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  • First Law of Thermodynamics

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    Monica Bautista
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    This document discusses the first law of thermodynamics and thermodynamic processes for closed and open systems. It defines key concepts like internal energy, heat, work, and reversible and irreversible processes. For closed systems undergoing reversible processes, it examines the energy balance and provides equations relating the change in internal energy, enthalpy, heat and work. It also summarizes common thermodynamic processes like isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic and provides their characteristic equations. Finally, it discusses concepts for open systems including mass and energy balances for steady state flow processes.

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    thermodynamics

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    [3] First Law of Thermodynamics

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    This document discusses the first law of thermodynamics and thermodynamic processes for closed and open systems. It defines key concepts like internal energy, heat, work, and reversible and irreversible processes. For closed systems undergoing reversible processes, it examines the energy balance and provides equations relating the change in internal energy, enthalpy, heat and work. It also summarizes common thermodynamic processes like isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic and provides their characteristic equations. Finally, it discusses concepts for open systems including mass and energy balances for steady state flow processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views60 pages

    First Law of Thermodynamics

    Uploaded by

    Monica Bautista
    This document discusses the first law of thermodynamics and thermodynamic processes for closed and open systems. It defines key concepts like internal energy, heat, work, and reversible and irreversible processes. For closed systems undergoing reversible processes, it examines the energy balance and provides equations relating the change in internal energy, enthalpy, heat and work. It also summarizes common thermodynamic processes like isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic and provides their characteristic equations. Finally, it discusses concepts for open systems including mass and energy balances for steady state flow processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 60

    1ST LAW OF

    THERMODYNAMICS
    ChE-406
    CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
    Table Of Content
    Learning outcome:
    Joules Experiment
    Internal Energy
    FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
    First Law of
    Thermodynamics
    Classification of System
    CLOSED AND ISOLATED SYSTEM
    Energy Balance for
    Closed System
    Energy Balance for
    Closed System
    EQUILIBIRUM AND THE
    THERMODYNAMIC STATE
    EQUILIBIRUM AND THE
    THERMODYNAMIC STATE
    Problem
    Irreversible Process
    Reversible Vs. Irreversible
    Reversible Process
    Work for Reversible
    Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Heat Capacity
    Adiabatic Process
    THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES SUMMARY
    FOR IDEAL GAS (CLOSED SYSTEMS)

    Process Characteristics PVɣ ΔU ΔH Q W

    Isothermal T = constant ɣ=1 0 0 nRTln(𝑉2/𝑉1) -nRTln(𝑉2/𝑉1)

    Isochoric V = constant ɣ=∞ nCvdT nCpdT ΔU 0

    Isobaric P = constant ɣ=0 nCvdT nCpdT ΔH -PΔV ; -nR(T2 – T1)

    (𝑃2𝑉2 −𝑃1𝑉1)/(k −1)


    Adiabatic Q=0 ɣ=k nCvdT nCpdT 0
    −𝑛𝑅(𝑇2 − 𝑇1)/(1 −k)
    Polytropic Process

    δ
    δ
    δ δ
    δ
    Problem Solving
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Δ Δ

    ·
    Closed System
    Reversible Process

    Δ Δ

    · ·

    ·
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    ·
    · ·
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process

    Δ Δ
    · ·
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Closed System
    Reversible Process
    Open System
    Measures of Flow

    . .𝑛
    𝑚

    . .
    𝑚 ℳ𝑛
    ℳ

    . ρ
    . ρ

    ρ
    Measures of Flow
    Problem:
    .
    𝑚
    . .
    𝑛 𝑚
    𝑚

    ρ
    𝑛

    𝑛 = 𝑚/𝑀 = 0.75𝑘𝑔/𝑠 = 8.70 mol/s 𝑛 = 8.70 mol/s


    𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑔 𝑔
    𝑚 ρ 𝑘𝑔 𝑠 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
    𝜋
    Mass Balance for
    Open System

    𝑚 𝑚
    𝑚
    Energy Balance
    for Open System

    𝑊 𝑊𝑠
    Energy Balance for
    Steady-State Flow
    Processes
    Generalized Steady
    Flow System
    Generalized Steady
    Flow System
    Generalized Steady
    Flow System
    Generalized Steady
    Flow System
    Example
    Example
    Example
    ·
    Example
    ·
    ·
    ·
    Resources
    THANK YOU

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