CNF Reviewer

3rd Quarter Elements of Fiction and Nonfiction (2)

Setting
Week One - Poetry and Creative Nonfiction
Figurative Language
Forms of Poetry
Character
- Short and simple while
others are long. Descriptive Imagery
Narrative Poems
- Ex: epics, ballad, prose
Plot
poem

- Employs dramatic Fiction vs Nonfiction (Genres)

Dramatic Poems techniques such as
dialogue or characters. Fiction Nonfiction

Lyric Poems - Brief in structure and in Fantasy Biography

subjective form.
Mystery Autobiography
Elements and Conventions of Poetry Horror Newspapers
Imagery - A representation Science Fiction Magazines
(Visual, Gustatory, perceived through the
Tactile, Auditory, human senses. Historical Fiction Travelogs
Olfactory)
Folktales Self Help Books
- Simile, metaphor,
Figurative personification, and Fairy Tales Reference Books
Language onomatopoeia are
commonly used
Week Three - Drama and Nonfiction
- Poetry is recited to
Sound Drama
reveal its true beauty.
- Form of literature also known as
- The author conveys “play”.
Persona his/her experience
- Intended to be performed in front of
through a persona.
an audience.
Three Important Elements of Drama:
Week Two - Fiction and Nonfiction
1. Story
2. Performance
Elements of Fiction and Nonfiction (1)
3. Audience
Author’s William Shakespeare
Setting Theme - Regarded as the greatest writer in the
Purpose
English language and greatest
Character Plot Point of View dramatist.
 Elements of Drama (1)
- Includes exposition,
rising action, falling
Plot
action, resolution.
- Details of the place
Setting where the story takes
place.
-Types of Character:
Protagonist, Antagonist,
Characters
Tertiary Characters, Love
Interest, Confidant.
Dialogue and - The wheels that carry a
Action story forward.
- People who watch a
Audience
performance.
- Objects or ideas that
Symbols represent something
abstract.
Symbolism - Allows writers to
express complex ideas.
Sounds - Music made onstage by
the performers.
- Any intentional
deviation from a literal
Figures of Speech statement that
emphasizes spoken
language.
Atmosphere - A type of feeling that
readers get based on
the setting.
Characterization - An act of imitating or
posing as a specific
character.
Characterization
Direct Characterization Indirect Characterization
The author tells precise It is not explicitly
words to describe what stated and happens
the character is like. in longer works.
Week Four - Elements of Different Genre
Types of Genre
Literary Fiction
- Describes imaginary people, settings and
events
Historical Fiction
- Often called Documentary Fiction
- The details and plot are based on real-life
history
Science Fiction
- Deals with the impact of actual or imagined
science on society
Horror
- Involves elements that build suspense and
cause tension to the readers
Tragedy
- Shows the sorrow of the protagonist
- Refers to characters who experience
hardship that causes emotional pain
Literary Genre
- Describes writing styles such as poetry,
essays, novels, short stories, and plays.
Elements of Literary Genre
- Refers to the person and
Character his/her characteristics
Story - Based on truth; accurate
telling of the author’s life
experiences
 Elements of Literary Genre (2)
- Exposition, rising action,
Plot climax, falling action, and
denouement.
- Refers to the place, time,
mood, atmosphere,
Setting weather, and social
conditions of a story.
Types of Literary Genre
5 Techniques to Develop Themes
1. Choosing a topic
2. Formulating a thesis statement
3. Organizing and developing ideas
4. Using any literary conventions of a
genre
5. Ensuring that theme and technique
are effectively developed
Developing a Theme For a Story
Seek Universal Themes

Fiction/Stories Choose a Theme that Sticks with the Readers

- Are narratives based on the writers’
imagination. Start with Another Story Element
- Narrator is someone who is telling the
Create an Outline
story.
- Short stories focus on one event; usually Weave the Theme (Theme Development)
read in one sitting.
- Novel is an extended work; a more complex Include Multiple Themes
plot.
- Novella is shorter than novels; limited Don’t Limit Yourself
number of characters; takes a short period
of time. Leitwortstil
- Means “motto style
Poetry
- Special way of emphasizing a theme
- Words or sounds that are chosen to deliver
meanings and emotions. or a concept of a story
Writing a Thesis Statement
Drama - The thesis should introduce a paper
- Performance with characters; plot and that will explain how the author
conflict .
reveals the theme in the story.
Non-Fiction
- Based on real life, written for a purpose. Sample Patterns in Writing a Thesis

Week Five - Elements as Techniques to Develop Themes
Theme
- The underlying meaning of the story.
- Conveys the message and opinion of
the author.
In (title of work), (author) (illustrates, shows)
(aspect) (adjective).
Example: In “Barn Burning,” William Faulkner
shows the characters Sardie and Abner Snopes
struggling for their identity.
 In (title of work), (author) uses (one aspect) Week Six - Developing Themes by Combining
to (define, strengthen, illustrate) the Multiple Elements
(element of work).
Creative Nonfiction
Example: In “Youth,” Joseph Conrad uses (also known as Literary Journalism)
foreshadowing to strengthen the plot.
A writer can write ● Personal Essay
In (title of work), (author) uses (an important anything about: ● Memoir
part of work) as a unifying device for (one ● Autobiography
element), (another element), and (another 1. Personal Experience ● Literary
element). 2. Real People Journalistic
The number of elements can vary from one to four. 3. Current Events Essay
4. Fact ● Travel Writing
Example: In “Youth,” Joseph Conrad uses the ● Food Writing
sea as a unifying device for setting, structure
and theme. Themes
- Derived from the emotional
In (title of work), (author) uses (literary development of characters or from
device) to (accomplish, develop, illustrate, the situations they face.
strengthen) (element of work).
Identifying a Theme
Example: In “The Masque of the Red Death,” - Made up of two elements: themes &
Poe uses the symbolism of the stranger, the thematic statements
clock, and the seventh room to develop the - Defined as the central topic
theme of death. Thematic Statement
- Defined as the message of the novel.
Common Literary Themes - A stance the author takes.
Man vs. Nature Man vs. Man vs. Self
Developing a Theme For a Story
society
Study Great Examples of Plot Development
Love Quest for Hero vs.
Immortality Anti-hero Shape the Story with Plotting Processes

Create a Timeline of the Plot’s Events

Other Examples: Bravery, friendship, greed,
loyalty, war, honesty, kindness are the other Develop the Characters in Exciting ways
themes for stories.
Change the 5 W’s

Outlining the Scenes

Incorporate Action-Driven Elements

 Elements of Non-Fiction Research
- The writer needs to conduct research to
- The writing must be learn about the topic
Fact
based on facts. - Primary and secondary research
- Based on primary Reading
Extensive research (interviews, - Reading other materials from experts of a
Research personal exp.) certain subject

- Writers must be able

Reporting Writing
to document events
- The ability to apply techniques and style of
or personal
creative nonfiction to his/her work.
experiences.

Personal - Evident in writing

Types of Creative Nonfiction
Experience and personal essays and
memoirs. 1. Personal Essay
Personal Opinion
2. Memoir
- Creative non-fiction is 3. Literary Journalism Essay (about an
Explanation often written in essay issue)
format. 4. Autobiography
5. Food writing
Literary Elements of Creative Non-Fiction 6. Travel Writing
7. Profiles (essays abou real people)
Storytelling/narration Imagery

Character Point of View Week Seven - Symbols and Symbolism

Setting and Scene Dialogue

Symbol and Symbolism
Plot and Plot Structure Theme
SYMBOL SYMBOLISM
Figurative Language
Ordinary objects, The use of symbols to
events, people, or represent ideas or
5 R’s of Creative Non-Fiction by Lee Gutkind animals that have an qualities.
extraordinary meaning
Real Life
and significance.
- Must write about real people and true
events
We use symbols for:
Reflection 1. To communicate a deeper meaning
- Evaluation and analysis of the author’s 2. To make everyday life more
thoughts, views, opinions organized
3. To unite people and culture
4. To promote traditions
Inherited symbols (familiar symbols) - Symbols can express
1. Crown - symbolizes royalty Defines character attributes;
2. Olive branch - symbolizes peace Characters can be associated with
3. Five linked rings - Olympics the character
Symbols can be interpreted depending on:
- In “The Scarlet Letter”
1. Context
by Nathaniel
2. Cultural meanings Conceals Darker Hawthorne, Hester’s
3. Personal experiences Meaning seemingly feral
4. Symbols daughter Pearl
5. Emotions symbolizes the sin that
6. imagination led to her conception.

Identifying Symbol in Literature 3 Types of Symbolism in Literature

- Symbolism relies on shared cultural
understandings and context as these Religious Symbolism
vary by culture, religion, time, Romantic Symbolism
tradition, location.
Emotional Symbolism
5 Ways to Use Symbolism in Writing

- Symbols add Sample Outline for Essay Writing (Exam)

emotional resonance
- Example: In Macbeth, A. Plot (Sample Only)
Adds Emotion Lady Macbeth is I. Exposition
tortured by a spot of - Character __ is introduced.
blood on her hands II. Rising Action
that can’t be washed - A conflict builds up.
away. III. Climax
- The turning point has been
- Symbols add a visual
revealed.
Adds Imagery element to complex
IV. Falling Action
themes.
- State the events after the
- The color green used climax.
throughout the story V. Falling Action
of “The Great Gatsby" - All of the loose ends are tied
is a marker for the up and the story ends.
money and B. Characters
Connects
materialism that 1. Main Character
Themes
defines life on the 2. Minor Characters
North Shore of Long C. Setting
Island. 3. Season, time, year, place.
D. Theme
4. State the message of the author