings, Plastics
Building Products
ASTM, JIS, Test Methods
Bacterial, Fungal and Algae
Antimicrobial Testing (MRSA Test)
Info@sivams.com
215-499-1983
Siva Microbiological
Solutions LLC
www.sivams.com
CONSULTING AND TESTING
Specializing in paint/coatings industry. Seeking
passionate, high-impact professionals for nationwide
positions. Send your resume in confidence to:
Spencer M. Hermann
SEARCHLIGHT PARTNERS
28052 Camino Capistrano, Suite 209
Laguna Niguel, CA 92677
(949)429-8813 spencer@mrisearchlight.com
Paint & Coatings Industry
Executive Search
Recruitment & Org. Consulting
www.thomasbrooke.com
THOMAS BROOKE
INTERNATIONAL
Contact Nicola James nicola@thomasbrooke.com
888-896-3330 ext. 22
To place your
classified ad, contact
Andrea Kropp
Ph: (810) 688-4847
Fax: (248) 502-1048
Email: kroppa@pcimag.com
Advanced Polymer Solutions . . . . . . . . . . 48
www.advancedpolymersolutions.com
Acme-Hardesty Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
www.acme-hardesty.com
Air Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 27
www.airproducts.com/defoamer
AllCoat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
www.allcoattech.com
Arch Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
www.archbiocides.com/proxelbzplus
Arkema Emulsion Systems . . . . . . . . . 22-23
www.arkemacoatingresins.com
Asia Pacific Coatings Show 2011 . . . . . . 69
www.coatingsgroup.com
Brenntag North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
www.brenntagnorthamerica.com
Bway Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
www.bwaycorp.com/less-waste
BYK USA Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 45
www.byk.com
CINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
www.cinic.com
Classifier Milling Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
www.cms-can.com
Coatings Trends & Technologies . . 25, 66-67
Conn and Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
www.connblade.com
CPS Color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
www.cpscolor.com
Cytec Industries Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 45
www.cytec.com
DeFelsko Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
www.defelsko.com
E.W. Kaufmann Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
www.ewkaufmann.com
Elcometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
www.elcometer.com
Elementis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
www.elementis.com
EMD Chemicals Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
www.emdchemicals.com
Emerald Performance
Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
www.emeraldmaterials.com
EMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
www.EMImills.com
Evonik Degussa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
www.evonik.com/colotrend
Heubach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
www.heubachcolor.com
HOCKMEYER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
www.hockmeyer.com
ISP Performance Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . 45
www.ispcoatings.com/water
Jiangxi Tikon Titanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
www.tikon.com.cn
Jyoti Ceramic Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
www.jyoticeramic.com
KW Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
www.kwcontainer.com
LANXESS Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
www.mpp.us.lanxess.com
Mason Color Works, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
www.masoncolorpigments.com
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical America, Inc. 33
www.aromaticchemicals.com
MYERS Engineering, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
www.myersmixer.com
Munzing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
www.munzing.com
Nexeo Solutions, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
www.nexeosolutions.com
Nubiola. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
www.nubiola.com
Pan Technology, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
www.pantechnology.com
Reichhold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
www.Reichhold.com
Reitech Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
www.reitechcorporation.com
Reynolds Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
www.reynoldsmixers.com
Rhodia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
www.rhodia.com
Rio Tinto Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
www.riotintominerals.com
Ross, Charles & Son. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
www.mixers.com
Siltech Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
www.siltechcorp.com
Troy Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
www.troycorp.com
Unimin Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
www.BrilliantAdditions.com
Univar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
www.univarcorp.com
Wacker Chemical Corporation. . . . . . . . . 71
www.wacker.com/knows-solutions
Wilden Pump Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
www.wildenpump.com
Yuron Chemical Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
www.yulongchem.com
CREATING TOMORROWS SOLUTIONS
YOU KNOW US.
YOU JUST DIDNT KNOW IT.
To learn more about our customized solutions, visit us at www.wacker.com/knows-solutions
Or simply use your smart phone to scan the QR code above.
Wacker Chemical Corporation, 3301 Sutton Road, Adrian, MI 49221, USA
TEL: +1 888 922 5374, FAX: +1 517 264 4068, info.usa@wacker.com
T
The Industry Standard in Defoamers
www.munzing.com I info@munzing.us
Relentlessly working for YOUR perfect solution
Mnzing. Solving your foam issues by providing the broadest range of defoamer
chemistries and unlimited technical assistance to the coatings and printing ink industry.
While we may deal in complex science, what we do is very simple. We make your job easier.
By conducting unlimited, rigorous testing with the broadest range of defoamer chemistries, well develop precisely the
defoaming additive that solves your problem. Its this kind of unyielding commitment to the needs of coating and printing ink
formulators everywhere that has gotten us to where we are today. Practically on speed dial at some of the largest,
and smallest, coating and printing ink R&D labs around the world.
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