A project report

On
Motion Based Automatic Door Opener

Submitted by
` K. Arun 180060037
B. Prasanth 180060038
B. Vineesh Kumar 180060039
Dusabimana Viateur 180060043
Sec - 1, Batch -10

II/IV BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERS (SEMESTER-II)

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education

Foundation VADDESWARAM-522 502
April 2020

i
 CERTIFICATE

KL UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING.
Analog Electronics Circuits and Design (18EC2103)

This to certify that Mr.K.Arun-180060037, Mr. B.Prasanth-180060038, Mr.B.Vineesh

kumar-180060039 Mr.Dusabimana Viateur-180060043 of section 1 studying II/IV B.Tech in
EEE has satisfactorily completed project Motion Based Automatic Door Opener in the
semester II during the academic year 2019-2020

Signature of Course Instructor Signature of HOD

KASI UDAY KIRAN S.V.N.LALITHA

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express great pleasure for me to express my gratitude to our

honourable President Sri. Koneru Satya Narayana, for providing the
opportunity and platform with facilities in accomplishing the project-based
laboratory. We express the sincere gratitude to our principal Dr.Subbarao
for his administration towards our academic growth.

We express sincere gratitude to our Head of the department EEE Dr.

S.V.N. LALITHA for her leadership and constant motivation provided in
successful completion of our academic semester. We record it as our
privilege to deeply thank for providing us the efficient faculty and facilities
to make our ideas into reality.

We express my sincere thanks to our project supervisor Mr. KASI

UDAY KIRAN for his novel association of ideas, encouragement,
appreciation and intellectual zeal which motivated us to venture this project
successfully.

We are pleased to acknowledge the indebtedness to our lab technicians

who devoted themselves directly or indirectly to make this project success.

Last but not the least we express our deep gratitude and affection to our
parents who stood behind us in all our endeavours.

K. Arun 180060037
B. Prasanth 180060038
B. Vineesh kumar 180060039
Dusabimana Vaiteur 180060043

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. Abstract v

2. Introduction vi-vii

3. Principle or Methodology viii-ix

4. Components required x-xi

5. Circuit diagram xii-xiii

6. Code xiv-xv

7. Working xvi

8. Advantages xvii-xviii

9. Conclusion xix

10. References xx

iv
 ABSTRACT

Our system puts forward an automatic and precise door opening system based on
human movement sensing near the door. Well opening a door in places like hotels,
Shopping complexes, and offices can be a tedious task and sometimes requires
hiring a person just for the sake of opening door whenever a person arrives.

Well this project proposes a system that allows for automatic door opening
solution by sensing human presence near it. Our system achieves this functionality
with the help of PIR sensors. PIR stands for passive infrared sensors. Every live
body emits some infrared energy. This energy is sensed by a PIR sensor from a
good distance. This signal is then processed and door is opened and closed based
on this data.

When a living being arrives within the sensor range, it detects its presence and
sends out a command that opens the door. The door then automatically closes after
a specific time delay if there is no further motion near the door.
The system can be later enhanced by integrating counter mechanism so as to keep
track of the number of persons inside the facility.

v
 Introduction to Project

An Arduino is actually a microcontroller based kit which can be either used

directly by purchasing from the vendor or can be made at home using the
components, owing to its open source hardware feature. It is basically used
in communications and in controlling or operating many devices.

 Digital pins: 14 (These pins have only 2 states i.e. high or low or in
simple words either 5 V or 0 V no in between values. These pins are
mostly used to sense the voltage presence when switch is open or
close)
 Analog pins: 6 (A0 to A5 and they come up with a resolution of 10
bits and they provide flexibility of connecting any external device via
these pins. These pins are configured from 0 V to 5 V but they can be
configured to high range by using AREF pin or analogReference ()
function. ADC (analog to digital convertor) is used to sample these
pins. These pins take analog signal and by using ADC convertor they
convert this analog signal to number between 0 – 1023)
 16 MHz crystal oscillator

 Out of 14 digital pins, 6 can be used for PWM (pulse width modulation)

 TX and RX pins (for serial communication)

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 ABOUT PROJECT

The automatic door opening systems are used in commercial buildings, shopping malls, theatres,
etc. These systems are used to open the door when a person comes near to the entrance of the
door and closes it after he moves away from the door or after entering into the door. There are
various kinds of sensors are available in the market to make such types of systems such as Radar
sensors, PIR sensors, Infrared sensors, and Laser sensors, etc. This project uses a PIR sensor to
open or close the door automatically which senses the infrared energy produced by the human
body. When someone approaches the door, the IR energy sensed by the PIR sensor changes and
activates the sensor to open and close the door automatically. Further, the signal sent to the
microcontroller to control the door.

Automatic Door Opening System

Opening and closing of doors have been always a boring job, especially in places where a person
is always required to open the door for visitors such as hotels, shopping malls, and theaters. Here
is a solution to open and close the door i.e, movement sensed automatic door opening and closing
system. This project is used to sense any body movement near the door. This is achieved with the
help of a passive infrared sensor. Generally, a human body emits infrared energy which is
detected by the PIR sensor from a particular distance. This signal which is detected by the sensor
is fed to a controller to function a door motor through motor driver IC. When a body reaches the
operating range of the PIR sensor, it sends a signal to the micro controller to open and close the
door.

vii
 Pyroelectric infrared sensor(PIR)

Working Principle:
The infrared sensor has its detecting area. Multizonal Fresnel lens array is
associated covers the pyroelectric transducer. This lens is Plano convex lens
that are designed to collect the infrared radiation from the different spatial
zones. Fresnel lens are made up of material that can transmit infrared range of
8µM to 14µm. This lens dose not view the space in continuous fashion, the
detection pattern of sensor is fan shaped .It views as a discrete beams or cones.
The gap between the cones increases with the distance and it is inversely
proportional to the sensitivity of the sensor.The PIR sensors have two pins 1
and 2 they are activated when a radiation source passes is in the field of view.
Pins are wired as opposite input. Pin 1 activates when radiation source come
across the Pin 1 which is positive zone and the sensor values goes up.
When the radiation source continues towards Pin 2 which is negative
zone the value drops and the value comes to 0, this activity causes the net
positive effect on the sensor value.

principle of PIR sensor

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The radiation strikes pryoelectric films that are made of lithium tantalite. It is dielectric
(insulator) in nature so its surface area charges when it is strike by radiated infrared. It has
electrodes which gather the charge. The produced charge is measured with FET (Field
effective transistor) device that is inbuilt in sensor. Among 3 pins in the FET pin 3 is
grounded about 100k and pin 2 is feed into a stage amplifier having signal condition circuits.

The amplifier avoids the high frequency noises above 10Hz. The signal produced is
in the range of 1mVpp that is a small voltage around a DC signal. The power source of 3 to
15 volt is required for the FET supplied through Pin 1.Externtal resistor is connected to pin
3 and pin 2 which converts the FET current to voltage. Pin 2 of a FET is followed by
Amplifier and comparator. To improve the accuracy of sensor dc offset (dc offset is an
undesirable character, it causes waveform not to be 0) is eliminated by PIR incorporation of
ac-coupled amplifiers. Comparator is an extremely sensitive device comparing the voltages
or currents and gives outputs a digital signal which is larger.

FEATURES:

Extra high radiant power and radiant intensity and high

reliability Low forward voltage
Suitable for high pulse current operation
Good spectral matching to Si photo detectors

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Components Required for Automatic Door Opener System
 Arduino UNO
 PIR Sensor
 L298N Motor Driver Module
 CD Tray with 5V Motor
 Breadboard
 Connecting Wires
 Power Supply

Component Description

Arduino UNO
In this project, Arduino UNO acts as the main controlling part. It reads the data from the PIR
Sensor and activates the L298N Motor Driver based on the data from the PIR Sensor.

x
PIR Sensor
Detecting human motion is done with the help of PIR Sensor.

L298N Motor Driver Module

Motor Driver is an important part of the project as it is responsible for driving the motor of
the door (CD Tray Motor in this case). In this project, we have used the very common and
very popular L298N Motor Driver Module.

xi
Architecture of project:

xii
Circuit Design

First, the Data OUT of the PIR Sensor is connected to Digital Pin 8 of Arduino. The other two
pins of PIR Sensor i.e. Vs and GND are connected to +5V and GND respectively.

Coming to the Motor Driver, we have used the second channel of the L298N Motor Driver
Module. Hence, the IN3 and IN4 of the L298N Motor Driver are connected to Digital Pins 2 and
3 of Arduino.

The Enable Pin of the Second Motor on the L298N Module us connected to +5V. Usually, all the
L298N Modules consists of a jumper to directly connected the Enable pins to +5V. You can use
this option.

Since the motor used in the project is a 5V Motor, I’ve connected a 5V Supply to the Motor
Driver Module.

Finally, the Motor of the CD Tray is connected to the OUT3 and OUT4 of L298N Motor Driver
Module.

xiii
Code
The code for the project is given below. It can be used with any Arduino Board (Arduino UNO,
Arduino Nano or Arduino Mega).

int in1 = 2;
int in2 = 3;
int sensor = 8;
int led = 13;
void setup()
{
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(sensor, INPUT);
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
//digitalWrite(sensor,LOW);
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
while(millis()<13000)
{
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
delay(50);
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
delay(50);
}
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,HIGH);

}
void loop()
{
if(digitalRead(sensor)==HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(in1,HIGH);

xiv
 digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);

digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,HIGH);
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(in1,LOW);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);

}
}

xv
Working of Automatic Door Opener System

The working of the Automatic Door Opener System using Arduino and PIR Sensor is very
simple. This project can be considered as an extension of Arduino PIR Sensor and Arduino
L298N DC Motor Control

When the PIR Sensor detects any motion of a person, its Data OUT Pin will become HIGH. As
this pin is connected to the Arduino, it will detect this HIGH Signal and understands that there is
person approaching the door.

Arduino then immediately activates the L298N Motor Driver module to open the door. After
some time (about 2 to 5 seconds in this project), the Arduino will once again activate the Motor
Drive to close the door.

xvi
 ADAVANTAGES

1. Large load carrying capability

2. Easy to manufacture; no specialized machinery is required
3. Precise and accurate linear motion
4. Smooth, quiet, and low maintenance
5. Minimal number of parts
6. Most are self-locking
7. Large mechanical advantage
8. Simple to design

LIMITATIONS

The disadvantages are that most are not very efficient. Due to the low efficiency they cannot be
used in continuous power transmission applications. They also have a high degree of friction on
the threads, which can wear the threads out quickly. For square threads, the nut must be replaced;
for trapezoidal threads, a split nut may be used to compensate for the wear

xvii
 APPLICATIONS

 IR remote control units with high power requirements

 Free air transmission systems
 Infrared source for optical counters and readers
 IR source for smoke detector
 Inventory management.
 Controlling access to confined areas.
 Personnel tracking.
 Supply chain management.
 ID badging.
 Asset tracking.
 Counterfeit forestalling
 Arduino based Automatic Door Opener System is a very useful project as it enables
you to understand the concept of such automatic door opener systems and how they
work.
 These systems are already being used in many places like malls, theatres and hospitals.
 You can implement this Arduino based project at you home in Garage Door
Openers, toilet cover openers, Office door openers, etc.

xviii
Conclusion:

The working of the Automatic Door Opener System using Arduino and PIR Sensor is very
simple. This project can be considered as an extension of Arduino PIR Sensor and Arduino
L298N DC Motor Control.

It enables you to understand the concept of such automatic door opener systems and how they
work.

Well this project proposes a system that allows for automatic door opening solution by sensing
human presence near it. Our system achieves this functionality with the help of PIR sensors. PIR
stands for passive infrared sensors.

xix
References

1. www.google.com

2. www.wikipedia.org

3. www.datasheets4u.com

xx